Amy+H's+World


 * 5/25/12 Timeline(with Patricia)**
 * 1) 1980 ** : Against Babrak Karmal the as Communist ruler the Soviet troops fought many countries. The opponents were US, Pakistan, China, Iran, and Saudi Arabia and all of them supplied money and arms to oppose the Communists. This was a strenuous fight for the Soviets.
 * 2) 1988: ** Majority of the Soviet troops were sent home because the three biggest powers, Afghanistan, USSR, the US and Pakistan signed peace accords. The fight seemed to settle down a bit.
 * 3) 1996: ** As Taliban seized control there were new adapted Islamic ideas including banning women from work, and introducing Islamic punishments, which include stoning to death and amputations. These were immensely harsh changes for Afghanistan.
 * 4) 2001: ** On September, Ahmad Shah Masood was assassinated. This was good news to the Northern Alliance because the death of the enemy made it easier to carry out Taliban.
 * 5) 2001: ** US-led bombing of Afghanistan leads the US to bomb back Afghanistan on September 11. Anti-Taliban Northern Alliance saw this as an opportunity to enter the war after their enemy has weakened
 * 6) 2002 January: **This shows that the long conflict and war in Afghan that has been lasting for years is not likely to stop any soon until the Taliban decides to cease the actions that has been harming most people of Afghan.
 * 7) 2004 January:** Stronger constitution that enforces presidency shows that democracy is being implemented and preferred in the Afghanistan regime.
 * 8)** **2009 March:** Shows America’s stronger support for Afghan and its army, police and civilians who are in danger due to the government showing promise of protection for Afghan’s people.
 * 9)** **2012 January:** Shows a group that has been causing conflicts to arise in Afghanistan, Taliban, is trying to open up and shows signs of wanting to end the conflict also.
 * 10) 2012 May:** This shows that reaching peace might not be probable since the Taliban minister who was the important person in reaching to rebel commanders which might also have been important for peace talks that might settle the conflict in Africa.

I'm not sure what you mean by "this shows" next to a date. You were asked to choose and explain the top 10 events in Afghanistan's modern history. You have included some relatively insignificant events, while missing key ones. 8.5/10


 * 5/24/12 Korean War vs Vietnam War**

10/10

media type="youtube" key="eAlL3VzgKG8" height="315" width="420"
 * 5/22/12 Unit 7 Debate Assessment**

__**The Cold War p.13-19**__
 * 5/18/12 Class 48**
 * A. 1.** A house bult by a brick was hit 5km away from a nuclear test-explosion. This housed was hit 11 seconds after the explosion. The house was affected by the bomb first by the heat produced by the bomb, and later by a shockwave with strong and fast wind that blew up and exploded the house completely.
 * 2.** If a town was hit by an explosion like this the town would be destroyed. Actually if the town was hit by the bomb, it would be more than being destroyed, it would be vanished. The center that was exactly hit by the bomb would be blown up and anything and anyone that was there or near, would have been evaporated by the heat. Any nearby towns would be destroyed and people in the town would be injured greatly due to the shockwaves.
 * B. 1.** I think these people wanted the government to 'ban the bomb' because they now knew how deadly the bomb was. The fact that people were not destroyed but evaporated was a simply shock to people around the world who saw this. Many knew that even though there would be a bomb warning few minutes before the actual bomb, however, even though people did escape, many would not able to escape quicly out the town to survive. Surviving from the attack was nearly impossible.
 * 2.** I think there was such a wide range of people in CND because regard the age gap and gender, all of them felt fearful of what could happen to them and their houses they were living in. They knew if any countries bombed where they lived, they would have no chance to survive. Also, people began to realize that the bomb could change and permanently damage the environment, people knew there needed to be a change which was to stop using the bomb.
 * C.** Some people disagreed on banning nuclear weapons. This meant that they could not make any more nuclear weapons. If they did that, there would have been what people thought of as the 'missile gap' between America and Russia. If this happened then there was a threat of Russia attacking America and if they did ever have war, there wa a higher chance that Russia would win.

I think the most significant historical event was when the Berlin Wall came down. The crumbling down of the Berlin Wall symbolized the crumbling down of the Cold War. This also symbolized peace between America and Russia, at least with weapons and weapon-making. The war that was between America and Russia to be the best in space and nuclear weapons and a war that made everyone fear about attack of nuclear weapons. The end of this war also stopped the expensive and costly project trying to win one another.
 * __p.530-537__**
 * __Most significant historical event__**

First of all there was a history of mistrust between Russia and America. The governments of Britain, rance and the USA decided to get rid of the new Communist government in Russia and when Russia won, it never forgot how the western countries hated them so much to make war on it. Secondly, there was a conflict between Russia and the Western countries, Britain and America. In times of WWII, when fighting with Russia against Germany, they remembered the pact between Russia and Germany and worried those two were going to make a secret pact and Russia mistrusted them because Britain and the USA took a long time to open a second front against Germany. Third, there was a big difference in idea. Russia promoted Communism and the British and Americans were all about spreading democracy. Fourth, Russia was not satisfied at all with the Truman Doctrine that was a policy that made Communism not allowed to spread beyond the countries that were already communist and the Marshall Aid which had an idea that people would be less likely to support communism if they had jobs, homes and food. Russia said that the aids were part of the American plan for world domination.
 * __5 underlying causes__**

Very well done! 10/10

__**Venn Diagram**__
 * 5/16/12 The Post-War World**

__Paragraph Answer__ I think the Allies trying only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes is right. First of all I think it is right because what the Nazi and Japanese leaders do during the war and its results were far more utmost and inhumane than the Allies. What makes what the Nazi and the Japanese leaders worse was what they did was intended and all the losses, including not just few but millions of humans lives, were not important to the leaders as long as they got what they wanted which was to rule. Also, the human lives that were gone due to the war was the lives of innocent people who were targeted and used for the leader's aims. Also, they are the main people who started the war in the first place. The only reason Allies fought was so they can save their countries from being invaded and having their citizens' lives and freedom taken away even though killing people was not the answer. Some may argue that America should have been charged for the bombing Japan with atomic bomb that blew the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima away. However, I think that if they were killing regularly the war would have dragged on longer and the number of deaths of Nagasaki and Hiroshima would have equaled out or would have been greater if the war kept on going. The world would have been in greater disaster if the war didn't end soon and this was the last final blow to end things for sure. Even though civillians should not have been targeted, due to the action of the Japanese government, Japanese had to suffer.
 * Do you think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes? Explain your thinking. **

10/10

__**video response**__ I think it was horrible for the Nazis to test on people. I knew that the Nazis tortured people but I did not know that they also experimented with people. Even though the experimenting people was extremely terrific to know, I couldn't believe the fact that they even had an idea and implemented the idea to torture young kids. I couldn't believe how inhumane, cruel, and merciless they were to people because they only saw you as something to experiment on and if you were unhealthy or ill, you were immediately dead. So, in order to stay alive you had to look and be healthy, so like the twins in the video did, they had to pinch their cheeks to make it rosy. This agains shows how unreasonably brutal the Nazis were. However, at the end I was happy for the sisters that they were able to marry and have children. I wonder what it would have been like for him to be separated from his mother at a young age. I think it was courageous for him to stand up for his brother and not telling him where his brother was to the soliders because they were beating him up and if they were doing that until he passed out, he might have been unconscious and scared to the point where he gave away where his brother was. At the end when the man said that the Nazis took their feelings out, I couldn't believe how the Nazis were so horrible because when people see another person, especially someone in the family, they are usually very happy, however, when after the war the two brothers met again, they did not show much feelings toward each other, which showed that they were exhausted from the Nazis always torturing them to the point where they didn't feel anything much. It came to attention that the man said there were people breathing but weren't alive. He said he wasn't surprised of people dying because there were many people dying and he knew that he would die at any point in time. People in the camp were exactly like him in where they were passively waiting for their own death to come. If they could get food and survive a day, they would feel lucky and hope they would survive through this war. I think just the thinking itself of killing and burning them is unthinkable and unexceptionable. These burning places were called crematoria and when there was not enough room in the crematorias, people were pushed off of the pit and burned. I could not believe that they would do that to even the children, and what was worse was the Nazis would burn people even when they were alive. I once saw that the most tormenting way to die was through burning. The fact that the Nazis did to uncountable number of people just shocked and terrified me. I couldn't believe and understand that the camp commander would stand there like a hunter and would target to shoot people. This showed that the commanders in charge looked at the people in the camps as if they were like animals and not as humans like they were and as if they deserved to die for being different from them as a human-being. The fact that he had to work next to a hot 2,000 degree oven and that he weighed 33 kilos after the war ended stunned me. This meant that the Nazis just used the people in the camp until they were useless to them. Coming to the camp and having to clean up the dead body the Nazi's did was a nonsense. How could they expect a person to watch people die and clean up the mess they made? Also, it was tragic and unfortunate that the liberation was meaningless for her. If a person is liberated from an oppressing event, most of the times people would be relieved, however, if it leaves the person not feeling anything, this meant that dying in the camp was no different from living. Also, it must have been heartbreaking for her to hear that none of their family survived except for her. If I was in her situation, at first I would've have rather die than to survive with all the horrible memories of the Holocaust and with none of my family survive and be alone. However, I was glad to hear that she works as a midwife to conceive babies which might have not fully but somewhat cured her horrifying moments in the Holocaust. At the part where she talked about being tattooed, I couldn't believe that people were treated s objects and was organized by numbers. Now, there was nothing except just numbers to describe and identify yourself. Suddenly, just by one tattoo everything that identified you was gone and what was left was only the number and the letter to distinguish what camp a person was in. If this was done to me, I would be devastated thinking that something that I was just vanished. For me, this meant that my meaning in earth disappeared also, which would have totally destroyed my reason to stay on earth.
 * 5/15/12 The Holocaust**
 * twins**
 * brothers**
 * Mordecai Eldar**
 * Zanne Farbstein**
 * Yaakov Hollander**
 * Sophie Engelsman**
 * Eva Brown**

Thoughtful, well-written responses. 10/10

__**Guided Reading**__
 * 5/11/12 The Allied Victory Continued**
 * parts 1-7 on 5/09/12's work**

The USSR suffered the greatest human costs. U.S. spending is greater compared to the spending of Germany and Japan. The spending of the U.S. and Germany is similar even though the U.S. spent greater. However, the spending of Japan is far less than the spending of the U.S. A huge factor that contributed to the increased numbers of deaths in World War II over World War I was the advanced technology. Even though the technology was advanced compared to before, it did not match the scale of WWII's weapons. For example, the atomic bomb, or the A-bomb made by the U.S. wiped out 70,000 people instantly when it attacked only one city. However, some countries might have been less advanced in technology or had less amount of troops which caused them to suffer even more people. To flee from the Germans, the Polish refugees had to give up almost everything they owned. They had to give up their workplace where the people received their income, farms that supplied food, and money they owned. They also had to give up their home they lived throughout their life with a place of unsanitary condition due to the bombing. However all this did not guarantee that they will be able to flee from the Germans successfully. due to the threat of bombs. The government implicated by the soldiers show that they look at Japanese only as a prisoner. The solid expressions on the soldier's face indicates that they have no feelings toward the Japanse and only have a duty to send the Japanese to the internment camps. They are looking at the Japanese Americans as if they were foreigners which shows that they do not think the Japanese are Americans like they are.
 * __Comparing WWI and WWII__**
 * Skill-builder:Interpreting Charts-**
 * 1. Which of the nations listed in the chart suffered the greatest human costs?**
 * 2. How does U.S. spending on the war compare with the spending of Germany and Japan?**
 * Skill-builder:Interpreting Graphs-**
 * What factors may have contributed to the increased number of deaths in World War II over World War I?**
 * Document Based Questions-**
 * 1. Under what conditions did the Polish refugees flee from the Germans?**
 * 2. Judging from the photograph, what was the government's attitude toward Japanese Americans?**

10/10

__**Guided Reading**__ Bernard Montgomery was a General from Britain sent to El Alamein to take control of British forces in North Africa. He was in charge of the Battle of Alamein and winning this war was a major turning points for the Allies. Dwight Eisenhower was a U.S. General in which he first led the Operation Torch which was a factor in winning another victory for the Allies. Later, both Montgomery and Eisenhower participated in planning and leading the D-Day invasion which was a crucial victory for the Allies that made Germany and Hitler even more weak.
 * 5/09/12 The Allied Victory**
 * A.**
 * B.**

__**Comparison**__ Same history is conveyed so differently in these two videos because the point of views are different. The documentary is more objective and more focused on telling only general facts about the war. It only shows facts about the event and informs accurately about what exactly happened during the event. However, the Hollywood dramatization shows more feelings than facts.The dramatization is trying to get the audience to feel as if they were part of the war. If I look at the documentary, even though the war does seem very serious, I can only "know" that its serious. However, when I look at the dramatization, I can "feel" the intensity, creating a new level of understanding the event. This is why I think the Hollywood dramatization is more "true". The dramatization does include actual facts like the documentary does even though some parts of the dramatization may not be true or exaggerated. Even more, dramatization helps you get a glimpse of the event by understanding the event through your heart.

10/10

-I think the Japanese internment camps was unfair. These people who were sent to the camps were innocent. Without any proof or evidence to support they were actual enemies, they were just sent to these camps. Those Japanese people were probably living a normal life until the attack of Pearl Harbor and without any signals, they were just sent to the internment camps. Also during the war, even though America was at a war with Hitler, the Germans who were living in America was not sent to camps, which showed racist attitude towards the Japanese thinking they could be the spies due to the only reason which was that the Japanese attacked America's territory and ships.
 * 5/07/12 War on the Home Front**
 * __Short Paragraph__**

-I recognize the Nazi symbol, which is the swastika, Hitler's face, people hailing Hitler with the left hand and weapons being made for the war. -Some of the messages of this cartoon is of a negative one. This cartoon shows that it is bad living in Germany consistently having to hail Hitler even in a specific way. Also, this cartoon shows that you always have to be obedient and follow Hitlers orders no matter how hard it is for you. The life in Germany is limited in what you do and if you say anything bad about Hitler, the soldiers are out to get you so the right to speak freely is limited also. -I think companies like Disney and Warner Brother produced these cartoons during the war because they want to show that Germany is a bad country and that Hitler is bad in a way that he makes you work hard and limits every activity in Germany. By showing America and Donald Duck's face being relieved from not being in Germany shows that America is a much happier place to live in and the statue of liberty that Donald Duck hugged happily showed that America is a place of freedom.
 * __1.__**
 * ======What wartime images do you recognize from your study of the war?======
 * ======What are some of the messages of this cartoon?======
 * ======Why do you think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war?======


 * __2.__**
 * ======What is in the cartoon? Explain the symbolism you see.======

-The first thing I see in this cartoon is Uncle Sam, which symbolizes America. Next to Uncle Sam I see the U.S.A. Salvage Program which is rescuing a wrecked or disabled ship from sea, and this shows that America is trying to find all the ships that were attacked and trying to rescue people and find the materials in the ship and trying to lessen the damage.
 * ======What is the intended message of the cartoon?======

-The intended message of the cartoon is that America is trying hard to recover the damages done by Germany and Japan. They are doing all they can and by the people working this cartoon is telling people should join in one of the causes in the cartoon and join the effort of winning war and recovering from losses.

1. Over 3,500,000 were evacuated from German bombing raids. 2. Some children refused to be evacuated. 3. The biggest movement of children was in 1939. 1. Food rationing came in force in January 1940. 2. Foods were rationed by points. 3. Each family had to register with a shop or store they were going to buy. 1. The Women's Voluntary Service was the largest women's wartime service. 2. Women were allowed to join factory work due to shortages of people in factories. 3. Some women became Air Raid Wardens who made sure that all windows were blacked-out during an air raid and that people always carried gas masks. 1. Propaganda gave advice and warnings. 2. Hitler was seen negatively for example he was portrayed as a man-eater. 3. Some propaganda posters suggested what people should do in order to win the war effort e.g. conserving material
 * __3.__**
 * Children at War**
 * Rationing**
 * Women at War**
 * Messages of War**

10/10

__**p.497-501 notes**__ **a.What happened?** **b.What is the significance of the battle or attack?** Isoroku Yamamoto is the admiral and Japan’s greatest naval strategist who called for an attack on the U.S. fleet in Hawaii. Douglas MacArthur was the general and the commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific, who developed a plan to “island-hop” and eventually help win at the Battle of Guadalcanal.
 * 5/06/12 Japan's empire**
 * A.Drawing Conclusions**
 * B. Summarizing**


 * __Cartoon Short Description__**
 * 1.** This cartoon shows that the League of Nations has no role and no leadership to take on the conflict. The League of Nations is wanting to and expecting America to lead the way in solving the problem, which in this case is the war between Japan and China. This shows the negative side of Japanese expansion, the people thought that the war declared to China was bad, suggested by the eyes looking out to Uncle Sam to do something.
 * 2.** This cartoon is pro-Japanese expansion in the views of the Japanese. They have a negative view of the Anglo-Saxon imperialism as seen by the smirky face on the face of U.S. and Europe. The people, seen as Japanese, are carrying them hardly while the Anglo-Saxon people are doing nothing. As seen by the worker's face, it shows that this is unfair and the people want something to be done.
 * 3.** In this cartoon, Japanese expansion seen as a bad action because the Japanese are burning the pact signed in the League of Nations. Japanese are breaking a promise they promised to keep. Japan is leaving the League of Nations when they are not supposed to. This shows that Japan is not very trustful and that they are willing to do anything for power.
 * 4.** In this cartoon, Japan's expansion is seen negatively. Japanese seem threatening as they are approaching in to New Guinea to invade Australia, which is where the kangaroo stands. As the Japanese in the cartoon looks intimidating, the face of the Kangaroo, representing Australia and the person in the pouch, representing the ally, looks fearful and guarded, which shows that Japan's expansion is not welcome.

__**Questions**__ 1. Japan attacked the United States of America because they were against Japan and did many harm to Japan's plan of expanding its empire. This opposition of the Japanese' expansion was begun to show in the invasion of Manchuria. America condemned its invasion and when it was invaded, America refused to look at Manchuria as an independent state. Next, when Japan invaded China, the U.S. sided with China and turned its back from Japan when it had attacked a U.S. gunboat. Lastly, all sorts of embargos from America had resulted Japan with limited resources which made hard for the Japanese to carry on with war.

2. Before the attack of Pearl Harbor, under the guidance of Administrator Isoroku Yamamoto, Japanese planned their attack on Pearl Harbor that was aimed to disable U.S. fleet while Japanese continued to invade the Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands. During the event, since technology was new, they were unable to recognize whatever was detected from the Japan which allowed Japan to easily attack without warning. The Japanese attacked the second times was less successful. However, overall Japanese was completely successful in their plan of surprise attack. After the attack, Americans were outraged and the U.S. Congress declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941. The Japanese allies, Germany and Italy declared war on America next.

10/10

__**Q&A**__ -Operation Sea Lion was the invasion of Britain. -The battle did not look good for Britain because the British army had been forced out of Europe leaving most of its weapons behind while Germany was getting ready to invade Britain. Also Britain had less number of fights compared to the number of bombers and fighters in Germany. -Britain had radars as an advantage. Radio waves transmitted from the radars stations were reflected from the incoming aircraft which indicated the distance, speed and height of the aircraft. Another factor was that the country had determination and had air crews from all over the world to support. -RAF bombers raided cities in which caused furiousness among the people of those cities in Britain which in turn resulted in a higher moral from British to help win the war. -The impact of the bombing was that more aircrafts and bombers from Germany were dead compared to number of British men's death. The bombing of London aided Britain's cause by helping the nation of Britain come together and work with each other with hope that they have a chance to win against the British. -The outcome of the battle of Britain was significant for the Allies because this meant that they had a chance of actually winning powerful Germany if they truly unite together and help each other.
 * 5/04/12 Battle of Britain**
 * 1) What was Operation Sea Lion? **
 * 2) Why did the battle not look good for Britain? **
 * 3) What advantage did Britain have? **
 * 4) What was Germany's mistake? **
 * 5) What was the impact of the bombing of London? How did the bombing of London aid Britain's cause? **
 * 6) Why was the outcome of the battle of Britain significant for the Allies? **

The British were able to hold off the German invasion even though their military were weaker for two main reasons. First, there had been a huge support of the war effort in the home front of Britain. The citizens were raising money or volunteering to fight in the war. Many of the citizens in Britain were determined to win war and had high morale. Second, Britain had a secret weapon of its own, the radar. The radar got signals from the skies and detected any moving airplanes and picked out any sign of the enemies, which were the Germans. Then with the signals the Observer Corps, they communicated with the Royal Air Force fighters to destroy them. These two main factors contributed and played a critical role in helping win the war effort.
 * __Paragraph Response__**

Notes on podcast? 8/10

__**Chart**__ __**Question**__ Out of the listed events, I think the Lend-Lease Act was the turning point for the Allies. I think this because this act actually gave a advantage to the Allies to help win the war especially against the Germans. Before this, all it allowed the Allies to do was fail and lose. However, after the Lend-Lease Act was passed, this allowed the Allies to get arms or supplies that are vital for them to win. Even though its not giving full help but only letting the Allies lease, I think this is better than not having any supplies being leased.
 * 5/02/12 Section 1 Assessment Questions**
 * 2.**

The invasion of Russia and Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union was very similar. First, when they were invading Soviet Union, the same kind of strategy was used against them by the Soviet troops which was the scorched-earth strategy. In this strategy, as the Soviet troops were retreating, they burned and destroyed everything in the enemy's path. Secondly, both Hitler and Napoleon sent their troops to Moscow, which was the capital and heart of the Soviet Union. Lastly, during their time in Moscow, the winter came while the soldiers were not prepared for the harsh weather of Russia in winter. They both gained nothing from their, except the deaths of many soldiers.
 * 8.**

10/10

10/10
 * 5/01/12 Notes**
 * __p.21-25__**
 * __textbook p. 488-492__**

10/10
 * 4/25/12 Hitler Notes**

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 * 4/23/12 Fascism Oral**

I had to reload the page several times to watch all of this video, and your Russian Rev. video because the adobe plug in kept crashing. I wouldn't use this program for posting videos next time. I do see a real improvement in your ability to articulate your thinking logically, Amy! Be careful with pronuncation: Fascism is pronounced "fashism" not "fassism". 10/10


 * 4/19/12 Great Depression Oral**

media type="file" key="9F Amy Han Great Depression.mov" width="300" height="300"

This seems to suggest that the US stock market crash CAUSED the global depression, but you know that many countries were already facing serious economic problems in the years immediately after the end of WW I. 9.5/10

__Station 1__
 * 4/18/12 Great Depression**

__Station 2__ -The "Era of Get Rich Quick" soon ended after the stock market crashed during Black Tuesday, in October 29,1929 which helped many lose their money and jobs. -The farmers experienced a double hit when the dust storm struck regions of the Great Plains helping devastate agriculture. -After the hit of Great Depression, soon the Communist Party soon gained sympathy and popularity.
 * Great Depression:Downfall of the American Economy and spread of Communism(New York Times)**
 * Thesis Statement:**Despite the economic boom, America experienced a huge downfall in the stock market which impacted the economy at a national level.

-Many of those who invested in the World Exchange Bank and the stock market lost lots of money and quickly in a day, $30 billion disappeared. -Not only money was lost, but many also lost their jobs, resulting in high unemployment over the world. -The Great Depression affected many adults, but also affected the kids as well with their education.
 * Closedown of the World Exchange Bank opens the gateway for worldwide Great Depression(International Herald Tribune)**
 * Thesis Statement:**America's hit by the Great Depression also impacted not only America, but the whole world.

__Station 3__

Since you were asked to write these articles as though the photos were taken NOW, your article should not be in the past tense. I'm assuming you took the notes for station 3? Fortunately, I am not grading them. 9/10

media type="file" key="9F Amy Han China.mov" width="300" height="300" Content is good, but organization is a bit chaotic. 9/10
 * 4/16/12 China Oral**

__ Station 1 __ There was an unrest in China and the major reason was due to control of foreign nations over their economy. China hoped to seek freedom from foreign power. China approached this plan by declaring war on Germany. However, there was a interruption with the plan of getting rid of foreign influence. The Treaty of Versailles made the parts of China that had been controlled by Germany to be handed over to Japan which made many people of China angry enough to rebel.
 * 4/12/12 The Chinese Revolution and The Japanese Imperialism**

__Station 2__ From early 1600s to the mid-1800s, Japan was virtually isolated. However, this changed in 1853 when Americans entered Japanese waters. A year later, in 1854, Japan decided to open up trade to the United States and with other European nations. The new treaties were signed by the shogun which upset many Japanese people. The Emperor Mutsuhito gained their support and overthrew the shogun. Then, during his reign of 45 years, the Meiji era came and during this era, the emperor wanted to change and modernize Japan. The emperor made great changed for the country. First, he sent government officials to Europe and America. He then modeled the government and the military after Germany's. Also, he adapted the American schooling system. After a few years of changing, the results were very enormous. The industrial economy of Japan equaled the powerful countries. Also, it was the strongest military power in Asia.
 * Beginning of Japan's modernization**

Now that the power of Japan was huge, it wanted to show the great power to others. First, when China broke an agreement, Japan went to war. Then Japan drove China out of Korea and gained taiwan and some other islands. Also, there was an Manchurian incident. Manchuria was located in Russia where the Japanese defeated Russians which was a big surprise to the world because Russia was considered to be greater than Japan. Lastly, Japan took complete control of Korea in 1910. [Map:Expanded territories of Japan]
 * Expansion of Territory**

As Japan continued its expansion of territories, it was hugely criticized by Western powers. However, Japan had justification for its Expansionism. Japan said there was a surplus amount of population tightly packed in a small country. In order to reduce the population from its country, Japan said there were only three ways to solve this. These solutions were emigration, advance into world markets, and expansion of territory. Out of these Japan explained the only way out of this was expansion of territory and not any other way. This was because first, if they chose to emigrate people, it said this would have been impossible because there were anti-Japanese immigration policies of other countries. Secondly, they could not advance into world markets either because they were shut off by tariff barriers and the abrogation of commercial treaties. Japan said if they did not want them to expand, they should open doors and permit free movement overseas of Japanse emigrants and merchandise.
 * Japan's Reasons Behind its Expansion of Territory**

__Station 3__ I think Mao and Stalin were identical as a national leader. Even Stalin pushed for Mao to become the leader of China because Stalin thought Mao was the most like him. They both worked for their personal goals which was to gain power. They also got rid of enemies in a horrendous way by torturing, capturing, sending to camps, and killing. For Stalin, he arrested every accused person and killed them or send them to camps where they were overworked until they died. Similarly, Mao, killed any person who was against his orders and also had a project that killed millions of people by overworking them or starving them. Even though I think those two leaders were similar, I think there was one part of Mao's rule that made him slight worse than Stalin. He had the Cultural Revolution that stripped every cultures in China. During this time, soldiers raided houses, burned books, tortured and killed many of the elites and power authorities in China, and etc. that made millions suffer.

Well done. 10/10

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 * 4/10/12 Russian Revolution Oral**

This was well done, Amy, though a little short? Remember that the "b" in the word "debt" is silent! 9.5/10

Task 1:Russia had a several reasons that lead itself to revolution. First, Russia had a rapid industrial growth which brought problems. The working conditions were poor, wages were low, and children were forced to work and revolutionary groups wanted to throw over the government. Secondly, Russian army killed hundreds of hungry workers who peacefully gathered to ask for relief. Lastly, a suffering in the World War I gave a final blow against the czar's rule.
 * 4/09/12 The Russian Revolution**

Task 2: media type="file" key="My Song 2 4.mp3" width="240" height="20" Task 3:

1. What is the message that this poster is trying to get out to the Russian people? This poster is trying to get the public of Russia to join the festival of labor. It is encouraging people to stand up for their nation in the revolution to bring the changes they have longed for. I also think suggested by the many people standing behind the man, is telling Russians to join in with them and be part of the cause.

2. Do you find this piece of propaganda to be compelling? Why or why not? I find this piece of propaganda to be compelling. There is a big man who seems to be a leader. There are lots people behind him that shows that he is a trustable leader. The people behind him makes me feel like I should be part of it too. It creates a nationalistic feelings, that if I do not join to make a change, that I would maybe regret it.
 * 4/05/12 Evaluating Decisions**
 * How did the Treaty of Versailles reflect the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I?**

First, the the series of peace proposals named Fourteen Points reflected America's president, Woodrow Wilson's hope for world peace. However, Britain and France was far away from peace. They wanted everything they can get from Germany as much as they can. This showed in the treaty where it punished Germany harshly. Germany lost territory, had restriction on military operations, and most importantly it had to admit the war was Germany's fault. The treaty showed how much the two countries, especially France was outraged at Germany's actions during the war. Also, since they decided to make Germany's countries mandates, this showed even though they wanted everything taken away from Germany, they didn't want another disputes to begin about land.


 * 3/07/12 Woman At War Todaysmeet Discussion**
 * Gloria, Ryan, Amy:[|Woman At War Discussion]**


 * 2/28/12**
 * Comparing Maps**
 * Why might Serbia have staked a claim to Bosnia and Herzegovina? Why might Russia have been interested in helping further that claim? Why would Germany and Austria-Hungary have resisted any moves for Bosnian (used to mean Bosnia and Herzegovina) secession from Austria-Hungary? **

Serbia might have staked a claim to Bosnia and Herzegovina because they consisted mostly of Slavic Population. Also, in Serbia, there was strong nationalism going on. Because they were two Balkan areas with large Slavic populations, Serbia might have felt nationalism to unite most Slavic populations. Russia might have been interested in helping further that claim because itself was mostly a slavic nation, it might have supported the Serbian nationalism also. Lastly, Germany and Austria-Hungary might have resisted any moves for Bosnian secession from Austria-Hungary because if they did that then there would be a new Slavic state and this would stir rebellion among the Slavic populations.

Your answers are correct, but are not in depth. Ask yourself "what else" to get to the deeper, more complete answers. 9/10

__**Nationalism**__
 * 2/17/12**

I think nationalism had a more positive impact on the world than it had negative impacts. First, it lead to the overthrow of colonial rule which made the people decide how they were governed. Before, everything were usually decided by the government. Also, there was an advance of technology and science due to the competition between nations that drove this. Even though some may argue that competition lead to warfare, throughout history, there always has been warfare among people and this cannot be stopped as long as the human nature stays the same. Also since people overcame differences for common good, this demolished many of the traditional classifications of social groups and many are allowed to work more equally. Even though the gaps of poor and rich are not completely decreased, the gap that was so wide has been reduced enough where they communicate with each other more, which will not lead to much conflicts.

Unification is when politically divided people are united. Separation is when the people of different culture try to separate. Lastly, State-Building is when people of different culture accepts one culture and becomes one state. I think during the rise of nationalism, the empires resisted being one state or tried to break away. They were groups of cultural distinction which might have conflicts each other and refused to be together in one state.
 * __Types of Nationalist Movements__**
 * 1. Using the table above, explain the characteristics of each type of Nationalistic movement in your own words.**
 * 2.** **What do you think would have happened to the empires (e.g. Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire) during the rise of nationalism?**

The symbol the cartoonist uses for the soon-to-be nation of Italy is the boot. Since in the map, the shape of Italy looks like a boot, this is what the cartoonist used. Garibaldi is portrayed as a man who is a lower class than the King and is helping the king put on his shoes. By the implication of he tile, the cartoonist's view was there that the unification will happen soon as the last part of the act is done which is to give Italy control of lands
 * __Key Skill: Analyzing Political Cartoons__**
 * 1. What symbol does the cartoonist use for the soon-to-be nation of Italy?**
 * 2. How is Garibaldi portrayed?**
 * 3. What does the title of the cartoon say about the cartoonist's view of Italian unification?**

The territories are not connected. One chunk of territory is to the west and one chunk of territory is to the east. However, in the middle of east and west in 1865, it is not a territory of Prussia yet. 1871 saw the biggest expansion of Prussian territory. The flag of Germany is ripped to show that Germany had been separated. However, the people holding hands in the middle indicated that everyone came together in Germany which shows unification.
 * __Case Study: Germany__**
 * 1.**
 * 2.**
 * a.what was unusual about the territory of Prussia as it existed in 1865?**
 * b. After 1865, what year saw the biggest expansion of Prussian territory?**
 * 3.**

What is the meaning of the three colors of the flag? You cannot use a symbol that has already been created, as your task was to create a meaningful nationalist symbol? Would a country really want to have a "rip" in its flag?

The third question of the cartoon is not well answered, and the other two are correct, but as the previous comment, incomplete. You can dig deeper, Amy!

18/20


 * 2/15/12 Case Study 1 Assessment**

__**Terms& Names**__ Sepoys were armies of native Indian troops were outraged at British because they felt that the British were violating their religious laws and customs.
 * 1. Sepoys**

This was the revolution by Sepoys in 1857 which changed Indian history as it was a start for nationalist movement.
 * 2. Sepoy Mutiny**

It was the political group that emerged from the first meeting of the Indian National Congres in 1885. In the beginning its members were concerned with equal rights for Indians.
 * 3. Congress Party**

He brought nationalistic ideas to the common people of India. Gandhi also believed in nonviolent protest and in brotherhood for all Indians. He played major role in securing independence.
 * 4. Mohandas K. Gandhi**

Jinnah was responsible for turning the Muslim League into a broad-based political party. He also believed that it was in the best interests of Muslims to work with Hindus for Indian nationalism.
 * 5. Muhammad Ali Jinnah**

__**Main Ideas**__ First, British military forces were technologically superior to the Indians. Then many Indian kingdoms were in power struggle which lead to chaos and this paved the way for British control. Next, the British were well organized and united in their goals, unlike the politically disorganized Indians. Lastly, the British brought political stability, an efficient government, and a system of law.
 * 1. What were four factors that contributed to Britain's conquest of India?**

The cause of the Sepoy Mutiny was due to religious reasons. They were angry at the British because they felt that the British were violating their religious laws and customs. The main result of this was the Indian Nationalist Movements begin.
 * 2. What was the cause of the Sepoy Mutiny and what was its main result?**

The groups that promoted the Indian independence were the Congress Party who demanded independence for a united India and the Muslim League who demanded a separate nation. There was also an idea of using a tactic called satyagraha by Gandhi.
 * 3. Which groups and ideas promoted the Indian independence?**

First is to live as simply as possible. Second is to be tolerant of the religious beliefs of others. Third is to devote one's life to the service of others. Fourth is to battle injustice but never by violence.
 * 4. What were the four general principles of Gandhi's philosophy?**

He asked for joint Congress-Muslim League governments, but later this was rejected and the clash between the two groups lead to the partition of India.
 * 5. What role did Jinnah play in the partition of India?**

__**Documents**__ B, C, E, and J are pro-British whereas A, D, F, G, H, I, J, K, and L are pro-Indian.
 * 6. Which of the documents are pro-British in nature? Which ones are pro-Indian?**

As number 15 in the Constitution of India states, "The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, **caste,** etc." The caste system which divided people up with social levels was not to be discriminated against which means a person who was considered to be the lowest of the caste would be treated equality. Also as number 17 states untouchability is abolished and people who offense this will be punished meaning the "untouchables", who are the lowest of the caste system, had equality now and they were not discriminated against. Lastly, number 16 said there would be equality of opportunity for **all** citizens which includes the lower classes implied by the **all** in the sentence.
 * 7. How would Indians in the lowest levels of their society benefit from India's Constitution as stated in Document H?**

As stated in C Primary Source by Sir Alfred Lyall as he predicts the British effects on Indian society, "..we are changing the habits of thought, the religious ideas, the moral level of the whole country.. we shall have conferred upon the indians great and permanent benefits, and shall have left a good name for ourselves in history. This shows that the British is changing every things they think and feel in the whole country. Another one is said in D Primary Source by an Indian peasant, "now the village life has been shadowed by all the miseries and inconveniences of the present day laws and regulations." This shows what the impacts of the British colonizations are to some peasants. As the Indian peasant observes the village, he describes that villagers are full of misery and inconvenience. Lastly, as said in F Primary Source, Gandhi states that "the British connection had made India more helpless that she ever was before, politically and economically." This shows a negative impact of British colonization that made India dependent by the British connection politically and economically.
 * 8. Using only the information contained in the documents, answer the following question: How would British colonization have a lasting impact on the people of India? Use examples from the documents to support your answer.**

__**Critical Thinking**__ First, there were differences in customs that divided Indian society from British society. The British who were in India during the years of the British rule, they tried to live exactly as they had lived in England which was they lived in luxury and did not socialize with Indians. Another cause was the British thought that the Indians were lower race and also thought that if the British mixed too much in Indian society, the Indians' confidence in British rule would be weakened.
 * 9. What were the causes of the cultural conflict between the British and the Indians?**

There were both the positives and negatives of British Rule in India. The positive effects of British rule is they helped them advance technology by bringing in advanced technology and organized their chaotic rule in India. They also made progress toward establishing democracy and modernizing its economy. However there were negative effects of British rule which are poverty and social inequality.
 * 10. Identify both positive and negative effects of British Rule in India.**

Gandhi's principles dealt with protesting unjust laws was to refuse to obey them. This was called nonviolent noncooperation and this would make it impossible for the government to function and its leaders would be forced to change their ways and this tactic was called satyagraha.
 * 11. How were Gandhi's four general principles effective in dealing with a much more powerful Great Britain?**

Muslims demanded a separate nation because there were disputes and conflicts between two religions. Also the gap between Hindus and Muslims widens. Later when the Congress Party, consisted of mostly Hindus, and the Muslim League, consisted of Muslims tried to work things out, it was not successful, which grew tension and made a demand for a separate nation.
 * 12. For what reasons did Muslims demand a separate nation?**

The colony of India broke up into four sparate nations because of frequent riots as the Hindus and Muslims living in the country battling each other. Then, the British decided that partition, the division of India into two separate nations, was needed.
 * 13. Why did the colony of India break up into four separate nations?**

20/20


 * 2/13/12**

__**Note taking from audio-visual sources**__

__China__ 1. Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?
 * 1)**
 * 2)**

This image is anti imperialism because there are people from all over the world with a imperialist status on their country. However, you can see that the face of China is very mad who is trying to stop them from taking their nation. If you see the knives on the dough with the world CHINE, meaning China, it shows all different parts of the world are trying to take over China to modernize them. However, as you can tell by the expression, China is refusing completely to become what they told them to. However, since the knives are already in the dough, they can' t really stop other countries from trading.

2. What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations?

As mentioned above, it definitely shows that China does not want any foreign people in its land. However, as seen by the directions the foreign people are looking towards at, it shows they don't care much about what China thinks but what matters to them is what they get.

3. What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists?

The imperialists are lacking concern and care towards China for all they care is only about the materials or lands they are getting from China.

4. What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism?

The message is that only the imperialists are getting the benefits, whereas poor China does not have much attention by them who should be giving them full attention because its their resources being cost and given to them. However, it shows China is only being angry at them to "stop" however, it is not powerful enough to win the powers so it cannot do much to stop this.

__Japan__

1. Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?

This image is anti imperialism because it is not showing a good side of Japan's Imperialism towards Korea. It is not giving care or attention, but they just completely ignored Korea's offering. Even though Korea had given permission to Japan, it simply stepped on Korea to get to China. Japan did not see Korea as being helpful except for only a way to cross over to just to get to China.

2. What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations?

As the "Man China" shows on the picket, Korea is just shown as a land being stepped on. Along Japan's way to China, Korea is treated brutally implied by the foot over the body and on the face. The expression of the Korean guy seems painful which might have been the faces of Korea at the time.

3. What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists?

This just shows Japanese people do not even care if the land is Korean's territory. Japan is not even bothered by the fact that they should have permission to go over Korean's territory. They don't care about any of this because their only goal is to take over Korea to get to China.

4. What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism?

The message is, Japan does not worry about anyone getting hurt. It will do anything to get what they want and to achieve its goals, even if its acting cruel and sabotaging native people.

__America__

1. Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?

This image is pro imperialism because as implied by the sun behind, it shows the imperialism of America to be a good one. It shows American's pride by putting American's symbol the bald eagle at the center of the world.

2. What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations?

It is implied that the countries are smaller than them in both size and power compared to the U.S.

3. What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists?

The bald eagle looking over the world like a sun with its wings shows it is caring of the countries that are imperialized under U.S. because the sun is supposed to be characterized of being nurturing.

4. What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism?

This shows America as superior. However, even though its imperializing countries, the author seems to show that the U.S. is polite and nice towards them.

__**Economic Imperialism**__

1)Feudalism and mercantilism were two economic systems that preceded capitalism. Review and summarize (in your own words) how they generated wealth. How does capitalism DIFFER from these two systems?

First, capitalism came after industrialization and feudalism and mercantilism came before. Also, feudalism earned wealth through agriculture and mercantilism through trading with others. However, capitalism was different it earned wealth after industrialization through improved tools and through free market, the "lassiez faire" which earns wealth through the demands of people, able to get what they want.

2) According to this lecturer, what forces drive capitalism?

According to the lecturer, violence, market, fossil fuel, innovation, creativity, labor, resources, and productivity drives capitalism.

Still seems that you need to work on interpreting political cartoons. Your definitions of feudalism and mercantilism are not clear and so do not show the difference between them and capitalism. 17/20


 * 2/10/12 Tasks**


 * Task 1:**
 * This conversation was with my partner, Patricia Koo.**


 * Task 2:**
 * 1) Which countries controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914?**

The British and the French controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914.


 * 2)Why do you think these countries had the largest area of Africa?**

I think these countries had the largest area of Africa because, they were one of the dominant powers during the time. I also think since they were close to Africa, it might have been easier to take over with their already huge power.

__long term impacts of Colonization:__ -debt for Africa -loss of culture, heritage, and independence -rebels, or terrorists were formed to go against the government -many cilvil wars or internal conflict
 * Task 3:**

-The Berlin Conference was where the great European powers, France, Great Britain, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, and Spain, and the United States met in Berlin to divide the African continent into colonial holdings.
 * Task 4:**
 * 1) What was the Berlin Conference?**

-First, any sovereign power that wanted to claim any territory should inform the other powers. Second, any such annexation should be validated by effective occupation. Third, treaties with African rulers were to be considered a valid title to sovereignty.
 * 2)what were the three outcomes of the conference?**

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?
 * Task 5:**
 * Analyzing Political Cartoons-**
 * 1.**

This image is pro imperialism. I can tell this by the man reaching over the the continent of Africa. The side the man is on is extending to Europe meaning he is a European trying to take all of Africa and their resources. You can tell this because his arms is all the way over the continent of Africa and the caption with the words 'Gold Fields' imply their resources and since there is the European's arm over it, this is saying they are trying to take it from the land.

2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations?

Africans in this illustration is shown as being easily perceived and controlled by the Europeans. They are just considered nothing more than of just a source for natural resources and materials. They are also just seen as a profit to be earned.

3) What views are being communicated about the British/Americans in their role as imperialists?

Their roles as imperialists are communicated as a powerful controller. They are taking and having a rule over Africa and are just being greedy and possessive over the materials in Africa for their own benefits.

4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism?

This is showing the benefits for the Europeans and costs to Africans due to Imperialism. While the Europeans are benefiting from Africa's land, resources, people, and etc., Africans are suffering due to being imperialized and being oppressed while the selfish hands of Europe is taking everything of theirs.

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?
 * 2.**

This image is pro imperialism. I know because this image shows little African kids following the white man. It is as if they are guided by the white man. It seems like the white man is trying to guide them to a "civilized" way of life. Also, by seeing that the white guy is on the middle this shows the pride of being a Englishmen and also proud to be leading them into a "better" way of life.

2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations?

Africans here are shown as being ignorant and the ones who need to be guided to the "better" and "bright" life. It also shows that Africans are not superior than the Imperialist.

3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists?

In this image, the Imperialist is shown as being superior and better than the Africans. It shows their role is to teach, pull, and guide Africans to the "right" direction. They are also heading towards the light meaning the Imperialist also has the duty to lead them to the light and out of the darkness.

4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//OR//__ costs of imperialism?

The message that is conveyed by the author is the benefit of the imperialism. It is supposed to be a benefit for the Africans because they will be in a better situation than before because they were going to be guided by the Imperialist. Now, they were going to have a life of a higher quality do to this.

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?
 * 3.**

This image is anti imperialism. I know because the snake is being described as a Imperialist because the animal has the crown on. The expression on the snake is very angry and what it is doing to the African is choking. So, first of all it is a negative picture of the Imperialist trying to choke and wrap up all around the African. The imperialist is shown as a oppressive cruel dominator oppressing them with force and violence.

2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations?

Africans in this particular illustration is shown as being dominated by the brutal Imperialist. The Africans are being harassed and tormented by the evil Imperialist. It shows Africans being a target to the rule of Imperialist.

3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists?

It shows the Imperialist as a nefarious dominator over the Africans. In this image, they are portrayed as being evil and malicious who is abusing them.

4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//OR//__ costs of imperialism?

The message conveyed here is that the African is being mercilessly tortured by the Imperialists and is hard for them to live like this because the Imperialists are always wrapping around their body. This shows, the Imperialists are giving the Africans challenges to live well and they are bothering them.


 * 4.**

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?

This image is pro imperialism. I know this because as the captions on this image probably tell us, they say Imperialism in a good way. It shows if you just follow and listen to what the Imperialists are doing for you, then you will be able to live a happy and wonderful life.

2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations?

African and Asians here in this image are shown as obeying well to the Imperialists. They are listening to the Imperialists very well and they all have happy expressions on their face as if what the Imperialists were doing were the best they could ever get.

3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists?

This shows that Imperialists are just here to help the Africans and Asians out. Just by being obedient, then you will be able to live a marvelous and an amazing lifestyle in the "civilized" world but only if you listen to the words by them.

4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism?

The message is of a positive one. It shows Imperialism as a good thing and something that would make you feel jealous or if you were imperialized, will be great.


 * 5.**

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?

This image is anti imperialism because in the image, by showing actions of both white and black to show how there is racism going on. It shows the white "teacher" is just making the "students" feel scared and some have frowning expressions looking as if he was forced to listen to this and is unsatisfied. However, at the background they show people of white with calm expressions looking as if they had no trouble to live with.

2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations?

Africans here are being treated unfairly. They are supposed to just listen to the Imperialists even though they might not want to and some Africans are used as a slave in the background which show the Africans are not being treated equally because in the image, the white people in the background, they are not doing anything and their faces don't look like they are being threatened meaning the

3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists?

It shows the Imperialists serious and threatening. Also they are forceful, demanding, and dominant in the way they treat the imperialized.

4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism?

The message is that Imperialism just produces racism and does not bring equality together at all. Also, all the Imperialists is even though they teach, they teach intimidatingly, well at least to the African "students". Also there is a black worker cleaning the window when no white person is doing any labor which does not show equality at all.


 * 6.**

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?

This image is anti imperialism because as the Imperialists characterized as the crow, they are describing it as threatening. Also, its looking over the colony looking eager to catch something, but many of the villagers are going to feel intimidated and under watch.

2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations?

Africans look like easily to be perceived because the crow is way up there secretly looking down upon them. They look innocuous in the image, and they have no idea what is going on.

3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists?

It shows the selfishness of the Imperialists. The crow is looking down secretly waiting to catch something and take anything that might be of valuable source or to even find labor among the people in the image even though it is not theirs.

4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism?

The message that is conveying is that the Africans are unaware of whats surrounding them but, since the Imperialists are in a "upper" level than them, they just look down among them and secretly hunt for things they need.


 * 7.**

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?

This image is anti imperialism because as the woman with justice is trying to tell the man, the Imperialist, what he has done, but he is not even caring and still looking at the map, maybe to find more necessities and be greedy. However, the man is totally ignoring the many dead Africans caused by him.

2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations?

Africans are shown as a sacrifice due to the Imperialists. They are just the results of the greedy Imperialists trying to take everything and treating them harshly.

3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists?

Imperialists do not seem to be concerned with the dead people. Even though the lady of justice is trying to convey what he has done, he is looking toward the map thinking what to take from there possibly.

4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism?

The author is saying Imperialism is brought by the lack of care by the Imperialists and the costs are lives of many African people becoming dead. However, soon justice will play a role in convincing the Imperialists that tell them what they have done.

Some cartoons are misunderstood. 28/30

__**Darwin Excerpts Document Based Question**__
 * 2/08/12**
 * Do Darwin's theories apply to culture and society?** **Why or why not? Use the excerpts above and strong examples to support your points.**

Yes, Darwin's theories apply to culture and society. First, the struggle for existence and life is what happens in culture and society all the time. As Darwin stated the struggle will generally be more severe between species of the same genus, when they come into competition with each other and this shows the same thing for countries also, as there are more countries with the same things they will continue on to struggle and compete against each other to be better than each other, or at least survive. Also, the idea of natural selection applies to cultures and societies as well. This principle is based on survival of the fittest. This is very true for the world. Even though as time changes, and the conditions change, however, if a few are the fittest of all they have a chance to survive in this new environment while the people who are not fit cannot survive. Also Darwin stated the distinguishing varieties of the same species, steadily tend to increase, till they equal the greater differences between species of the same genus will steadily increase, until they equal the greater differences between species of the same genus, or even of distinct genera which is directly relevant to the world because as societies survive to be better, or to at least survive, they will become more same with each other in order to compete against and the gap of differences will tend to fade away.

__**Imperialism in the Modern Age Chart**__

Are these reasons or justifications? Do you really think that only the strongest people or nations survive? 9/10


 * 2/06/12 The White Man's Burden Questions**
 * 1. What is "The White Man's Burden" based on Rudyard Kipling's description in this poem?**

Based on Rudyard Kipling's description in this poem, the white man's burden is for white man in the U.S. to take up duty and obligation to take over an uncivilized country, which in this case, the Philippine Islands, and rule it to make it a civilized and a developed country. This is saying that the better and advanced country has a responsibility to dominate over the weaker and uncivilized country to advance them. Being the superior country they are, they have to take on to be in charge of undeveloped countries. However, this description of taking in charge to help the countries be civilized is said in a negative way for it says it is a "burden".


 * 2. Do you agree or disagree with Kipling's characterization? Why or why not?**

I disagree with Kipling's characterization. His characterization was saying the better has the power to dominate and rule over a country just because they are not civilized yet. However, just because they are not civilized it does not mean a country has the authority to have a control over a country without their say. If they said they could control them to help them or at least ask for help, then the U.S. has the right to go on ahead with what they are doing. I think, maybe, they were undeveloped because they were not ready yet. So, in conclusion, I think America nor any other country has a rule over any other country only due to being in a higher level.


 * 3.What does this say about the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800-early 1900's? Use specific examples from the poems.**

This poems says the attitude of Europeans and Americans were they were better and superior then the rest of the yet undeveloped world. They just saw it as a duty, or a "burden" they carried on to make the situation of a country better. They totally looked down on rest of the world as if they were in desperate need of their help to become like them. The whole tone of this poem just implies their proudness and arrogance to other parts of the world.


 * 4. Is KIS an example of "The White Man's Burden" in modern Korean society? Why or why not?**

No, I do not think KIS is an example of "The White Man's Burden" in modern Korean society. So far, I don't think nor saw anyone "dominating" anyone. I also have not seen yet anyone ruling over anyone else just because they were "superior" then everyone else in this school. Also, this school might have been an example but, even thought their are diversity of people, other than Korean, everyone is mostly fair and just with everyone they encounter.

10/10


 * 2/02/12 Document-Based Questions**
 * Why would Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels disagree about the effects of industrialization?**

Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels would definitely disagree about the effects of industrialization due to the different views because Carnegie sees this as a positive while Engels does not. Carnegie believes industrialization will return capitals for manufacturers and the abundance of products can be exported with advantage. He also seeks advantages for America as it will make it the best and will soon outsell the foreign producer. However, Engels believe the poor is not cared about in the industrialized world. Also, even though the poor may find a job, the wages are very low but if they do not find an employment, they will just be wandering in the cities dying of hunger or could be stealing which they could be caught one day.


 * What might be reasons for 16-year old Mary Paul's satisfaction with her job and life in Lowell?**

Maybe Mary Paul worked in the Industrialization Era where the reforms were already made by the Union in Lowell. So in effect, she got the benefits of later newly reformed industrialization which was reduced amount of working time, better working conditions, and with a higher pay which might have satisfied the people including her in Lowell.

-This political cartoon by Walter crane might be useful in getting workers to rally because they could see how devilish and harmful capitalism is. In the cartoon, it is shown as it abusing the laborers in the industrialized world created by the capitalism. Then when many people will see this and many will be angry, but at the same time, they will see the angel, socialism, and they can start to rally capitalism and support absocialism instead of capitalism.
 * Why might the political cartoon by Walter Crane be useful in getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism?**

10/10


 * 1/31/12 Communism Questions**
 * Would Marx have agree that these countries were "communist"? **

Marx would not have agreed that these countries were communist. Marx's idea of communism was a perfect world where every one was equal. However, in most countries that are communist, there is a big gap between the rich and the poor. Not everyone is getting the same equal amount of money and the rich is getting richer and the poor is getting poorer which means the biggest idea for communism, equality, is not established. Secondly, Marx also wanted a nation where there was no government controlling and was governed by the people. Nonetheless, the present communist countries have a government dictating and a big social gap. In conclusion, Marx would have totally been unsatisfied by what is going on these countries nowadays.


 * What has happened to the "communist" world? **

The number of communist world these days have been decreasing. The number of these worlds that are present are very few at this moment in time. Many parts of the world are not communist or few of them that are communist currently, they are becoming a different type of government other than communists.


 * Why do you think this has happened? **

I think this happened due to the real world and its realities. This perfect idea of everyone being equal just did not work out the way it was supposed to. Instead, there is more gap between the poor and the rich due to the dictatorship in most communist countries. Then some countries might have found out that this type of governing was not the best for its country.


 * What do you think of the idea that the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world never materialized because of the Union movement ** ** and reform laws? **

I think not even the Union movement will make the gap between the rich and poor not be there because no matter what, there will be a gap between the rich and poor. However, the Union movement and the reformed laws might help the gap between them reduce but not completely disappear because there are aspiration for all people to be the best at what they are and to get the best stuff available, there are always going to be imbalance and differences in the world.

// The Industrial Revolution, and the urbanization that accompanied it, have been described as a mixed blessing. To what extent to you agree with this statement? // -I agree with this statement because the Industrial Revolution had the positive and negative sides to the revolution. Beginning of the Industrial Revolution, there had been problem with the abrupt change to the society. Also there had been child labor, poverty, growth of class tensions, and many more. However, there was also a positive side. First, this created many jobs for workers. Then, this developed progress for technology and inventions. Lastly, as time passed by there had been higher wages, better working condition, and shorter working time. So in the end, the Industrial Revolution turned out to be more beneficial than harmful.
 * 1/25/12 Question**

First, I felt dismayed and shocked at the same time as I saw the pictures and the descriptions. My first thought was how could they let children work at the age they did because at their age in the 21st century, they should be and most of them would be playing ,studying or having their time. However, they were worked for in the cramped industries for very low salaries. Also, they were often abused which left me speechless. How are they allowed to beat them if they do not even provide them with the least possible suitable condition for them to stay at and given enough salaries. Even if they are given those conditions, whether they are adults or children, no one should be abused. Nonetheless, this was only the beginning to my shock. I am amazed at how long it took for people to get rid of child labor. It took more than a century to pass and actually enforce the laws. However, at the end I was very glad that the children spoke up for themselves to stop the child slavery brought mostly by the industrial revolution.
 * 1/24/12 Photo Essay**

First, I drew a picture of revolutionary that is killed by a gun but I put an arrow sign across the drawing with another picture of the revolutionary being alive, this all means even though the man's body is killed, his minds are not.
 * 11/25/11 Image explanation for quotation**

media type="custom" key="11333490"
 * 11/17/11 Glogster**

Questions: (Decide whether each should be answered as a sentence or as a paragraph) 1) What is absolutism? Absolutism is a theory about kingship where monarch rules a concentrated state with absolute rule as a representative of God.
 * 11/12/11 Absolutism Questions**

2) Explain the justification for absolutism referred to as the 'divine right of kings'. -The divine right of kings is the one important rule given to the monarchs. Divine right of kings is an authority given to monarchs directly from God. According to this, monarch's decision meant the decision of God. This meant, if you disagreed or challenged the monarch, this was doing unto God himself. This theory also meant it could be used to maintain order among society. This was what Thomas Hobbes said believing, this will organize the disorderly society. The divine right of kings gave the monarchs total power in which they had power to control and manage everything in the state.

3) List the causes of the rise of Absolutism in Europe. -Absolutism was caused by many events in Europe. Absolutism is where the monarch had total power. First, practical considerations gave a contribution in the rise also. After the 14th century, people were in need of a strong monarch to rule to restore order from chaos. Then by this, to establish control, monarchs needed a bureaucracy. Bureaucracy were responsible for collecting taxes, enforcing law, and gathering information and with this, monarchs were able to form large armies, which strengthened their power. Also, during the 15th century, mercantile gave a rise to Absolutism. Mercantile had gained a unimaginably wealth in which to maintain their prosperity, monarchs regulated all parts of economy and industry and built navies to protect their trade. These were the key occurrences that gave a strong push into the rise of Absolutism in Europe.

4) Explain briefly how absolutism developed in Spain, France, England, Russia
 * Spain**-Absolutism development in Spain dynastic marriages that increased the territorial holdings of the Habsburg royal family.
 * French**-Absolutism rose in France when aristocrats rebelled and when King Louis XIV was willed to suppress the nobles, he took control in 1861.
 * England**-The rise of Absolutism was different in England as it was caused by the Tudor dynasty in which they worked with the British Parliament and used it to improve their power and lives of their countrymen.
 * Russia**- In Russia, Absolutism had already existed during the reign of Ivan III in the 15th century but as the ascendent, Peter I fought many wars, expanded Russia improved the nation's industries, and reorganized the army, he suppressed the power of the Church.

media type="youtube" key="hmRtCFhp4mY" height="315" width="560"
 * 11/10/11 Speed dating-**
 * philosophe:Adam Smith-**


 * 11/8/11 Cornell notes p.195-200-**


 * 10/28/11** **port 4-**

__APPARTS for edicts for 1635 ordering the closing of Japan__
 * Author:** The creator of this source is Tokugawa Shogunate. I know he is one of the three unifiers of Japan. The author's view was to create a disciplined society to the disorderly Japan.


 * Place and Time:** The source was produced in Japan during the year of 1635. This affects the meaning of source because it affects the background knowledge of the year 1635, the year it was created. Background knowledge of the year 1635 in Japan helps the reader to better comprehend why the source was created.


 * Prior Knowledge:** I know this was the time when the ruler, Toyotomi Hideyoshi had died and this was the time of chaos and there was need for order and peace in Japan.


 * Audience:** The source was created for the officials that were administrating the port of Nagasaki, the site where many of the foreign contacts were made.


 * Reason:** This source was produced at the time to bring chaotic Japan to an orderly society. To pacify Japan, the edict was produced to stop any international contact that might arise any possible conflict.


 * The Main Idea:**The source is trying to convey no possible source of any contact is allowed unless approved or told so by the official of Japan. Also, if this is ignored, the person who went against the order will have serious punishment.


 * Significance:**This source is important because this source describes how Japan was isolated from the rest of the world for centuries and made them to fall behind the world also. This also depicts the reason of the shogunate's mind on isolating Japan.

__Video Questions & Answers__ 1) Who was "the Bald Rat"? The "Bald Rat" was Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the ruler of Japan who brought unity to Japan. 2) Where did Japan hope to build its empire? Japan hoped to build its empire in China as soon as Japan conquered them. 3) What stopped it from building its empire as planned? Their plan of capturing Korea and then attacking China had failed as Korea attacked back with their strong navy ships. 4) Why didn't they try again? -As soon as the ruler died, Japan was left in a chaos as no families were left behind to rule. So, the shogunate decided to take over and isolate Japan from the contact with the rest of the world.

__APPARTS for Qianlong__
 * Author:** The source was created by the emperor of Qianlong. The author's point of view looks down on Europe still thinking they are mighty and superior few centuries ago.


 * Place and Time:** The source was produced in the year of 1793 in China. This tells even during the late 18th century, China still thinks they are the highest in rank of the world.


 * Prior Knowledge:** I know China few centuries ago, used to be the best at everything and was the basic root of what everyone based their invention and research on. However, suddenly as China spent hundreds of years isolated, the empire started to change and fall behind other countries.

The source was created for Europeans to reply back to their offerings. It was created to outline the thinking of the emperor in China during the time of what China still thought about Europe.
 * Audience:** For whom was the source created and how might this affect the reliability of the source?


 * Reason:** This source was produced to make Europeans comprehend of what China thought of them and their actions. China, still in their pride, thought lowly of Europeans and thought it was rude for them to ask and offer gifts when China never asked them for to.


 * The Main Idea:** The main idea is that China, even though many times have passed, they did not recognize their place in the world now, particulary Europe, were full of conceitedness, arrogance and looked down on them when Europe was more developed than China. This conveys China had been isolated for a long time, so they do not know the power of Europeans yet.


 * Significance:** This source is significant because this is a primary source that tells and shows the Chinese' thoughts during the late 18th century of Europe and themselves. I can infer China may have been superior in their time of Golden Ages, but can sense how long they were separated from the world since they did recognize who the major power was.

media type="file" key="Movie on 2011-10-21 at 18.28.mov" width="300" height="300" **Port #1:** Cornell notes (pg 92- 101)
 * Project: Ports of Call (Amy Han and Patricia Koo) Due 10/26/11**
 * pledge:**
 * a. Explorer's journal:**

Many rewards were presented during the time of exploring outside of the boundaries for new lands. This was the time in Europe where open mind came about and people were ready to venture beyond the border and find new territories for their empire. First, by doing this, you earned money, gold or any object of great value. This was important since this was one of the many reasons why people went to explore even if it was danger. Next, you gained much fame if the exploration was successful. Even though the adventure might not have been successful, many people explored just for the adventure and the excitement of it. Due to open mind caused by Renaissance, many people were persuaded to go venture for the fun of itself, finding new lands and meeting new possibilities. Whether or not the exploration might have been successful, different people received worthy prizes that satisfied their heart.
 * b. The Age of Exploration**
 * What possible rewards might come from exploring the seas for new lands?

Despite the excitement of the voyage, it is very dangerous to go a new place that is unheard of. On a journey where it is unexplored or not very familiar, it is often very perilous, for many dangers and risks are faced. One of the biggest risks is that the area unknown does not have any information of climate. So, if the weather where you came from was warm and the unknown place was cold, then all the crew are not prepared for the climate and would be hard to stay there and explore. Another one as important is the chance of meeting unfamiliar people that are extremely unfriendly or harsh. This is hugely dangerous since those people might attack you or anything harmful. Lastly, there might be different resources. This might not sound harmful, but if there are certain plants or fruits that are poisonous and if someone touches or eats it, the result may be fatal. Also if the unknown area was a place of scarce water, many crews would not survive against it. Even though the daring adventure is thrilling, there are many risks following it and should be ready to prepare for it.
 * What are the risks involved in embarking on a voyage into the unknown?

As exploring, if you find a new land, there is high possibility of meeting new people. When meeting with new people, first impression is a source people usually depend on to judge if the person might be dangerous or not and peace is important in maintaining balance between two different cultures. First, it is crucial to be friendly to whom you have never met before. This is important because if you are unfriendly to someone who you have never seen, they are going to feel angry in addition to the feeling of insecurity when they first see someone which would stir up tension. Then, if you got a little close to them, you would trade goods that might be new to the natives of the new land. This would help them comprehend how you mean no harm and meant to come to visit and this action would ease them up also with curiosity that would help become closer between two person. After feeling close enough to communicate, we both can get to know each other’s culture and way of living. By learning each other’s different culture, you can feel a special bond between each other later on, by learning from them and them learning from you which would be beneficial to each other that causes appreciation meaning trust is increased. The actions and efforts would be best to direct it towards both cultures benefitting from each other which would reduce tension but increase unity.
 * What will you do if you actually run into other people?

What is it? & How is it used?: Astrolabe is an archaic astronomical instrument for solving problems relating to time and the position of the Sun and the stars in the sky. Astrolabes are used to calculate the latitude and the location of stars. The device is also used during the day/night for finding the time of a celestial event. The way to use an astrolabe is by drawing the sky on the face of the astrolabe, so that the positions of the stars in the sky are easy to find. You adjust the movable components to a specific date and time. Once set, much of the sky is represented on the face of the instrument. This allows a great many astronomical problems to be solved in a very visual way.
 * c. Astrolabe** |ˈastrəˌlāb|:

a. [| image of Astrolabe] b. Description: MWH pg. 96, []
 * Citation: **

**Port #2:** a. The map is in a hard copy b.

a. The Great Expeditions (map) Columbus:[|Columbus' Route] Hudson: [|Hudson's Route] Cabot: [|Cabot's Route] b.Port 2 Chart Columbus:textbook p.119-120 Hudson:[] Cabot:[] **Port #3:** a. journal of Atlantic Slave Trade The idea of African slavery mainly came from the Europeans' idea the Black people are inferior than other people in the world. Africans were unfortunate at this time period because of what Europeans who were considered the greatest had thought toward them. Many different factors (in Europeans' views) also made Africans efficient to be enslaved for America. In this time period, the causes of African slavery was a high demand for cheap labor. What made them insignificant to be slaves and not others? Europeans believed that they were immune to European diseases, they were skilled to agricultural method, they were not likely to escape in the land they are unfamiliar with, and if they did escape their skin color would make it easier to catch them. All of these factors worked against the African's justice.
 * Citation:**
 * Identify the causes of African slavery.

Triangular Trade Route was a trading route between Europe, Africa, and West Indies importing and exporting goods or slaves with one another. Europe mostly brought manufactured goods which were traded by African slaves. The slaves then were sold to the West Indies in return of other goods such as sugar, coffee, and tobacco that was sold to European citizens. Triangular Trade Route was a trading route between Europe, Africa, and West Indies. This route imported and exported goods or slaves with one another. Europe brought Manufactured goods which were traded by Africans for African slaves. These enslaved Africans were then forced shipped to the West Indies as laborers. In return, Europeans received many goods produced from the West Indies. The goods produced from the West Indies included sugar, coffee, and tobacco were recognized very valuable. in Europe. Even though Europeans had imported many goods, they maintained a good balance of favorable trading system and was able to obtain wealth from this. The Triangular Trade Route produced Europeans wealth, not so much help for the Africans but they still experienced with new goods, and most of all, enslaved Africans laboring for the West Indies. In Africa, their families were forced separated. However, in America they were able to influence the American societies with their cultural food, art, religion, and music. Slave trades had influenced conditions of both Africa and America. The biggest changes made in both of the countries was the population, while America mostly benefited from the trades. Africa lost a big portion of their citizens and numerous cultures lost influential people in their generation. Unfortunately Europeans also introduced the usage of guns to Africans. On the other hand, American population has increased as captured Africans roamed the farms of America as laborers. These Africans were able to influence the American societies with their cultural food, art, religion and music. We can see that a big number of Africans affected the population of America, because even in modern days the rate of numbers of African Americans whose ancestors presumably came from Africa in the past is high. Changes in societies and the power to influence these societies come from different people who have their own cultures.
 * Explain the Triangular Trade Route.
 * Identify the consequences of the slave trade.

b. Cornell notes here (pgs. 137- 141)

9/22/11 **China's Age of Exploration II** Image #1) I see countries with different population for Muslims. I also see these countries are where Zhu Di had traveled on his voyage. I infer since Zhu Di was also a Muslim, he might have influenced and spread the religion more across different countries as he was visiting each of them, then this religion spread far out eventually.

Image #2) I see the voyage route that Zhu Di set to explore. These routes were made so that he can find countries that might have any special items that seems valuable so he can add more countries to the tribute system and find his cousin. I see how long he had emptied his city to explore and how much time he devoted and how much he traveled into finding another country for the tribute system. This map shows his 7 voyages made before coming back to China and experiencing terrible disasters.

9/20/11 **SEE, THINK, WONDER** Picture #1**)** **I see** a young, naked man on the left sitting calmly on a rock and the old man on the right inside of some type of cloth who is surrounded by women are reaching each other.
 * I think** the old man is trying to call the young man to join where he is but the young man seems relaxed about it.
 * I wonder** if something will happen when both of their hands touch each others.

Picture #2)
 * I see** two index fingers about to reach others fingers and can also see the paper which is drawn on is torn.
 * I think** this was from a long time ago since there are torn marks on the paper.
 * I wonder** if this had been drawn by a different person than the one drawn in picture #1 because by looking at the hands contour and location on both drawings, the hands look very similar to each other.

9/05/11 Picture of the ship: I think in the picture, the boat was painted in gold to show the "golden" age of China. Also the size of China's ship is way bigger and larger than the Santa Maria in comparison, meaning China was more advanced and ahead of constructing.

Picture of Map: I see a lot of countries that were invited which meant more work for Zhu Di to navigate his ships and visit them one by one.

Q:Read the first paragraph of p. 45 Use this map, and the one in MWH p35, to identify where "the Holy Roman Emperor, the Emperor of Byzantium (also called Constantinople), the Doge (ruler) of Venice, and the kings of England, France, Castille and Portugal" would have come from had they been invited to Beijing on 2 February 1421. A:the Holy Roman Emperor would come from the German Empire, the Emperor of Byzantium would come from the Roman Empire, the Doge of Venice would come from south of the German Kingdom, east of Milan, and north of Kingdom of Naples, and the king of England would come from the Kingdom of England, the king of France would come from the Kingdom of France, and king of Castille would come from the Kingdom of Castile and lastly the king of Portugal would come from the Kingdom of Portugal.

Picture of the Map of China: This map is of China from the past to the present. This map shows the dynasties that contributed to making this great China and can see the qing's dynasty contributed most land to form the present China. Q:Through what MODERN countries did the silk roads go? A:The silk roads went to China, India, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Iraq.

Picture of the Silk Route: I think the silk road was the main key for China's Empire because since this road reached diversity of cities and countries, many people were able to share ideas and make China grow.

Picture of population in Europe: There are many number of people in Europe but since the new walled capital was housing fifty times the population, you can determine how big China grew in terms of size and population.

Picture of Beijing City Wall: This is the picture of the imperial city during the time of Zhu Di and the imperial capital was a divided city. The Inner wall was where the eunuchs were and the outer wall was where the mandarins were.

Q:Compare this map of the great walled capital Zhu Di built, to this map of modern China. The Forbidden City is now the Palace Museum, and is located at the centre of the map below: A:The map of modern China is more complicated than the on Zhu Di built and since the importance of the forbidden city is great, either modern or past the forbidden city is located at the center.

Q:On p. 54, Menzies writes that Zhu Di extended the Great Wall (which is actually many separate sections of wall created over hundreds of years) from 5,000 kms to 6,400 kms. You'll notice, that doesn't mean that the wall was 6,400 kms long. If it WAS, where would it reach, if it began at the Yalu River? Use the map in MWH Atlas p A18-19 to estimate where you would end up if the wall really extended 6,400 kms due west of Beijing. A:I estimate that the wall would end up somewhere near to the edge of Kazakhstan if it extend 6,400 kms due west of Beijing.

Picture of the Great Wall: I see the Great Wall was not made to be connected. I think the emperors from the dynasties only made the walls to protect what was only important to their dynasty.

Picture of the Prime Meridian: Even though science was not developed at the time, Zhu Di was very interested in anatomy, so he knew the concept of the prime meridian and since he was proud of his imperial city, Beijing, he wanted the 0 degree to be Beijing.

Picture of the grand canal: The Grand Canal was one of his great accomplishments made. This was made because of the famine while building the Great Wall. This took many time and effort and many laborers to achieve of making this.

9/02/11 First the Islamic world was first under Muhammad and then the territories start to add by the caliphs. Then, later on, the Islamic World was divided and ruled by different Kingdoms and Empires.

8/25/11

**Family History Assignment** (8/24/11)
 * Event:** The year my dad got a Doctor's Degree in University of Missouri in 1984 to become a professor.

➩My dad had never been to a foreign country in his life until he went to America to get his Master's Degree to pursue the dreams of becoming a professor in Korea and study freely. My dad went to the States as soon as my dad got married with my mom. My mom went with him to the U.S. supporting my dad of getting a Ph.D. Then after hard years passed by the year of 1984, the year of his graduation came. My dad got his Master's Degree with great satisfaction of achievement and took the graduation photo with his gown and cap on with pride.
 * Written recount of the event-**

1.Written Source Outside cover- Content- ➩ This certificate of my dad's Doctor's Degree is a primary source because this document states the year of his graduation, and this Ph.D. is only given out at the day of graduation. This Master's Degree is significant because this document is a legal evidence of my dad's effort and accomplishment. Even though my dad had graduated from Yonsei University, he did not stop there and went to strive for more and studied to get a Master's Degree to become a professor in Korea. He had to go through the frustration and the barrier of being a different race from most people and speaking a different language. Despite all the difficulties, my dad overcame the obstacles and accomplished what he had aimed for.

2.Unwritten Source ➩ This photo is a primary source because the photo was taken at the very day when my dad got his Doctor's Degree. This photo is significant because the gown and cap symbolizes that he fulfilled his objective of getting a Doctor's Degree.

3.Oral Source (Interview) media type="youtube" key="yONDGMTCvnQ?hl=en" height="349" width="425" ➩This is a secondary source because it is a retelling of the event by my dad. This interview answers the questions why he chose to get a Master's Degree and how he felt when he got it.



Compare this map of the great walled capital Zhu Di built, to this map of modern China. The Forbidden City is now the Palace Museum, and is located at the centre of the map below: