Mina's+World


 * __Class 50__**
 * __2012.5.25th__**
 * __Class Work, Time Line__**

My partner for this assignment is Erin Kong.

**Time Line**
1979 December - Soviet Red Army invades communist government.

1985 - Mujahideen come together in Pakistan to form alliance against Soviet forces. Many fleed to neighbouring countries (Iran, Pakistan) expecting a war

1986 - US begins supplying mujahideen with Stinger missiles, enabling them to shoot down Soviet helicopter gunships.

1988 - Afghanistan, USSR, the US and Pakistan sign peace accords and Soviet Union begins pulling out troops

1996 - Taliban seize control of Kabul, introduce hard-line version of Islam (ban women from work, and introduce Islamic punishments ex. death and amputations)

1999 - UN forced an air embargo and financial sanctions to force Afghanistan to hand over Osama bin Laden for trial.

2001 October- Afghanistan bombed one of the United States building 911 attack.

2002 January- Deployment of first group of foreign peacekeepers, which the NATO led International Security Assistance Froce ( ISAF).

2009 January-US Defence Secretary Robert Gates tells Congress about Afghanistans is new US control, “greatest test.”

2011 October- After the Pakistan series of attacks, Afghanistan and India sign a politic partnership to expand teamwork in security and development.

A government cannot be "invaded" -- only a country or region can! WHY did the Soviets invade? You have included many events which are relatively insignificant in the history of Afghanistan. DID Afghanistan participate int he 911 attack on the US??!! 7.5/10


 * __Class 49__**
 * __Home Work__**

I will hand it in during the class. (organizer )

Erin, Mina did the together, but then mine got stopped in 11min. http://youtu.be/WIbJG56ChVA
 * __Class 49__**
 * __But Erin has the full video.__**


 * __Class 48__**
 * __2012.5.20th__**
 * __Classwork& Homework__**

A. 1.These four pictures are showing what happened to a house that was 5 km away from a nuclear test explosion. It was destroyed by 11 second after a nuclear text explosion. At first, its a searing blast of heat, then a shock wave with a force of around 200 tonnes, then 300 km per hour wind. It shows how dangerous a nuclear bomb is. 2.A whole town was hit by an explosion, then the whole town, building, houses and even the cars will gone in a few seconds. There will be a lot of people died, and crying, shouting, yielding for the help. Only I can see is the a few broken houses, and theres’ nothing left. Even the people were alive, they don’t even look like the human. They are red and black because of the burned. Their hairs gone, and we can’t say which is women and man. Even they are alive, a lot of them will die in a few days after, because of the burn and the illness.
 * The Cold War**

B. 1.These people that shows in the picture wanted the government to “ban the bomb’, because they realized after the nuclear bomb exploded Japan, they saw what’s going to happen. However, if the government are making more strong nuclear bomb, and if it exploded to them, then the whole country will be destroyed. They were afraid if those kind of things will happen to them. That’s why they want the peace for the world. To stop government to stop making the nuclear bomb to save the war. 2.As I said above, men and women, young and old wanted to to ‘ban the bomb’, for the peace. They don’t want those bomb to exploded in their countries and it will create another war. If there’s more nuclear bomb and war happens, then it will be the more worse than the WWII.

C.The USA wante dto win agaisnt USSR. So they needed something to defend agasint the USSR. Thats way the USA start to more nuclear weapons than USSSR, however the USSR were also buildign their own weapsons, which it could develop it to high level. It led the USA people to worried if USSR make more strong weapons than them, which it was ‘missile gap’ and ‘bomber gap’ between the USA and USSR. The USA could not let USSR to build more strong weapons then them, because it is disadventages for them which they spent a lot of money on it. At last, the USA thought that instead they make more nuclear weapons, they are going to make a similar amount weapons as USSR, not more nor not less. Also, they thought they just have to make more strong weapons than USSR more faster, so it could be advantages to USA.


 * Chart**
 * || Goals ||
 * Unites Nations || The United Nations was joined by 48 other countries. International organization was intended to protect the members against aggression. Also it wa There were five permanent members were Britain, China, Franc,e the Unites States, and the soviet Union and they intended to prevent any members of the Council from voting as a bloc to override the others. ||
 * Marshall Plan || Marshall Plan is that Untied States would provide food, machinery, and other materials to rebuild Western Europe. ||
 * Warsaw Pact || Warsaw Pact included the Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania. Because the United States created NATO, which it was any attack on NATO member would be met with armed force by all member nations. To defend them from NATO, the Soviet Union formed Warsaw Pact to defend themselves. ||

The Space Race was the most important historical event, because it formed the world that we live right now. Without the space race, then we could know the technology, knowledge, and the weapons. By doing the space race, the world cold learn a lot of more technology by this, and also the would get the more knowledge about the space, which it affected the science, and math. If they didn’t do it, then we could not learn more about the space and the more mathematics that we use today, which it affect the whole world’s knowledge and the technology.( it includes the computers and cell-phones, those machines that we use these days.)
 * Significance Event**


 * 5 reasons why the cold war happened.**

1.Soviet Union, USA and the Britain had different ideas to formed the future world after the WWII. Soviet Union suggested the communism, however USA and Britain suggested the free market. 2.Soviet Union and the Allies didn’t trust with each other during the war and the after the war, which it include the communication between the Allies and Soviet Union. They didn’t communicated with each other during the war and after the war. 3.Death of Roosevelt led Truman to became the president. 4.To defend against USSR, the USA had to make more strong a nuclear bomb than USSR, which it led USSR to made more strong nuclear bomb. 5.The USA was afraid of communism. They were afraid that the USSR will led other countries to become communism, and the technology, and nuclear bomb also made USA to afraid of them.

10/10


 * __Class 47__**
 * __2012.5.17th__**
 * __Class work and Home work__**


 * Read pp 514-517 (online) or pp 462-465 (hard copy) and make a Venn diagram to compare the aftermath of the war in Europe and Japan.**


 * hard copy, I'll hand it in during the class.


 * "Do you think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes? Explain your thinking."**

I think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes, because these two countries are the big main countries who caused the WWII, and affected the war a lot. These two countries invade many countries, which means killed many people and not only soldiers but citizens. These countries made other countries to involve in the war. For the Germany, they invade many countries which they made those countries to involve the war and fight for their countries. It is same as Japan. The Allies executed the leaders in each countries. They treated the people not like the human, killed more than thousands of people and crash the human right. By executing those leaders, it will unburden the anger of people. Most of the anger were toward the two main countries who affected the war which are German and Japan.

Venn diagram turned in hard copy. 10/10


 * __Class 46__**
 * __2012. 5.15th__**
 * __Class Work__**

__Twins__ When I watched it, I felt so sorry for their mother. Because she was trying to kept her twins clean and looks healthy to keep them out from the danger. However, her child were sent to the ‘Twins Block’. She will feel guilt from shouting ‘Zwillinge” which it caused them to go to the Twins Block. Also, she will get hurt everyday by thinking of her children to getting painful experience.

__Brothers__ Older brother’s will to protect his younger brother was really strong. I was really impressed by that. He got beaten up by the soldiers because he didn’t tell them where he hide his younger brother is. It showed me that he is trying to protect his younger brother even his life is taken away. I felt strong relationship between them.

__Mordecai Eldar__ In the video, when it says,’ When people arrived at Mauthausen, they were put in a giant tent. They were breathing but can’t see them as living people.’ It gave me the idea how bad situation was. They were nearly died. To survive from there, he had to took the dead people’s shirts, so he can be warmer. Not only that but he also had to fight for the food. I felt really bad for him. By looking at the picture, people were really starving, and they looked like the skeleton. I couldn’t imagine I’ll look like that by starving. I could feel how bad the situation was.

__Zanne Farbstein__ When I was watching this video, her voice and the face expression was really good. When she said she saw alive children were burning, her face and voice told me how bad it was and how shockingly bad it was. Also, when she said her older sister was not in these world anymore, she nearly cry. I could imagine how sad it was by losing her sister. At the end, she said she was waited for the death everyday. I could feel how she wanted to dye. When she said that I also thought if I was her then I’ll choose the death.

__Yaakov Hollander__ When he was liberated, he looked like walking skeleton of 33kg. I was shocked. It was my weight when i was 4th grade. I could not imagine a boy with 33kg. The fact that he survived from the all the camp and from the death surprised me. How would he survived from that? Even his life is destroyed and nothing left, he stood up, and healing his heart from the music made me think he is really strong mind person. I wished I could be like him who has a strong mind person.

__Sophie Engelsman__ she was in concentration camps from the 26th of Feb, 1943 to 15th of June. When she said that she kept transferring from camp to camp during those 27 months to bury her nation people and felt nothing made me really shocked. I couldn’t believe how she can’t feel nothing when she bury her nation people. After I watched it, I thought that she saw so many people dying which made her to lost feeling.

__Eva Brown__ When she said she got the number on her arms and lost her identity really scared me and it made me upset. Its’ like the machine robot. It tell us that people didn’t even treat her as the human. Because I never lost my identity, I’m quite not sure how she really feel. But I know the one thing for sure. Lost the identity means, you don ‘t know how to introduce yourself to another people. That person is not the human but the number. Those number will stay on her arm forever, which it made her to feel really bad and make her feel she still lost her identity.

10/10


 * __Class 45&46__**
 * __2012. 5.14th&15th__**

Read pp 511-513 (online or new hard copy) or pp 459 to end of the chapter (old hard copy) and complete 8-10 of the guided reading you used for last class.


B.Recognizing Facts and Details Identify the following people and the role each played in WWII.

Bernard Montgomery: Bernard Montgomery is the most senior British commanders in World War II. He commanded the Battle of El Alamein. Also, he was the Allied Commander of Ground Forces on D-day.

Dwight Eisenhower: Dwight Eisenhower was American general and Montgomery launched Operation Torch.

__**Comparing World War I and World War II**__

__Costs of World war Ii: Allies and Axis__ 1.USSR was the nations that suffered the greatest human costs. 2.United States spent much more money than Germany and Japan. Even Germany and Japan combined together, still United States spent more.

__Military Casualties, World War i and World War II__ The factors that contributed to the increased number of deaths in World War II over World War I are that during World War II, people start to use the more technologies, air craft and the most dangerous atomic bomb, which it made many people to die. Not only technology but during the World War I, the war only placed in the Europe.However during the World War II, Japan and other Asian countries joined the war which it made more wider. Because they were involved, they used ships a lot to carry the air craft. The radars were created, which it played the big role in the World War II. By using the radar, we could know the where enemies are and airplane’s direction, distance and even seed.

__Displaced Persons__ The Polish refugees were fleeing from German under bad and poor conditions. It tell us that some of them had to separated from their families. They lost lost everything, such as home, job and their money goes away really fast like snow is melting. They were waiting for good news. They had to sleep somewhere else and ate the food that city provided.

__Internment Camps__ By looking at the picture, we could know that American government’s attitude toward Japanese Americans were bad and they didn’t trust them. Japanese American stood right beside the trains and they lined up in the one line. In opposite side of them, the American soldiers are standing. It shows that they are looking at the Japanese Americans to not run away, or do something doubtful acting. Make sure they don’t do anything bad.

10/10

How is the same history conveyed so differently in these two videos? Which do you think is more "true": the Hollywood dramatization or the documentary?
 * __Class 44__**
 * __2012.5.9th.__**
 * __Class Work__**

The Hollywood videos and the documents videos are about WWII. But in the Hollywood videos, it shows how the war was in the Normandy. How bad it was and how the situation was like. In the documentary video shows how France were happy by end of D-Day. How happy they were, how did they felt. I felt like it was only showing the happiest and joyful of people when the war end. I think the Hollywood video looks more reality and true. Because it shows the reality of the war and how exact the situation was like. So it made me to feel like I’m actually in that situation and feel hurts of those soldiers paints. But in the documentary video, it shows more about how France citizens were like after the D-Day. So I think the hollywood movies are more true.

10/10


 * __Class 43__**
 * __2012.5.7th__**
 * __Class work__**

1.Was Japanese internment camp fair or unfair? I think Japanese internment camp is unfair. It is similar to the Hitler’s death camp. Also, they treated the Japanese like Hitler treated Jewish. It was really bad. There were many death, starving, and can’t escape from that camp. Japanese had to feel the feared everyday. Japanese people believed that they could go back to their home someday. The only way to escape from this camp is to join the military. Also, the food at there were worse than the military food. After the bomb explode in the Japan’s cities, they released Japanese. However, America public continued to fury Japan. So I can say that Japanese internment camp is really unfair.

2.Wartime propaganda cartoon by Walt Disney. As you watch, record your answers to the following... 1)What wartime images do you recognize form your study of the war? In this cartoon, I saw many Nazis, Nazis symbols and Nazis drum. I also saw the Hitler pictures and Hideki Tojo in this cartoon. I could hear the way Nazis greeting Hitler and they had to put their hands straight on the air. They made many weapons.

2)What are some of the messages of this cartoon? By watching this cartoon, we can see some of the messages from this cartoon. The main character in this cartoon, Donald Duck shows every single his expression in this cartoon. When he works, he shows he is tried and afraid of Nazis, and on the morning, he can’t even oversleep. Also, when he eats the breakfast, by looking at his actions, we could know that coffee is not allowed to drink it. Also in the factory, he didn’t have anytime to rest, and had to do what they asked them to do. They asked him so much things to do. So we can see that he is going crazy. However, he didn’t say anything against about it. If he say something against the Nazis or Hitler, then they are going to kill him right away. We can see that in the cartoon.

3)Why do you think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war? Companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war, because it is enjoyable to watch it. Many informations are in these cartoon, and not only an adults watch it, but children can also watch these cartoon together. It didn’t show any violence scene, which the children can watch this cartoon and could understand more easily. It shows the basic knowledge things not deep enough. But it can easily show the people what’s going on in this world.

2.Political Cartoon for the home front

1)What is in the cartoon? Explain the symbolism you see. In this cartoon, I could see the symbols of the U.S. hats, which I can say its uncle sam. He is putting many papers in the paper Cessing. By that paper, it made the boxes and it has weapons and the foods. by looking at this, I can say that the paper that U.S.A. putting is the money and by this money they are making weapons and the foods. Also, the workers seems U.S. citizens because on the box, it says to New Yorker.

2)What is the intended message of the cartoon? This cartoon is trying to say that U.S. is coming to rescue the Allies and the government and citizens are working together for these. In this cartoon, U.S. are spending money on making the weapons for the Allies and to protect their countries.

3. Life on the Home front in Britain exploration... click on each topic area to learn about life in Britain during the war. For each of the following topics, write down 3 significant pieces of information. You may do this on your gallery page, or as a hard copy.

__Children at war__ -Over, 3,500,000 children, women and old people were removed to ‘safe places’ to escape the German bombing raids. -Many of the children seems to be happy, that they were going away to somewhere different,which is going to do something that they had never done before. -Many children lived with poster parents.

__Women in the War__ -There was a shortage of workers in factories and so Government stop recruiting women into the Armed Forces, but women could go to factory to work. -Women’s Voluntary Service was the largest women’s wartime service, and it carried out so many different tasks, including helping evacuees, driving ambulances, running canteens and so on. -Women were allowed to join the Auxiliary Territorial Service, carried out duties such as driving trucks, digging roads, filing sandbags and serving on searchlight and anti aircraft sites, and they could work on a gun site except for firing the gun.

__Rationing__ -Food rationing for each person could have each week. -8p worth of meat, -3 pints of milk, -8 ounces of sugar, -4 ounces of butter or fat, -4 ounces of bacon, -2 ounces of tea, -1 ounce of cheese -1 egg.

-Each family had to register with a shop or store where the food would be bought and this was the only place where the family could shop. -Not only food was rationed, but also they controlled the clothes people wore.

__Message of War__ -There are many propaganda posters that make more mens and women to work and military. (women to work, men to go to the military.) -There are some posters that shows children to move to ‘safe places.’ and it shows that this place, London, is dangerous. -There are few posters that shows that Hitler is watching you, so be carful for what you say, because if you say something wrong, then you might die.

10/10


 * __Class 42__**
 * __2012.5.6th__**
 * __Homework from class 42__**


 * 1.**

b. By Japan attacking United States Hawaii, United States declared war on Japan. This is the begging of the War between Japan and United States. Also, Japan started the war with Europe. || b .Japan started to control the weak Southeast Asian Colonies. This means when the time comes, they are going to attack U.S and Britain too. They are trying to gain a lot of the power and controlled all the countries under them. || b.This attack made an important to both American and Japanese, because Japan was weak to attack. || b. It is turning point of the Allies. It had stopped Japan’s southward advance. || b.American could defend the Pacific, and they ended up with tide, which means they didn’t lost the war and didn’t lost their lands. || b.It stopped Japanese from building air base on the Solomon Islands, and both sides lost a lot of men. ||
 * Bombing Pearl Harbor || a. On December 7, 1941, Japan attack suddenly. They didn’t know when and where they are going to attack.
 * Fall of Southeast Asian Colonies || a. Japan bombed the Southeast Asian Colonies such as Guam, Wake island, and Philippines. In January 1942, they attacked Philippine, Manila. After about three months of fighting, the Japan won. They also targeted the British colonies.They conquered the Dutch East Indies, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes. By this time, they controlled more than 1 million square miles of Asian Land, about 150 million people.
 * Doolittle’s raid on Japan || a.In April 1942, 16, B- 25 bombers under the Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle bombed Tokyo and several other Japanese cities.
 * Battle of the Coral Sea || a. May 1942, this battle brought Allies a victory. Both sides used a new kind of naval warfare.
 * Battle of Midway || a. Japan next target was Midway Island, some 1,500 miles west of hawaii, the location of a key America airfield. However, Admiral Chester Nimitz knew that Japan was heading to Midway to draw the whole of U.S. Pacifistic Fleet from Pearl Harbor to defend the island. However, after American pilots destroyed 332 Japanese planes, and one support ship, they retreated.
 * Battle of Guadalcanal || a.General Douglas MacArthur, the commander of the allied land forces in the Pacific. Japan was building a huge air base on the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands, which it became another Japanese stronghold. But attacked by U.S. marines, and it ended on February 1943.


 * B.Summarizing**
 * Identify Isoroku Yamamoto and Douglas MacArthur.**

Isoroku Yamamoto was Japanese commander who led Japan to make many men to go to the battle field in WWII. Also, he is the one who attacked the U.S. by saying “ a dagger pointed at [Japan’s] throat.” and it just be destroyed. Douglas MacArthur was the commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific. He said that they have to seizing Japanese stronghold, and then take the weak island closer to them one by one. They both were strong commander who planed the plan to seizing enemy’s territory.


 * 2. Write a short description of the perspectives presented in the political cartoons below. What does each cartoon highlight about how Japanese expansion was viewed?**

Let Sam Do It Cartoon: This cartoon shows how League of Nations were powerless. All the members in League of Nations weren’t taking any actions when Japan and China were fighting. Their jobs are to make the peace between the countries, which they are suppose to stop them fighting, and do something about it. However, they are just pointing at them and expecting U.S to do something about it.

Let others sweat and toil: This cartoon shows a Japanese views of the West. in this picture, Uncle Sam and another western man are carried by Asian people on Anglo-Saxom Imperialism. It shows that western people think they are higher position than Asian people, and made them carry them. Which means they let Asian people to sweat and toil by carrying them, so they(western people) don’t have to sweat or toil by moving the places. By this Japan is saying that Asian people should live freely.

Japan and League of Nation: This cartoon is Japan burning League of Nations’ paper. Which means they are no longer following League of Nations, and not listen to them. Japan will do what they want to do, because they are not longer following League of Nation, and don’t need to listen to them. It also shows how League of Nation were powerless. Because it they let Japan to burn League of Nation’s paper which is big problem to them.

Japan and Australia:

This cartoon shows kangaroo as Australia, and a left side man as a Japan. It shows that New Guinea is in the between of Australia and Japan. Japan were targeting Australia, and stepping to the New Guinea to go to the Australia. However, Australia have the some weapons to defend rom Japan, and read to fight against them. If Japan come more closer than that, then they will shout them, and will fight against them.

Japan attacked the United States of America, because America was against Japan and tried to stop Japan from what they were doing. When Japan invade Manchuria in 1931, America condemned Japan’s invasion of Manchuria. Also, when Japan invaded China in 1937, USA sided with China. They supported China’s Nationalist government against Japan. They also expanded their navy, and moved the Pacific Fleet nearer Japan to Pearl Harbour in Hawaii. Later, they send volunteers in China’s war against Japan, which it shows USA was strongly against Japan. The U.S. president also demanded that japan withdraw form China and Indochina. By looking at these actions, Japan attacked America, and hoping to keep U.S. out from their business, and let them do what they were planing to do. Also to keep them out from China and Pacific.
 * 3.Answer the following question:**
 * 1)Why did Japan attack the United states of America? Provide evidence from the source below in your answer.**

Before: In early 1941, Japanese diplomats in Washington, D.C. negotiated(talk or discussion) about Japan’s expansion in Asia, and Japanese Navy planed to attack the United States, just in case when negotiation failed.
 * 2)Read this article about Pearl Harbor. Briefly summarize the key events of the attack (before, during and after.) (User ID is kis, PW is welcome)**

During: The negotiation(discussion) failed, and Japan attacked U.S., 275 miles north of Hawaii. They attacked U.S. without warning. On December 7, the first wave included 51 dive bombers, 40 torpedo bombers, and 43 escorting fighters. When Japan arrived at there, they discover U.S. radar screens, but they were unable to read the technology, because Japanese technologists were poorly trained. However, they were able to recognize it was a flight of B-17 bombers from the U.S. mainland. Before 8:00 A.M. when Mitsuo Fuchida saw the U.S. ships to attack, he signaled the code words, “tora” for success. Japanese aircraft bombs ships, and on U.S. aircrafts parked on the island of Oahu. The first attack was 25 minutes and the second attack was less successful. Japan lost only 29 planes and 55 aircrew (thought they would lose half their force)

After: Pearl Harbor was the wort disaster in U.S. history, with more than 2,000 casualties, dozens of aircraft destroyed, and 21 ships damaged or destroyed. The U.S. Congress declared war on japan on December 8, 1941. After that on December 11, Japan’s allies, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.

10/10


 * __Class 42__**
 * __2012. 5.4th__**
 * __Class 41 works.__**

1)What was Operation Sea Lion? Operation of Sea Lion is the German’s plan to invade the Britain. 2)Why did the battle not look good for Britain? The Battle not look good for Britain, because from WWI, they didn’t have many weapons left. Also, they had less amount of aircraft than Germany. 3)What advantage did Britain have? Britain had an advantage of radar. They had a system that could transmit aircraft. This system shot down an enemy's aircraft. 4)What was Germany's mistake? Germany’s mistake was that they bomb the southwest of England, because they thought they could win Britain easily by bomb the England. However, it made Britain more angry. So Hitler decided to raid British cities. It killed many civilians and destroyed many homes and factories, which it made the worst. It made Britain to upset a lot. 5)What was the impact of the bombing of London? How did the bombing of London aid Britain's cause? Many factories and homes were destroyed and a lot of peoples dead by bombing London. But, the bombing London aided Britain’s cause, because it gave them time to rebuilt their aircraft and could make RAF more stronger. 6)Why was the outcome of the battle of Britain significant for the Allies? The battle of Britain is significant for the Allies, because Britain defeated Germany. Now, German can’t no longer do Operation Sea Lion without aircraft. British had the RAF, so aircraft didn’t work. It shows that the countries who are against the Germany which is Nazi, then they could join together to defeat German. Also by winning against German, it shows that they could win against the German.
 * Questions (post answers on your gallery page):**

British were able to hold off the German invasion when they were militarily weaker. When German attacked Britain, they were so much weak then German. They didn’t have enough aircraft to defeat German. But by two reasons, British were able to hold off the German invasion. There were, radar and strong standing civilians. Even after German bombed London, the civilians kept standing. A hundred of people got killed and got destroyed the many factories and many homes, the British civilians were unwavering. On September 15th, German’s aircraft bombed over the British. But the British weapon ‘RAF’ which is British secret weapon, shot down many Germans’ aircraft. It made German can’t follow British invasion plan which means Britain defeated German.
 * Read the newspaper below about the Battle of Britain, and watch the two videos, then write a short paragraph that explains why the British were able to hold off the German invasion when they were militarily weaker. Use evidence to support your ideas. Post your work on your gallery page.**

10/10


 * __Homework__**
 * __2012. May. 1th__**



The most important events that considered a turning point for the Allies is Lend Leas Act. By passing this law, the United States president could lent or lease arms, and supplies to any country vital to the United States. If this law didn’t pass it, then the World War II might not finished. By the United States joined the Allies, they destroyed Germane U-boat in the Atlantic. They were the one who start to stop Hitler attacking. This law dragged Unites States to the World War II to stop the war.
 * Which of the listed events might be considered a turning point for the Allies ?Why?**

Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union are similar, because when Napoleon was trying to invade Russia, it failed because of the bad season. It was the winter time. They didn’t prepared for that. No boots, no food for the cold weather, which lead them to failed it. It is also same as Hitler. When he tried to invade the Soviet Union, it was the winter season. They didn’t also prepare for the cold water, no boots, no food no gun that’s not freezing. It lead them to failed the plan. So they both failed to invade because of the cold winter season.
 * How were Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union similar?**

10/10


 * __Hitler Germany__**
 * __2012. 4.28th__**

A.Hitler’s foreign policy aims 1.The Treaty of Versailles. -First, Treaty of Versailles, brought an end to the Great War of 1914-18. -Blamed Germany for starting the war, took away huge amounts of land, money, materials. 2.The union of all Germans in Germany -unite all Germans in a single country. -As millions of Germans living neighboring Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland, these countries needs to be brought under his control. 3.The conquest of lebensraum -Provide Germany with lebensraum, ‘living space’ -did not have enough food or raw materials. -Solution, take over the rich farmlands and mines of countries to the east. (Russia, Poland)

B.Hitler’s rearmament of Germany -Hitler expanded the army secretly. -Hermann Goering, create an air force and secretly train pilots in civilian flying clubs. -The countries around the Germany quickly began to making alliances with each other, if Germany attack them. -No countries military took action to stop the Treaty of Versailles.

C.The remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936. -In 1936, Hitlers ordered his army to march into the Rhineland. -Britain and France had agreed ten years earlier that they would use their armies to stop German troops from entering the Rhineland. -The British refused to help the French, France didn’t want to fight. -Hitler was able to build up the border with France and Belgium.(West Wall) -France and Britain could not easily take military action against Germany.

D.Hitler’s alliances 1.The Rome Berlin Axis ,1936. -Rome Berlin Axis gave Hitler a powerful ally in Europe. -made an agreement with Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy, would work closely together in foreign affairs. 2.The Anti-Comintern Pact, 1936. -Japan: the Anti Comintern Pact, gave him an ally on the other side of the world. 3.Help for Franco in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-9. -Spain: sent his best air forces,the Condor Legion, in civil war.

E.The Anschluss with Austria, 1936 -By 1938 Hitler planed to unite the Austria. -the Austrian Nazi Party made the troubles as many as they can, so Hitler could meet the leader of Austrian, Kurt Schuschnigg.(Not against the Treaty of Versailles) -Hitler blackmail to invade Austria unless Schuschnigg gave all the important jobs in his government to Nazis. -Schuschingg asked Italy, Britain and France to protect his country, but all three refused. -Schushcingg had to resign. -Schuschingg found out that while Austria’s Jews were made to get down and wipe streets on their hands and knees.

F.The take over of Czechoslovakia, 1936-9 1.The Sudetenland Crisis, 1938 -Hitler tried to invade Czechoslovakia by riots but it failed->Czechoslovakia and France) -Neville Chamberlain ,Prime Minister of Britain thought that the Sudetenland should belong to Germany and persuaded the French to agree with him. 2.The Munich Conference, 1938 -After the discussion the Italy, France, Czechs and Chamberlain agreed that German should have the Sudetenland. 3.The invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1939 -Chamberlain didn’t want the war. -Six months later in March 1939, the German army attacked the rest of Czechoslovakia. -Made the Western half to Germans. -Hungary and Poland take the rest.

G.The Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939 -Next target, Poland. -Germany was divided into two by the ‘Polish Corridor’/ -Hitler should have stopped when he had three great power, Russia, France, and Britain. -In August 1939, made an agreement with the Russians that Germany and Russia would not fight each other->to attack Poland and divide it between them(Nazi Soviet Pact) -1 September 1939, German attacked Poland->Britain and France declared war on Germany->Second War World War is about to begin.

Pg. 488-492 2012. 4. 28th
 * __Note taking from Classzone.__**


 * Hitler’s Lightning War**

Germany Sparks a New War in Europe -Joseph Stalin singed a ten year nonaggression pact with Hitler. -German and the Soviet Union agreed to divide Poland between them. -Agreed that the USSR could take over Finland and the Baltic countries of Lithunani, Latvia, and Estonia. -Attack Poland on Sep, 1, 1939. -France and Great Britain declared war on Germany on Sep 3. -The German invasion of Poland was the first test of Germany’s newest military stratey,, the blitzkrieg or “lightning war”. ->involved using fast moving airplanes and tanks. -On Sep 17, Stalin sent Soviet troops, inhabit the E half of Poland. -Nov, Stalin sent nearly one million Soviet troops into Finland. -The Finns defended their country. -In the winter, soldiers attacked Soviet positions. -March 1940, Stalin had forced the Finns to accept his surrender terms. -The French and British had mobilized their armies->waited German to attakc->didnt happened. -German soldiers stared back form their Siegfired LIne a few miles away, called sitzkrieg, or “sitting war”. -April 9,1940, the calm ended.

10/10

__2012.4.24th__
 * __Hitler Germany__**

1.His life up to 1933 -Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Braunau, in Austria. -During five years in Vienna, became interested in politics. -supported nationalist parties, grew to hate socialist parties. -Hated foreign people, especially Jewish people. -volunteered to join the German army,World War One. -He did many dangerous job during the World War One. -‘V man’, spying on political parties to find out if they were dangerous. -Joined German Workers Party in 1919, changed the name to 'National Socialist German Workers Party'(Nazi Party). -Made powerful speeches, Germany needed a strong leader, they must revenge for defeat in the war, Jews and Communists were has to be destroyed. -sent to prison ,to tried to overthrow the government, a putsch. -When economic depressed in German, Nazi Party gained power. -Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933.
 * A. Adolf Hitler**

2.His ideas -‘Mein Kampf’, found most of his ideas. -The Fuehrer principle: ruled by a single, strong leader. -Lebensraum: more land to live and work. -Race: Human beings are divided into races. -Communism: Anti semitism: Jews must be destroyed. -The Treaty of Versailles: France must b destroyed.

3.His appeal -Hitler’s power and speech became the hope for Germane.

1.The election campaign of March 1933 -wanted the Nazi party win a landslide victory, get seats in the Reichstag. -A Communist, caught fire lighters in his pockets, which made Hitler to be a dictator. -Banned Communists and Socialists from taking part in the election campaign.
 * B.How Hitler established his dictatorship**

2.Results of the election -Hitler and the Nazis won just under half the vote. -enough to persuade the new Reichstag to agree to an Enabling Law.

3.The Enabling Law, March 1933 -Let Hitler make laws without asking the Reichstag for this consent.

4.The take over of local governments ‘Law against the Formation of New Parties’, made the Nazi Party was the only party allowed to exist in Germany. -Organized very carefully, so that every German citizen could be kept under their control.

5.The banning of trade unions -Closed the trade unions, took away their money and put their leaders in to the prison.

6.The ‘Nights of the Long Knives’, 1934 -Ernst Roehm wanted to make Troopers part of the German army, it would make Roehm the most powerful man in Germany. -Roehm and the other SA leaders were taken by Hitler’s orders, taken to prison and shot.

7.Hitler becomes Fuehrer, 1934 -President Hindenburg died, aged 87. -Hitler took over the Presidency and gave himself, ‘Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor.’

8.The army’s oath of loyalty. -Soldiers who had the gun, were only had the power to oppose Hitler, however, they sworn to Hitler.

10/10

__Class #37__ __oral quiz__ http://youtu.be/a2Is1OoCtB4 Hmm... A bit worried when you say "Fascism is really good"! You do discuss the downside, which is great, but when you start out with this statement it gives the positive too much weight. 9.5/10

__Class#36__ __2012.4.19th__ __oral quiz__ http://youtu.be/RkEQwzB0T9k

Be careful. The Great Depression does NOT begin in the U.S. -- European economies had been suffering for years before 1929. 9/10

__Class 34__ http://youtu.be/DzoSyapGmNc
 * __2012. Apr.16th__**
 * __oral quiz__**

=
It would be helpful if you labeled your assignments so they can be easily identified. I'm glad you include the class number and date, as this helps. This presentation needed better organization. You keep saying "nationalism", but I think you mean "the Nationalists". 8.5/10======

=**The Great Depression**=


 * Station 1**

__**International Herald Tribune**__
 * Station 2**

Help here! Starving country, United States!

Thesis: After the World War I, the United States civilians’ are in troubles; tread drops between the Unites States. 1.The United States are starving, even the California employers recruited from China, Japan, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Mexico, the American south, and Europe. 2.The sales between the countries increased and the trade decreased. 3.Not only the Unites States are starving and suffering. Therefore, we should stop raising the prices and help with each other.

__**New York Times**__ What’s going on in here? We need more jobs!

Thesis: There are a lot of unemployment right now, which is really big problem. 1.More taxes put onto imported goods, which they they can not trade. 2.High prices create more unemployment, because if the prices rise and no one buys it, then the factories will work slowly which means the economy will slows down too. 3.Unemployment are living on the streets, because they lost their houses and no where to go.

united states -economy -banks closed -no job, hopeless,depression, homeless -black tuesday -steal. -many banks shut down, 1929s. -1/4 of American banks are failed. -Million of American workers lost their job. -Job less became home less. -card board, papers, board, news paper( the things that they use to make the job) -They walked around, to hope to find something to work. ( to get any jog) -1934, strong winds blowed. -Children left the school to help the family. -The government have to take some action to change it. -To create the job to the people who doesn’t have it. -Bonus Army -FDR(Franklin Delano Roosevelt) -The New Deal, happy days. -recover of the economy. -closed all the banks. and give the money who lose the money from the banks. -Made new bank system, which made all an American to believe the banks again. -C.C.C put the young people to work. -C.W.A build the schools and the other buildings that people can enjoy. -N.I.R.A create 40 thousands of schools and many jobs. -maximum hours to workers. -helped the poor.
 * Station 3**

-destroy the world peace. -it affected the around the world. -Borrowed money from the USA to recover the warfare. -Long Depression, which millions of people lost their job.s -Japan, Italy invaded the other countries to recover. -Britain, France couldn’t afford to get involved in other wars. -Great Depression helped Hitler to get into power. -He promised that he will make the job and that country will get the power.

Germany -germany was hard to pay back the warfare.

Good work. 10/10


 * __Class 32&33__**
 * __2012. Apr. 9&11th.__**

THE CHINESE REVOLUTION and JAPANESE IMPERIALISM
__How did the Treaty of Versailles add to China’s problems?__ The Treaty of Versailles was not really what China wanted. Actually, it didn't go what they planned. China wanted three things, which is political and economic rights for all Chinese people and an end to foreign control of China. That’s why China joined the World War I, because they hoped to get the support from the Allied power. However, instead they giving China freedom, they only change the masters of the Treaty of Versailles. So the parts of China that was control by German were changed to Japan. So it is only the Treaty of Versailles’s master changed to other countries, but the fact that they were influence by the foreign countries didn’t change.
 * Station !**

Japan was the isolated country for a long time. However, everything changed in 1853. When America steamships entered Japan, and agreed to trade with the United States, the Japan started to develop. Japan sent some of their government to Europe and the United States to shaped a new Japan by what they saw at there. Also, they adapted the American system of schooling for all children. They built the factories, railroads, and mined coal. They develop really fast, which it lead by 1890, they were the strongest military power in Asia. However, Japan wanted more. In 1940, Japan fought with Russia about who is going to get the China. After that Japan took the control of the Korea, and they destroy all the Korean culture, such as teach Japanese language and history. Also, some of Korean were forced to sent to the factories to work. About 4,00,000 Korean and Chinese were displaced from their homes and sent to the factories so they would produce the Japan’s war efforts. Japan were very proud of themselves. They had three main reason of expansion. They was a small country with a large population. So they need to move people to overseas, however the European didn’t accept them. If Asian live at there, then they treated them differently. The second reason is they were not participate in world markets and trading. The third reason is that the way Japan act toward Manchuria was required and its for establish a new nation of Manchuria. They brought cannon and machine guns into Manchuria, and stated that it is required to fight a war.
 * Station II**
 * Picture: picture of Korean people who sent to the factories, and how their civilians were harsh.
 * map: map of Japan growing over Asia
 * Chart: chart of how many machines and weapons were used in Manchuria.

__Was Mao a better or worse national leader than Stalin?__
 * Station III**

I think that Mao did same things as Stalin, which means they both are worse. They controlled the civilians by using their powers, such as murdering and violence. They both sent the civilians to the labor camps. Mao did some mistakes. Thousands of red army soldiers were sacrificed, and he expected this. He expected that half of China to die for his project, which is to build the atomic bomb, so they could pay for the technology to build it. For this project, he needed the money, so he sold the food to the another countries when Chinese people were starving. Mao and Stalin was the similar leader. Also, it says that Stalin helped Mao. He supported Mao to success. So I think Mao and Stalin both horrible leader, and I can’t really say who were the worse or better.

10/10

media type="custom" key="14061930" http://youtu.be/44WV5M0B-W0
 * __Class 32__**
 * oral quiz**

"Nicholas II" is read "Nicholas the Second", not "Nicholas Two". Also problems with pronunciation of "peasants" (not "peesants") and "bleeding" (not "breeding") which are small things, but can interfere with your ability to make your thoughts understood. Focus needs to remain on the question so that your presentation is more than just a series of "true facts". 9/10

2012. Apr.6th
 * __Class 31__**

=**The Russian Revolution**= = = __//**Step.1**//__
 * Why Russia had a revolution in 1917.**

When Alexander III took control of the Russian government, he abused all non -Russian peoples, especially Jews. In 1895, Nicholas II became czar and continued the strong rule. He was aimed to build up Russia’s industry. However, their working conditions were poor, wages were low, and children were forced to work. So workers grew angry and often went on strike. There were the Revolutionary groups who wanted to break the government. In 1903, these were split into two groups. One group called, the Bolsheviks, was led by Vladimir Lenin. Also in early 1905, the Russian army killed hundreds of hungry workers who gather together to ask for relief. The suffering caused by World War I was the biggest problem to the czar. As the war dragged on, the czar lost their control of Russia. So Soldiers refused to fight. In March 1917, almost 200,00 workers gathered together in city to protest high prices. The czar had to step down, which it resulted as execution of Nicholas II’s family.

__//**Step.2**//__
 * Now, upload a podcast on your gallery page in which you explain whether Stalin was a good guy or a bad guy, and whymedia type="file" key="S.S M.R.mp3" width="240" height="20".**


 * __//Step.3//__**

The message that this poster is trying to get out to the Russian people is about how the peasants are in really hard situation and what their life is about. In this picture, the skull is the symbols of death. Inside the skull’s mouth, the peasants‘ who are almost dying and trying to get our from there. The peasants who came out from the skull’s mouth, they are giving their money to the workers, who is higher position than them. Then that person give that money to the more higher position people. So, there’s nothing left for the peasants.
 * 1.What is the message that this poster is trying to get out to the Russian people?**

This piece of propaganda is pretty compelling, because by looking at the skull, you could know that it is symbols of bad sane and mostly symbols of the death. Inside of the skull, the peasants are shown and coming out from there. By looking at that, you defedently could know that they are having really hard life and nothing left to them. The peasants that come out from the skull’s mouth, they are giving the gift(?), or the money to the person who has higher position than them, and that person are giving those things to the person who has higher position than him. So I think this piece of propaganda is compelling.
 * 2.Do you find this piece of propaganda to e compelling? Why or why not?**

3. done on paper.


 * __Class 30__**
 * 2012.Apr.5th**


 * How did the Treaty of Versailles reflect the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I?**

The Treaty of Versailles is the the peace treaty singed by Germany and the Allied powers after World War I. The countries that won brought their list of things to get back, and they believed that they should get something from the loser side. The leaders from the countries didn’t care about the other side of the countries and only think about what their countries need and what they want to gain. The losing side of countries had to admit that it was their fault and had to do what the winner countries ask them to do. It shows that they don’t really care about the peace and just care what is good for their countries. Especially, France wanted to squeeze the Germany. They wanted the money from Germany for all the damage that caused by the war, and they wanted all the Germany soldiers to be far away from France, and the Alsace Lorraine. Also, France wanted Germany to say they caused the war to the world, which they signed the Treaty of Versailles and said it. The U.S president Woodrow Wilson had an idea to have ‘self determination’. It shows that he really wanted the peace, and help the countries.

**Please date your assignments**__**.**__
__**2012. 3.7th**__ __**Group Assignment**__ http://todaysmeet.com/9FWH

__**WWI Map Comparison**__
If you see the European Alliances map, it’s all European countries in 1914. It also shows who were the central powers, who were allied power and who were Nations neutral by three different colors. However, the other picture(cartoon map), it is European map in 1914, but it is quite different from the first European map in 1914. If you see this map closely, the color, legend, the gray color countries are the countries at war, and the countries that used a lot of machines and weapons for the war. So it drawn as weapons in that map. The brown countries which is surrounding the gray countries are the countries that helping them. So they are drawn as animal which we can also call it predators.
 * Comparison:**

Austria wanted to keep the area, and not also simply ‘protect’ it from Russia. It means that Austria was trying to prevent Serbia expanding. Also I think that Serbia couldn’t agree with Austria- Hungary, and thought that Bosnia and Herzegovina were still their lands which is territory, and it led them to claimed and take it back from them.
 * Why might Serbia have staked a claim to Bosnia and Herzegovina?**

I think Russia had been interested in helping Serbia’s claims, and interested in supporting them. Also they had to help them because of ‘alliances system’, promised that they are helping each other when one of them are in the trouble. By this alliances system, they can earn the help of the Serbians.
 * Why might Russia have been interested in helping further that claim?**

If Bosnia and Herzegovina separate from Austria- Hungary, that means that they are becoming independent and Serbians will control them which means it will also belong to Russians. Also if they become independent, it is bad for Austria- Hungary and can not get any benefits. Which is also bad for Germany, and they can’t get any benefits. So they don’t want Bosnia and Herzegovina to secession from Austria- Hungary, because they are allied with Austria Hungary.
 * Why would Germany and Austria- Hungary have resisted any moves for Bosnia( used to mean Bosnia and Herzegovina) secession from Austria- Hungary?**

__**The Ideals of Nationalism**__
Nationalism arose in the early 1800's as a relatively new point of view and it drove many of the changes that occurred during the 1800's and 1900's. The rise of modern nationalism is tied to the spread of democratic ideas and the growth of an educated middle class. People wanted to decide how they were governed, instead of having monarchs impose government on them.

If you can't see this image, it is the Bonds That Create a Nation-State, p. 254

In a nation-state, people are linked by such common bonds as government, culture, and history.

It is important to know that prior to the 19th century, most people did not identify themselves as being a citizen of a nation, but gave their loyalty to their city, to their family or to their religion. These were the things that defined your identity. But in the 19th century, people began to talk about "nations". Why?
 * revolutionary movements
 * the rise of democracies
 * reaction against Napoleon's empire building
 * Congress of Vienna's attempt to "turn back time" and restore the monarchies and //ancien regimes// (old orders)
 * independence movements
 * unification movements
 * attempts to suppress independence and unification movements

**Impact of Nationalism**

 * Nationalism** has positive and negative implications (e.g. extremely strong nationalistic feelings sometimes lead a group to turn against outsiders). Using the table below, record the positive and negative impacts of Nationalism. Use page 254 of the textbook to help you.

//Positive and Negative Impacts of Nationalism//



I think it had more negative effect then positive effect,even though many people united to make their country better, but it also made some people to be extremely nationalism. Which means they might look down on another country’s people, and think that their country is the best. In the world war two, the Hitler was the one of the good example. He killed a lot of different countries people, because they look different and he also look down on them.
 * Do you think nationalism has had a more positive or negative impact on the world? Support your opinion with evidence.**

__**Types of Nationalist Movements**__

We have looked at the rise of Nationalism and the positive and negative impacts that it has had on the modern world. Now, we are going to investigate the effects of nationalism on a region. The rise of nationalism tends to either unify or separate people.

1.Culture: ideas, traditional, customs, food that people bind together to create group. Language: Communicate, the one way to communicate with the people in that country which is become formal language to them. We also call them national language. Religion: Believe, pray the same way, and it is religion that shared with people in that country. Territory: Area that belongs to that country, people who lived together in that country. Nationality: People who have common things belief and shared common ancestor.

2.//What do you think would have happened to the empires (e.g. Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire) during the rise of nationalism?// The Ottoman Empire and Austrian Empire had many wars since the rise of nationalism. Because of these wars, they lost many things such as, money, their territory, and their power.

__**CASE STUDY: Italy**__ Connect to[| online textbook]- pg 260 As we read about the unification of Italy, think about the role that nationalism plays in building a nation.

As I read through this it seems like leadership,using skillful diplomacy well chosen alliances with other nations are the most important thing in building a nation. Int the text took it says that Giuseppe Garibaldi always wore a bright red shirt, as did his followers. So as a result, they became known as the Red Shirts. This is the begging of the unity. He agreed to unite the southern areas he had conquered with the kingdom of Piedmont Sardinia. So “The Red One “willingly agreed to let the Sardinian king rule. They expand Italy like this. Lastly, they took over the last part of a territory known as the Papal States. With this, the city of Rome came under Italina control, and now it is know as Vatican City. Also, they are not doing this for get benefit. They are just doing this, because they love their country, which is Italy.

__**Key Skill: Analyzing Political Cartoons**__ Look at the cartoon on page 261 and complete the questions.

1. In the cartoonist use the Symbol of boots to represent Italy, because it is simply telling us that its just the boots for the king to wear it, wears mean to control the Italy. also the Peninsula of the Italy is similar to long boots.

2.Garibaldi is shown as the king’s servant who is helping King to wear and control the Italy. Also he wore the red top which means he is nationalism.

3.The tittle of the carton says that the cartoonist is supporting the idea of Italy combing together, which is unification. Also he was waiting for this to happen, and expect it to happen

__**CASE STUDY: Germany**__ On your own, read about the unification of Germany (online textbook pgs 261-263). 1) Create a flow chart that shows the key events that led the unification of Germany. I did it on hard copy and put it in the box.

2) Looking at the map on page 263, answer the two geography skillbuilder questions. 1.What was unusual about the territory of Prussia as it exited in 1865? In 1865, Prussia was divided into two, not connected with each other. So it seems like its separate country. It also seems like they are not same country and have another country between them. 2.After 1865, what you saw the biggest expansion of Prussia territory? After 1865, the biggest expansion of Prussia is South German States. It joined Prussia to form German Empire ,1871.

3) Design a national symbol for the newly formed Germany. Include symbols that best represent the spirit or values of the German people at this time. Write a short paragraph explaining your symbol and its significance. I did it on hard copy and put it in the box.

The **National Emblem of the Republic of Korea** consists in the taeguk symbol present on the country's national flag surrounded by five stylized petals and a ribbon bearing the inscription "The Republic of Korea" (Daehan Minguk), the official name of the country, in [|Hangul] characters. The taijitu (yin-yang) represents peace and harmony. The five petals all have meaning and are related to Korea's national flower (the Hibiscus syriacus, or Rose of Sharon). It was adopted in 1963.

Cartoon analysis is not well done. You need to consider the meaning of Garibaldi's sword being on the ground, for example, or of him kneeling to put on the king's boot. 19/20

Terms and Names
Sepoys Indian soldiers who were really angry to British rulers and thought that the British were violating their religious and customs, also it they refused to use Enfield rifles. 2.Sepoy Mutiny It was the beginning of the Indian independence movement, it was the catalyst that made people want to throw off the yoke of British rule.

Congress Party The educated Indian people created this group. This group is for Indian’s equality, and rights. Also it helped elevate India’s independence.

Mohandas K. Gandhi He spread the idea of not response to violence. He was a major role in securing Indian Independence.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah He disagreed with Gandhi’s idea. He request to separate country for Muslims.

1.What were four factors that contributed to Britain’s conquest of India? There were four factors that contributed to Britain’s conquest of India. First, internal division. Far from being a united country, India was a collection of separate kingdoms who occasionally fought each other. In the remaining areas, most princes accepted Britain’s power in exchange for trading rights with the company. Second, Superior technology. The British were the first country to go through the industrial revolution and so were able to field the latest weapons on the battlefield. However, India had yet to be industrialized and could not match the British in terms of technology. Third, Superior forces. The British army was well trained, well organized and experienced in fighting enemies. However, the Indian armies that they fought were often poorly equipped, less well trained and less experienced. Fourth, Wealth. The British had huge amounts of money and manpower to use against the Indian kingdoms. The Indians were divided, so had limited numbers of soldiers and limited amounts of money to spend on war.

2.Sepoy Mutiny revolted, because Indians soldiers thought that the British were violating their religious customs, and look down on them. Sepoy Mutiny couldn’t produce a good result, because the British government made the decision to take direct rule of India.

3.As educated Indians learned more about democracy and nationalism, they thought that they should have same right as the British. They made the group called Congress Party. This group works for Indian’s equal. Also there is another group called muslim League. These both groups were working together to promote self government and independence.

4.There are four general principles of Mohandas K. Gandhi. First, Live as simply as possible. Second, Be tolerant of the religious beliefs. Third, never hesitate in servicing others. Fourth, Battle injustice in all its forms, but never use violence.

5.Muhammad Ali Jinnah disagreed with Gandhi’s idea’s, but he believed that it is the best interests of Muslims to work with Hindus of Indian nationalism. His efforts to unify Hindus and Muslim concerns failed and Congress Party didn’t agree to him. So this lead India to separate.

6.Pro-Indian:A,D,E,FG,H Pro-Britain:B,C,I,J,K,L 7.In document H, it says that the Constitution of India establish equality to all the citizens of all classes, establishes rights, and stop untouchability. Now the lowest classes in the India can enjoy their human rights.

8.The British have a lasting impact on the people of India, because in the document C it says the they have undertaken the intellectual emancipation of the Indian people;we are changing the habits of thoughts, the religious ideas, the moral level of the whole country. It means that they change the thoughts, the religious ideas, and the moral level of the whole country in the India, which it also goes impact on the people in India. Also, the British introduced to a lot of new technology, and their rule made India and Pakistan to break.

9.The biggest conflict between the British and the Indians are not getting together well. The British lived their life as if they were living in British. Differences in customs divided Indian society from British society. The British thought that if they mixed with Indian a lot, their rule will be weakened.

10.Positive thing about British rule in India is that India were able to catch up the technology and learn many things. For the negative thing, India divided into many countries after the Britain’s rule. Also it made different ranks.

11.One of the Gandhi’s principle, there is ‘Battle injustice in all its forms, but nevr by resorting to violence.’ This is really simple. Don’t resorting to violence, just don’t obey to them. This is more effective than using violence.

12.Muslims demanded a separate nation, because Muhammad Ali Jinnah was trying to make the Muslims the Hindus. But this idea failed, because the Congress Party didn’t agree with him. The Congress Party’s leader rejected him for a joint the Congress Muslim League. So this lead to the division of India. also theMuslim demanded separate nation because they wanted nation would be made(create) by them.

13.India divided into 4 different nation, because the congress party wanted independence for a united India and Muslim League wanted to separate. India broke into 2 parts, which is Pakistan and India. So these to are two nations, and another two nations are West Pakistan, and East Pakistan.

20/20

Global Impact of Imperialism

 * 1) Watch a student's presentation on the reactions to Imperialism by China and Japan above and take detailed notes. Use the table below. Read [|American Imperialism Overview] to complete the 3rd column.**




 * 2) Find one political cartoon for the impact of imperialism in China, one for the impact on Korea and one for American Imperialism.**

1)Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is anti imperialism, because in the middle there are dragon which is says “China”. Also dragon is surrounded by many other animals which is another foreign countries. Which means that all of them are fighting with each other to trade with China.

2)What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? This images shows that China is very powerful countries and many of foreign countries are fighting for trade with China, because when they trade with China, they could get many resources.

3)What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? The European are seems selfish animal in here, because they are fighting over territory that are weak. Most of them have the weapons in their hands, which means they are already to fight.

4)What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits OR costs of imperialism? It quickly happened to causing the countries to trade. I think China accepted to trade with foreign countries is very good choice.



1.Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is anti imperialism, because Japanese soldiers are stepping Korean on the way.

2.What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? In this image, Korean is shown as helpless. Korean didn’t like these kinds of actions. Also, it seems like Korean is the way/road to go to Manchuria.

3.What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? The Japanese is shown as rude person, because by stepping Korea, he is trying to go to Manchuria with rude face. ( He doesn’t feel anything about stepping Korean)

4.What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits OR costs of imperialism? This images is giving message about Japan was cruel, rude and mistreated Korean by stepping Korean and use him for his road to Manchuria. I think the benefit for them use Korea is to continue their pathway/road was to Asia.



1.Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? I think this image is pro imperialism, because before United States rescued them from oppression, they carried heavy things which is pressure, and didn’t live well. I can tell this by looking at their clothes. However, after United States rescued them from oppression, they live well. They wear hats, and didn’t carry heavy stuff which means no pressure, also they wear good clothes.

2.What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? In this image, native people are shown as poor and mistreated, at the first time(the picture which is above the second picture). However after United States captured those countries, they live quite well(Second picture). They wear hats, and good clothes.

3.What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? The American is shown as good and helpful people to them. Also hero to them, because before they captured them, they lived badly, poor and had to carry heavy things which means pressure. However, after United States captured them, they lived quite good. I can tell this by looking at their clothes, and the face expression.

4.What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits OR costs of imperialism? This images is giving message about United States helped those countries, and made them live well. Also, they also didn’t give heavy pressure on them. So I can tell United States was hero from them.

Economic Imperialism
1.Feudalism cause wealth, which means that it was a system in which people were given land and protection by people of higher rank, and worked and fought for them in return. The more land you own more richer you are. Mercantilism is the theory that states that a nation’s power is based on its wealth compared to other nations. Capitalism is different from these two economic systems. Capitalism doesn’t include with land but they include trade. Also, capitalism is free market which means no government.

2.Capitalism brought the most successful economic growth. Also, the economic system is very powerful system. They needed a labor and resources for them to grow. By trading, income had increased, which means europeans product had increased.

Your definition of mercantilism does not clearly differentiate it from capitalism. Cartoon 3 is well done, but 1 and 2 are still not clearly explained. Your computer tells you when there's a spelling mistake, so why wouldn't you correct it (eg. "europeans" in the final paragraph)? 15/20

I discuss this with my partner, Erin Kim.
 * __Task 1:__**

__**Task 2: Scramble for Africa**__ Take a look at the map below (or online text pp 343)

1)Which countries controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914? British controlled the larges sections of Africa in 1914. French controlled the second largest sections of Africa in 1914.

2) Why do you think these countries had the largest area of Africa? The British, French and other countries could countries Africa, because most powerful Europe countries imperialize most countries. For British, their industrialism develop farther than other countries. Also, they could produce more than another countries.

__**Task 3:**__ Watch the video below and continue to add to your notes. Make sure that you include the long term impacts of Colonization as well.

__**Task 4:**__ For more information read **European Imperialism in Africa (Overview)** on ABC Clio (user id is kis, pw is welcome) and answer the questions below 1)What was the Berlin Conference? The Berlin Conference was held from November 15, 1884 to January 20m 1885. The great European powers were France, Great Britain, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Italy and Spain were attended. Also United States attended to divide the African continent into colonial holdings.

2) What were the three outcomes of the conference? There were the three outcomes of the conference. One, any sovereign power that wanted to claim any territory should inform the other powers “in order to... make good any claim of their own.” Second, any occupation should be validated or validated by effective occupation. Third, treaties with African rulers were to be considered a valid title to sovereignty.

__**Task 5:**__ Key Skill: Analyzing Political Cartoons (ask the teacher for the handout) Look through the 'Images of Imperialism' handout. For each of the images answer the following questions using evidence from the image to support your ideas. NOTE: You really need to analyze why an Artist has used certain images or words. Remember: a picture is worth a 1000 words!!!

Picture 1: 1.This picture is pro-imperialism, because a rich European man is putting(reaching) his hands on a map of African with label that says “Gold Fields”. 2.I think African is showed as they are helpful to European for trading. On the map, it labelled says “Gold Fields”. Also I think they are shown as people that are easy to take over. 3.The British and Americans are wealth, avarice people. Also, their hands are on Africa, which means they want Africa, and to get wealth. The author is sending the message about the benefits of imperialism. They took the benefit from expanding their territories in Africa. (Africa is far away from them)

Picture 2: 1)This image is pro-imperialism because the African young children is following a white man. And the white man is leading them to the light. 2)Africans and Asians (Asians are not shown in picture) are shown as children.Children ignorant, and stupid. They are following the educated man (European man), and he will teach them such as respect, and manner. 3.The British and American are shown as the people that are teaching the children. They lead, teach and help them to be more civilized. 4.The author is sending message about that European were kind and helpful to African, because they taught them, and help them. Also, they lead African and Asian to the light.

Picture 3: 1.This image is anti- imperialism, because a snake with a head of European is trying to squeeze an African. So, African is trying to get out from that snake. 2.Africans are caught by the rules of imperialists and they don’t have any choice but to listen to them. 3.The British and American are shown as the people who have power to control African,, and they also took the freedom away from them. 4.The author is sending message about how European was powerful and African wanted them to get out from their land. Also it shows that African didn’t have freedom, so they had to do what they told them to do.

Picture 4: 1.This image is pro-imperialism, because the first image is telling us that the European navy is so powerful, so another countries is begging them to be alive and join the same side. The second image is telling us that they hunts the weak, and evil things. The third image tells us that Englishmen and another Europeans are honest people. 2.Africans and Asians are shown as people who feels kind of good for European and American to come. They are living in the bad condition with dangerous animals, so European and American come and hunt dangerous animals, which means they are protecting them. Also, they are shown as people who can trust them, people who helping them. 3.The British and American are shown as people who had lots of power, and scary, but they still protect them from danger and also they can trust British and American. 4.The author is sending message about the European lead white race and African countries are seeing benefit from the them, and lastly British and American are trustworthy.

Picture 5: 1.This image is anti -imperialism. In this picture, the white children is treated better than the black children. The white children have their own desk and own chair, but the black skin children are sitting on the bench together. 2.The African is shown as people who are not treated equally as the white children, and not getting same education. 3.The British and American are shown as that they are better than the black skin color children, also they could get better treatment. 4.The author is sending message about African ( The Black Man) were not on the same level as the White man and they treated badly.

Picture 6: 1.This picture is anti-imperialism. The big bird with crown on the head are are looking down on the Africans. The big bird is shown by the European. Also in this picture, African is shown as people that want them to get out from their countries, which means they want to get rid of powerful countries. 2.African are shown by the target, however, they still want to protect their countries, which is homes and land. So European want to eat up land and become wealthy people. 3.The British and American are shown as they are going to do anything, which includes violence. Also it is shown as they keep coming near the Africans and attack them, and they are shown as the bird who wear crown on the head. 4.The author is sending message about the African didn’t want them to come and control over them.

Picture 7: 1.This image is anti-imperialism. It tell us that white people wanted more land, but actually they didn’t care about the problems happening in in the African countries that they were supposed to take care of. 2.African are shown as victims for European to gain more land, power, and money. 3.The British and American are shown as people who is only care about to gain money, land and power. Thy didn’t care about nations, even they promised to take care of them. 4.The author is sending message about the white man ignored the troubles happening in the nations and they just kept planning on which countries to take next. And didn’t mind the nation die or not.

You need to work on improving your understanding of political cartoons as most of these have been misunderstood or only partially understood. 25/30


 * __Michale Parenti's Article__**

Imperialism did start in Europe.I think it is because imperialism started in Britain, and Britain is Europe. In Enlightenment, it started in Florida, and it spread to Europe. Same as this, at first it started in Britain, and it spread to Europe.
 * 1.Why did imperialism start in Europe?**

The incentive of Europe to become imperialists over other countries, because of industrial revolution, rapid development, lack of resources, lack of resources therefore needed to find something/somewhere to replace them.
 * 2.What was the incentive of Europe to become imperialists over other countries?**

Africa was colonized by European powers because it was close enough to reach by ship. It had valuable resources (rubber, gold, diamonds, later oil), and the people lacked sufficient technology to defend themselves. Until the 20th century, most powerful nations considered it their right to colonize any weaker areas and extract whatever profit they could.
 * 3.Why was Africa imperialized?**

Imperialism affect the world today and it also change the world. The land occupied could be helped to evolve to the Western countries, it showed the country had power therefore would fend off other countries, when ware erupts the could help with each other.
 * 4.How did imperialism change the world?**

Disadvantages and advantages are not equal. They did a lot of bad things to develop the world today. They caused the war, racial discrimination and made the large gap between rich and poor. I think they made the racial discrimination and gap between rich and poor worse than before the imperialism. Also, children also had to work even though they are young. Of course, because of imperialism the world developed a lot, new technologies and new knowledges. But still, to gain those things, a lot of people had to die, feel the pain, and they even had to live in the bad pollution place. So I think there were more disadvantages than advantages.
 * 5.Do the benefits of imperialism outweigh the costs?**

__Introduction to Imperialism: Reading__
Read pages 10-16 of the handout (Imperialism in the Modern Age: A History in Documents) and take notes on the reasons and justifications for Imperialism, areas that were imperialised and the impact of imperialism (positive __//and//__ negative).



Which were reasons, which were justifications?


 * Document-Based Question:** Do Darwin’s theories apply to culture and society? Why or why not? Use the excerpts above and strong examples to support your points.

Yes, Darwin’s theories apply to culture and society. He discusses about struggle for existence, and the survival of the fittest. In struggle for existence, he mentioned that the people of the same grouping have more competition, because they have common characteristics which means they struggle more with each other than with other species. So people struggle to keep their culture and existence alive. This is very well related to imperialism, because the indigenous people are trying to protect their own traditions and culture alive from the invasion people(Invading countries). Also, in survival of the fittest, countries like Europe and US were able to look after other countries that they have colonized, so that they can bring profit for their country. Also in survival of the fittest, it says that the one who has good traits, pass on their genes to their next generation, which means people will only remember strong countries (countries that dominate other countries)’s culture,because people will follow strong countries culture and don’t follow their own countries culture. So they may even forget their own countries culture. Basically, strong countries’s culture will be left for future generations.

I'm glad that you have related Darwin's theory to imperialism, though you have not considered all the implications. If "survival of the fittest" is natural, right and good, then strong countries (eg. Japan) had the right to dominate, even eliminate (make to go extinct) weaker countries (like

Korea in the early 20th century)! 9/10

In Kipling’s poem, “The White Man’s Burden” is the duty of imperializing nations to bring western culture and sensibility to the savage native populations that were encountered in far off lands. Also have the duty to control people who is undeveloped. So I think white man is look down on them. The white man think that undeveloped people have to listen to them.
 * The White Man's Burden**
 * 1.What is “The White Man’s Burden” based on Rudyard Kipling’s description in this poem?**

I disagree with Kipling’s characterization, because he viewed the undeveloped country as country that need help without people’s voice, or opinion. Wealthy and powerful countries say that they are doing these things for nation’s people’s benefit, however I think it is actually good for their countries to gain profit.
 * 2.Do you agree or disagree with Kipling’s characterization? Why or why not?**

I think the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800s to early 1900s, they thought they are the best and smart than any other countries, which means they look down on them, and thought that they have to teach them. In the poem it says, "Your new-caught, sullen peoples Half devil and half child" which is negative towards other nations. This shows that they thought they are the best than them.
 * 3.What does this say about the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800 - early 1900’s? Use specific examples from the poem.**

I think KIS might be “The White Man’s Burden” to modern Korean society, because these days, many Korean people who gone overseas, and experience the different education between Korea and foreign countries’ education, so they understand that education KIS is good even its different from Korean public school. But there are people who think that foreign education in Korea is not good as public Korean school, so they might blame the foreigners, because they influence Korea. So I think American and European could be seen as “The White Man’s Burden.”
 * 4.Is KIS an example of “The White Man’s Burden” in modern Korean society? Why or why not?**

Mina, these words are not yours: "is the duty of imperializing nations to bring western culture and sensibility to the savage native populations that were encountered in far off lands." Plagiarism is unacceptable and I must give you a "0" for this assignment. The next time this happens there will be more serious consequences, as per the KIS policy on academic honesty.


 * Document-Based Questions**


 * 1.Why would Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels disagree about the effects of industrialization?**

Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels disagrees about the negative impact of Industrialization. Andrew Carnegie thinks that the nation earn products by trading, and Friedrich Engels think that if people are lucky, then they are lucky enough to find any jobs. However, in reality, a lot of people are jobless and poor. They enjoyed the increases in production.


 * 2.What might be reasons for 16-year-old Mary Paul’s satisfaction with her job and life in Lowell?**

16 year old Mary Paul;s satisfactions with her job and life in Lowell, because in young age it is hard to have a job. Also, she doesn’t need to worry about starving, because they produce food to her.


 * 3.Why might the political cartoon by Walter Crane be used in getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism?**

The political cartoon by Walter Crane be used in getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism, because the picture shows that it against capitalism, and socialism is heaven for them. It also shows capitalism lead people to death. This Picture dragged people to agree with this picture and make them angry about it.

WHY do Carnegie and Engels disagree? You need to work on your English writing skills. "... they produce food to her"? "this picture dragged people to agree"? I'd strongly urge you to increase your reading -- the stuff you read for PLEASURE -- as research has shown time and again that this is the single most effective way to improve language skills. 8/10


 * Article Questions**

I think Marx will not agree that these countries were “communist”. Most of them are communist, but China is not fully communist. At the first time, China tried to make everyone equal which means no rich and poor. However, these days, China has many things that are like capitalism. For example, Shanghai are like capitalism. They has own company, and some of them are rich. Also they trade things with another countries. They live like capitalism now, like us. Also, lots of countries on this map became capitalism. So most of them are no longer Communist.
 * Would Marx have agree that these countries were "communist"?**

The communist world spread to several countries, and affect them. However, it didn’t go as they planned. In 1979 and 1983, Albania,South Yemen,East Germany,Rumania,Mongol,Mozambique,Benin and so on. Lots of countries were communist world. However now, lots of countries changed to capitalism. So now, there’s only China, Cuba,Laos, Vietnam, and North Korea are communist.
 * What has happened to the "communist" world?**

I think communism was not successful. There are still communists in Asia. But not in Europe. At first time, there were many communists countries in the world, but today, there's not much communists countries. Also ,China is start to changing to capitalism, and some of the city in China live like capitalism now. Today, there are more capitalism then communists, and capitalism are more popular, because people have different kind to things and opinion in communists, but in capitalism, people buy what they want, say what they want to say, and get more money if they work more harder.
 * Why do you think this has happened?**

I think the Union movement and the reform laws made the gap between the rich and poor smaller. Union bargained for better working conditions and higher pay. If factory owners refused theses, union members could strike, or refuse to work. Also they shared goals of raising wages and improving working conditions. The reform laws gave workers that they can work less and get the same wages, more safety at work, protection for children. Children under 9 years old can’t work. and they gave the work time limited to children. Also made the workers better lives.
 * What do you think of the idea that the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world never materialized (see p. 270) because of the Union movement (the formation of trades unions who unite to demand better working conditions for workers) and reform laws (to improve conditions for workers, eg. safety requirements, limits on the length of the working day, minimum wages)?**

//The Industrial Revolution// //1) The Industrial Revolution, and the urbanization that accompanied it, have been described as a mixed blessing. To what extent to you agree with this statement?// I believed that the Industrial revolution had more positive impact to the world. The Industrial Revolution created new and more jobs for workers. It fostered technological progress and invention. It greatly increased the production of goods and raised the standard of living. Most importantly, it provided the hope of improvement in people’s lives. Also, it created a demand for engineers and people were interested in other education subjects. During 1800s, workers lives gradually improved, and created factories that could create goods, clothes more quickly, so it could be sold at cheaper prices, which means people could save money and use it for other things. Most importantly, all the different classes improved. It helped people live better lives by have healthier diets and better housing through the use of machines. The Industrial Revolution was the most important thing to history, because it cause and lead to improve society and the world.

The Industrial Revolution Photo Essays After I took a look page 65 to 72, I was shock and very surprised. How those little children can work in factories as same as adult? When I saw the picture, nobody were smiling nor have happy face. Usually, when you are taking pictures, you smile, because you want to show people that you are happy right now. Its hard to see those situation in 21 century. In the second picture, which is people are heading to factories with their own meals, and boys are in the center. It shows that at that time, it was normal that boys were working in the factories. However in 21 century, if boys working in the factories, then everyone will shocking! It's unusual thing. Also, girls whose more younger than me are working in the silk spinning factories. They have to work there for hours in front of the boiling hot water in summer. Also, boys whose much younger than me have to work in the factories either, and their bodies were smaller than the machines. When you see the picture on page 71, young girls participate in a May Day labor parade in New York City. They were holding the sign, "Abolish Child Slavery" in both English and Yiddish. It is understandable that children participate in a May Day labor in New York City, because children didn't have any freedom and it was common things that boys whose working in the cotton factories caught the white lung disease. After I saw these pictures, I realized that children in 19 century didn't have any freedom and had really different life than children that we see today. They were not allowed to hang out with their friends, go to school and learn basic knowledge, and medical treatment whenever you get hurt. Therefore, in Industrial Revolution, people would given them painful, and stressful life to children.

4. Why did Napoleon's empire collapse? Napoleon had hoped to make his empire larger in both Europe and the New World. he took steps to make his empire larger, but these steps led to mistakes that brought about his down fall. He had several mistakes that caused him to collapse. First mistake was crush Britain. Second mistake was make his brother king of Spain. Third mistake was his wort mistake, he tried to conquer Russia. However, his soldiers didn't have food or supplies. Also winter was coming, so he had to order them to go back to France. His power became weaker and weaker, but he didn't stop fighting. Finally, in 1814, Napoleon gave up his throne. But he took power and raised another army, so he did the battle called Battle of Waterloo, which was his last battle. And he lost his power.

5. What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna? The goals of the Congress of Vienna are wanted to make sure that the French would not attack another country again, balance of power in which no one nation was too strong, put kings back in charge of the countries from which they had been removed.They wanted Europe to be peaceful.

Fred Hampton: You can kill a revolutionary but you can never kill the revolution. I chose the picture ( a man hold the steel tick and behind him, something is burning), because I think it means he could kill the people who is doing revolution, like he could hit and kill them with steel tick that he is holding. Also, he could burn the car, like it does behind him. However, he can't kill those situation which is revolution. He could kill revolutionary as many as he can, but he can't erase or kill the revolution which is already happened. He could stop the revolution for the future, but he can't erase or killed the revolution that already happened.

Peter I the Great Poster Link: http://minarhee.edu.glogster.com/9fminarheepeterithegreat/

=1.what is absolutism?=

Absolutism is govern the country by one absolute power, such as kihng ans queen. Also Absolutism is the systme of kingship. Absolutism in Europe was that King ruled a centralized state with absolute sovereignty. Also it occur form the 15th century to the end of the 18th century, and also at that time it often used as combining of nation states. These days, we called an absoulte monarch, dictator.

2. Explian the justification for absolutism referred to as the 'diine right of king'. In France, Bishop Jacques Benigne Bossuet affirmed that absolute power could be justified through the divine right of kings to rule which means that an authority given to monarchs directily by God. The monarch is subject to now eartly authority, and get his right to ruel directly form the will of God.

3.List the causes of the rise of Absolutism in Europe. The causes of the rise of absolutism ion Europe is the calamitous 14th century, people were read to accept a strong monarch, if he resotred order from chaos.Also, The Protestant Reformation gave to absolutism too. Papla influece got weak in many states, and they needed guidance fo rm a powerful ruler. To contorl, monarchs requierd a bureaucracy which it hlepled to maintain central authority Bureaucrats were for collecting taxes, apply laws and royal decrees. Collecting taxes by bureacrats made establish large, standing armies which further consolidated their power.

4. Explian breifly how absolutism developed in -Spain: In Spain, Dynastic marriages increased the territorial holdings of the Habsburg royal family. Also at that time, Philip II made every decision which it turn closely to supervise his territories.

-France: A king Louis XIV believed that he was God's lieutenant on Earth. He performed his monarchical and ceremonial tasks, however he didn't hold a mercy to the people who questioned his authority. Louis' ministers, who complying to him, helped to build ceremonial power all over his kingdom

-England: In England, the development of absolutism was different. The Tudor era (1485 to 1603) monarchs worked with the British Parliament and they used it to their advantage to improve their power and lives of their countrymen.

-Russia: In Russia, Ivan IV grandson of Ivan III, centralized and expanded Russia. In 18th century, Peter I established absolutism in Russia. He fought many wars, opened (spread) Russia to the West. As a result, he suppressed the power of the church. Also Russian empress Catherin II nevertheless considered herself an enlightened despot, and she showed her liberal intentions. These things cause Absolutism developed in Russia.

= Video =

Montesquieu
media type="youtube" key="yL4VCCO5NKs" height="315" width="420"

= = = Port 4 =

//"Edicts For 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan" APPARTS://
Author: The author of this article is Tokugawa Ieyasu, who lived from 1543 to 1616. He wanted Japan to be isolated from the foreign countries. He was a powerful person at that time.

Place and Time: This article was created in the 1630s in Japan.

Prior Knowledge: I know that at that time, Europe was still going through the Renaissance, and China still closed the door from the world. Also, Japan isolated from the foreigners for the next 200 years.

Audience: The audience for this article are the Nagasaki port, where Japan’s trade with other countries happened the most. He wrote this sources to them because these sources were to block out foreign traders. Also this source might be created for the people who were Japan under the control of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Reason: The reason why Tokugawa Ieyasu wrote this sources were to not exposed to foreign countries. So Japanese didn’t have any contact with people from outside of Japan.

The main idea: The main idea of this source is that Tokugawa Ieyasu was so serious about blocking all the foreign countries trade with Japan. and also people in Japan can not contact with other foreign countries. If somebody break this law they got the punishment which is death.

Significance: This sources are significance because it tell us how much Tokugawa Ieyasu feared and how serious he was about blocking the foreign countries. There was the punishment of death for people who break the law which is contact with the foreign countries.

Video 4 questions.
Who was the “Bald Rat”? Bald Rat was Toyotomi Hideyoshi. He was the soldier to take control of Japan. He rebuild the Japan. Also he thought he was the master of the world, so first he thought that it is easy to attack China, but then they found the small country called ‘Korea’, and it was in the way to go to China. They thought it is really easy to take away the Korea, but they were defeated by the Korean turtle ships. So they couldn’t even go to China.

2)Where did Japan hope to build its empire? Japan hoped to build its empire in China at the first time, because he thought it is easy to take over the China. But then they found Korea which was small country and it was middle of the way to go to China. So they attack the Korea first, because they thought it is small country, so it is easy to take over.

What stopped it from building its empire as planned? The Korean army created a secret weapon called the “turtle ship” that kick out Japan.

Why didn’t they try again? The Japanese did not try again, because when the Japan failed to attack Korea, Hideyoshi died on the year 1598.

//"Qianlong" APPARTS://
Author: Qianlong wrote this letter, and he was the emperor of China from 1734 to 1795, which means he was fourth emperor to rule over the Chia,is the author of this article.

Place and Time: The source written in 1792 China which is emperor’s country. Also it was written in the end of the 18th century..

Prior Knowledge: Before I read this article, I knew that China keep their people from being exposed to foreign people. And also China isolated itself from the world for 200 years, and don’t know what’s going on in the world.That means that they don’t even know that there was Renaissance in Europe.

Audience: This letter was written to king George 3 of England from Qianlong. Qianlong went to the China to trade with them, so they can get the good stuff from China. He wrote the letter about his views on Chinese trade with England, and his opinions and what he thought.

Reason: The reason why Qianlong wrote the letter to king George 3 is that he had to report the things what’s happening there, and did China is trading with them, its going well, or its going bad. Because king George 3 was the one who send Qianlong to China, so he have to response to the King’s actions. So by reading this letter, he could know what’s going on there, and knows what’s they are thinking right now, and what they are going to do for this problems, and some information about China, which means that this letter shows his clear opinion why he didn’t want to trade with another place than the Guangzhou.

The main Idea: The main idea of this article is that the emperor is refusing King George 3 of England’s request to open another port for foreign trade. This letter tell England that they can’t do as what they want to do and what they wish. Also Qianlong wrote this letter to reject King George 3‘s request to trade at ports other than Gungzhou. He wrote the reasons why he think that why and explain his reasons.

Significance: This article is significant because the emperor himself is telling the reason why foreign trade can’t be other place than Guangzhou. Also it shows how China acts towards Europe, they looked down on Europe. Scientific achievements, general knowledge, and other things, Europe was much higher than China.

= =

= Assignment with Erin Kong =

**The Age of Exploration:Would you go?**
The explores could be rewarded with money for their explorations. They could also receive a portion of their findings of goods such as gold, spices, food, and silk.

When embarking on a voyage into the unknown, there could be many dangerous risks that explores have to take. There could be environmental disasters including typhoons, and thunder storms and diseases such as scurvy on ship. Also, the lack of food might result in starvation of crew members. Because they don't have very sophisticated navigation tools, they could get lost on sea or land.They might also be in jeopardy of being attacked by unfamiliar animals when exploring.

When I meet the new people, I’m going to be very curious about them and have the questions on their actions that differ from my daily routine. I would also observe their language, appearance, and what they eat to find out the differences between them and me. If I find that they have our country’s need, I would try to talk to them about trading goods that we need.

Astrolabe
Astrolabe is a compact instrument used to observe and calculate the position of celestial bodies before the invention of sextant. It is used to determine the location of Sun, Moon, planets, and stars. Furthermore, Astrolabe is useful when determining local time given, local latitude. It was invented by Hipparchus around 200 BC.

Port 3
1.Around 1500, European colonists in the American who needed cheap labor start to e use Africans on plantations and farms. In African there were slavery too. The spread of Islam into Africa ushered in an increase in slavery and the slave trade. Portuguese traders were more interested in trading for gold than for captured africans. Europeans thought that it is good to use Africans in America, because many Africans had been exposed to European diseases and built up some immunity, many Africans can do farming and taught plantation work, they were less likely to escape because don’t know their way around the new land, and lastly their skin color is easy to catch. In time, there were trade called Atlantic slave trade which is buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas. Te Spanish took an early lead in importing Africans to the Americas. During the 17th century, more than 40 percent of all Africnas brought to the Americas went to Brazil.

2.The triangular trade route is known as Africans transported to the Americas part of a transatlantic trading network. Africans transported to the Americas which is slaves and other goods and stuff were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and other colonies in the Americas.For examples, Merchants bought sugar, coffee, and tobacco in the West Indies and they sailed to Europe with these products. Also there are another example, Merchants carried other goods from the New England colonies to Africa. They exchanged their merchandise for Africans. The traders transported the Africans to the West Indies and sold them for sugar. Then they sold these goods to rum in New England.By this route, they can sail different goods in other countries. So it start from Africa to America. This is how the The triangular trade works. They could get the new goods from the other countries by the triangular trade.The triangular trade route is the route that Africans transported to the Americas part of a transatlantic trading net work. They exchanged the goods with other countries, and they sailed their goods and sailed the goods that they exchanged. So that is how this the triangular trade route works.

3.The huge loss of African culture and history that would usually be told to the younger generations of Africans. In Africa, they usually choice the younger generations of Africans, also countless African families were separated, so many of them were never reunited.For example, since over 10 million enslaved Africans were traded just for labor and grow crops, the only way to reviving their culture were to use the same traditions they learned in Africa; like sining, dancing, or chanting. But the slave masters mostly let them do these things in an African funeral.They use the same traditions that they learned in Africa. So make the song about their life and how hard was it, how sad was it, and by singing this song, it is much easier to teach their child to learn their history.The huge loss of African culture and history that would usually be told to the younger generations of Africans,which they usually choice the younger generations of Africans. Also the only way to reviving their culture were to use the same traditions they learned in Africa. So their child could learn the history easily.

The links that we found the information.
Astrolabe 1.http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astrolabe 2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolabe

Charts Columbus:http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/indexs.shtml Hudson:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1146.html Cartier second voyage : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier http://www3.sympatico.ca/goweezer/canada/z00cartier2.htm Our voyage: http://academic.udayton.edu/health/syllabi/tobacco/history.htm

Map Caritier’s second voyage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cartier_Second_Voyage_Map_1.png

Hudson’s fourth voyage: http://www.ianchadwick.com/hudson/voyage_04.htm

Columbus’s first voyage: http://www.columbusnavigation.com/v1.shtml

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= Class # 16(class work #13) = Picture 1: Countries with more than 1 million Muslims From this picture, I could realized that some countries where I thought the number of Muslims could be really little, however actually there are more than million Muslims. China, Egypt and Russia were the countries where I didn't expect that there were not many Muslims. In China, there are 21.7 million Muslims. This could also tell us that there were the trade between different countries people.

Picture 2: Voyages of Zheng He The map of Zheng He's voyage was very surprised to me. They traveled great distance. I didn't know that China traveled to Africa Persian Empire and Mughal Empire. These shows that China was in great strength, wealth and power. I could also tell that China advanced a lot than other countries during the golden ages.

= Class#15 = 1.I see a young naked man and old man surrounded by other naked people and they both trying to touch each others fingers. I think it is painting drawn by Greece and Italy people, and it is famous painting, also people usually draw this painting on the ceiling. I wonder why a young naked man and old man are trying to touch each others fingers, who they are, what is their relationship, and lastly why a young man is naked. = =

= Class #11&12 = 1. In 1421, Chinese create the biggest ship in the world until world war 2. It was the biggest ship in the world. This picture shows that Chinese had more technology than other country people. Also, they had more technology than Europe. To create this ship, they need a lot of money to create this big ship and need many people to handle this ship. So this pictures shows us power, strength and wealth of China.

2.This pictures shows the Europe map in 1421. There are a lot of Kingdoms. Some of them are same as today, but France, England,etc, changed.The Holy Roman Emperor Emperor of Byzantium, the Dogue of Venice, and the kings of England, France, Castile and Portugal, all of them are came from Europe.

The Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire come from German, part of the Italy (one over six),Belgium, Czech Republic, Austria, part of the Poland(two over four), The Netherlands, Switzerland.

The Emperor of Byzantium(Constantinople) The Emperor of Byzantium come from Turkey, and Constantinople is now know as Istanbul. Istanbul is the city of the Turkey, and Constantinople is the old name of Istanbul.

The Doge(ruler) of Venice The Doge(ruler) of Venice come from Italy Regione del Veneto.

The kings of England The kings of England come from England London, and in 1421, Henry VI who was king of the England lived in the Windsor Castle. In these days, Elizabeth II live in London Downtown in Buckingham palace where on Monday to Friday, and she live in London suburb in Windsor Castle on Saturday, Sunday, and holiday.

The kings of France. The kings of France lived in France Pairs in 1421, and they live in Louvre palace(//Palais du Louvre).In these days, the Louvre palace has housed the celebrated// Musee du Louvre as well as various government departments.

The kings of Castile Kingdom of Castile is now Spain, in 1421, king lived in Arenas De San Pedro which is in Spain, and it built between 1393 and 1423. Now this castle restored and address for this Plaza del Generalisimo, 105400 ARENAS DE SAN PEDRO, Spain.

The kings of Portugal The kings of Portugal in 1421, they lived in Lisbon. The king live in the Castle of Sao Jorge in 1421. This castle is in city of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.

3. This picture shows how today's territories of China is. At the first, China started from small China, and it the states were not together. Also there were the time when China was peaceful, and there were also the time when ware between the separated states. However, at the end, the separated states got together and became today's China.

//4.This picture shows The Silk Roads. It started from China, and it spread to Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan,and so on. This silk roads develop the world,because the Chinese technology spread out, and some dishes and other things.// //Through what MODERN countries did the silk roads go?// //The Silk Routes passes through India,Pakistan, Turkey, China, Israel, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan.//

//5.This picture shows the populations of Europe in 1400s and 1600s.In 1400s, I think many people lived in rural and near the sea. Because they can trade the things with other country by ships( over the seas). However, after two hundred years, people started to live in Urban, maybe they found out more easier way to trade the things with other country or they found out that there are more good things in the urban, or there are more foods, more easy to live than rural. So I think this map shows growth of cities(increasing people in the cities).//

//6. Long time ago, Zhu Di's walled palace was really large building, and only rich and powerful people could build this thing. The walled palace was the biggest palace that people ever seen, but in these days, people can see how Beijing big is and also could know that walled palace was really small compared to Beijing. In these days, they can build more big building. However, long time ago, Zhu Di was the only one person who had power to build the walled palace, but now walled palace is really small part of the China.//

//7.I think if the Great Wall extended to Beijing to west 6400km, it will reached to Turkey, around mount Ararat 16,940Ft.5,165m.// //To build this wall, Chinese people must have been really powerful. Great Wall are huge and long. Reason why they built the Great Wall is to protect China from enemies. There are part where the walls overlap, i think they built that way because that areas were easy to attack.//

//8.This pictures shows the prime meridian (0˚), where all latitude coordinates would be measured, also this pictures shows the earth. Zhu Di wanted the prime meridian to be Beijing, but the prime meridian chosen to Greenwich which is in England.//

9.This picture shows the Grand Canal which it started from Beijing to Hangzhou. It is really great technology, because from Beijing to Hangzhou are so far, that means that it took a lot of people, power, strength to canal. The grand canal passes through many cities and it also make people to transfer easier.

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Class #10 2011.sep. 2th = Three Maps = 1. These maps are where the Renaissance happened, which country were Renaissance. For example, what country studied about the science and humanism. 2. These maps shows how the Renaissance spread to Europe. (how Islam spread) = =

My Family History

Picture of source Written source

Unwritten source



Interview my dad. media type="file" key="My family history interview.mp3" width="240" height="20" Brief description of source

The Picture for the unwritten source, my dad wrote it when he lived in that small house. It says that, he lived there for one year at that house. Secondly, the picture for the written source, that is the pictures where he lived with his older brother. Those pictures shows that house was really small and dirty, and didn't have time to wash the dishes, also show us that it was really hard to live there. Lastly, I interview my dad about how did he lived there for one year without parents, and what was the most difficultly in Japan living with your older brother?, what was the most good thing about living with your older brother in Japan?, what was the most good memory in Japan living with your older brother?.

Source type The Unwritten source is Primary sources, because he wrote it down when he was living in Japan with his older brother. The written sources are Primary sources, because even I took the picture that my dad took it, it is still primary because, he took those three pictures when he was living in Japan with his older brother. The Interview is Secondary Sources, because he told me the story today, not at that time when he was in Japan.

Short explanation of the source’s significance to the event Sources are significance to the event because, people don't really believe and not sure when I only tell them the story. To show them and prove what I told them is true, I have to show them some sources. The pictures that can prove my story, and the things that I used in that story or the letter. So if I show them some sources that are related to my story, people are going to believe my story.

Written or oral (e.g. podcast) recount of the event with direct reference to all of the sources When my dad was 9th grade, we lived in Japan with his older brother for one year. The house was really small, and it was almost impossible for two of them to live together. My dad had to make a meal by himself, and at that time there were no Insurance, so his parents had to send them some money. There were no electric fan or heater, so when it was summer, it was really hot, and when it was winter, it was really cold. He also didn't have any time to wash the dishes. But by this experience, he said that he could learn to do everything by himself. = = Mina, please use the blue bar button on the edit toolbar to separate each assignment from later work. Please date your work

= Roles of Historian =

Vocabulary >
 * heretical: A belief or action that heretical is that most people think is wrong, because it disagrees with beliefs that are generally accepted. Also, heretical is a person believing in
 * Faggot : Faggot is bunch of sticks.
 * Eucharist: It is the Christ's last meal with his disciples is celebrated by bread and drinking wine.
 * abstain: deliberately do not do it. Don't do oneself from doing or enjoying something.
 * penance: If I did something wrong, I do something that I find unpleasant to show that I'm sorry.
 * beseeching: A beseeching expression is that tone of voice suggests that person who makes it very much wants someone to do something.
 * source: Source is that person, place, or thing which you get it from.


 * 1) In section 1, //Heretical Beliefs//, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article?

John Hogsflesh of Lewes was walk through the streets of Chichester at market time. When he got to the market, he read the statement declaring that he convicted for heretical beliefs. He had to believe that Christ’s body was Eucharist, but he didn’t believe that. So he speech on 19 November at Midhurst market, and on 21 November at Lewes market. and Finally, 22nd November, he join in the religious procession at Chichester Cathedral to complete his self punishment. ( If he refused to carry out the penance, he burnt to death. ) This main point of the article is that at that time, the Christian control the Rome, and has more power than the king. People have to believe what Christian told them to believe, and if they do not obey to Christian and what they had to believe, they got killed. Also, at that time, people didn't have many power to speak their own opinion.

This is not the main point.

2. What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles? The roles of historian defined by John Arnold is they report on what they finds out, and record it, also act as an interpreter by filling in the gaps of history. I agree with this assumptions, because to tell history to the future, we (historian) have to report what they find out and write it down ( record it). To prove what we wrote and tell them is truth, we have to have some sources to make them believe, so we have to take the sources carefully. There are discover and explorer(new facts), and an author, teaching, organizer, tell the story( make sense) and questioner.

Arnold identifies at least NINE roles of the historian!

3 .What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references? Treating their sources with fidelity mean that historian should take the sources and the any records. They have to treat history as it is, and don't change anything, if they change even one thing, the whole history might change. It is important to remember this when reading historical references, because historian who report this information might be reporting with their own point of view, if the do, the history might change little bit, also when they tell us the story and the truth, the sources show us that what they told us is truth.

Good answer.

4. How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view? The single event be interpreted in more than one way depending on who is the interpreter is. Not the everyone thing exactly same way. They might think different way with one event. I spend in Japan for half of my life. They might think that Korean lived in Japan, so Korea and Japan can lived peacefully together, or they might think that Kora and Japan can understand with each other and share their thoughts.

Good answer.

5. Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response. Three years ago, My friends and I argue about who spend their more in the project and who work more harder. But now, when I think about this incident, I'm so shamed and think that I has childish. I don't think it is possible for a historian to be completely objective, because historian might have a lot of different opinions and their own thoughts. One opinion might be, that see who spend more time in the project and who work more harder, and the other opinion might be, My friends and I'm both childish and shameless.

Good answer.

6. What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history? When historian practice subjective history, it might be problem because they might change the history by their own thoughts, but subjective history can be beneficial to the study of history, because historian can learn what other historian think about it, and humans minds works. It make sense to us to remember the event as we did, because we both had different opinion from different point of view. Even if we talk about it again, we might still have different opinion. This tell us about history that not every things on the text book is true, there might be some false. However, it depends on who wrote that text book.

Great answer!

7. Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not? Every historian is a storyteller, because report what they find out from their different point of view, and tell people what they find out. If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, we won not trust historians, because people who writes the reports might write down from their own thoughts and ideas.

"We won not trust historians"?? Not sure what that means, but I think you may have jumped to the wrong conclusion.

8. How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views? After I read this, my point of view of history and historians changed. I will approach history now that not every thing on the text book is truth, and historians might write their own thoughts or ideas in the text books, and write not truth things.

So is it lies?

8/10