Hannah's+World

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 * Debate Exam(4/21/12)**


 * Class 47(5/15/12)**

__Aftermath of the War in Europe and Japan--Venn Diagram__

__Do you think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes? Explain your thinking.__

Incomplete. 5/10

__Thoughts on the Nazi Holocaust__ //1. Twins// While watching this video, I felt great pity towards these twins. However, the lucky thing is that since they were very healthy/looked healthy, they weren't killed. The Nazis did terrible things on them like painful experiments. The twins were blessed and were able to get married and have children. Not many people were able to do this and I can see that the women are very thankful for where they are right now.
 * Class 46(5/11/12)**

//2. Brothers// This video really shocked me because at the time of the Holocaust, the little boy didn't know that he was going to never see his mother and sister again. He doesn't even remember kissing her goodbye. This man was very brave to fight for his family and survive. The Nazis hurt the Jews not only physically, but mentally as well.

//3. Mordecai Eldar// This video showed me that during the Holocaust, having dead people all around you, wasn't a very scary thing to the people. It was actually very normal to see dead people lying around everywhere. This man knew that his turn would come soon, but actually ended up surviving, which I thought was very amazing! People weren't being fed properly and even the scraps of bread could save a person. This man doesn't even know how he survived, but he thanks his parents a lot and respects them as a whole. He learned after the Holocaust and decided to devote his life to the Military.

//4. Zanne Farbstein's// This woman saw lots of devastating scenes throughout her life. She's seen little children being thrown into fire pits burned alive. This is not acceptable and it's something you can't even imagine. When the cameraman asked "Alive?" she responded in a very disgusted way. In a way where she didn't want to talk about it. These Holocaust survivors all can't believe that they have survived such an event.

5. Yaakov Hollander This man used music to optimize his mood and I think this is true for everyone actually. Music usually makes my thoughts disappear as well. When the man talked about his most devastating moment, I thought about it because even that kind of small cake meant a lot to these people. I think everyone at this place is very caring and thinks for others.

//6. Sophie Engelsman// This woman also was very skinny, and I'm noticing throughout all of the videos that everyone was very skinny and could hardly stand up. She loved seeing life being born into this world, so she had lots of children and also became a midwife. I really do feel happy for her and her successful life.

//7. Eva Brown// Most of these Holocaust survivors don't enjoy telling other people their stories, they just keep the sadness inside. She talked about the ride to the camps, and it was very brutal and grating. She also talked about losing their identities right when she arrived. Eva Brown met a man at the camp, and fell in love with him. They both went through the hardships together and when the war was over, they made a beautiful family together.

10/10

__Costs of World War II: Allies and Axis--Skill Builder: Interpreting Charts__ //1. Which of the nations listed in the chart suffered the greatest human costs?// The USSR suffered the most for human costs this was probably because of the Holocaust.
 * Class 45(5/10/12)**

//2. How does the U.S. spending on the war compare with the spending of Germany and Japan?// The U.S. spent a lot of money on direct war costs compared to Japan, but less civilians/military were killed compared to German and Japan. I'm not sure how this happened because even though Germany spend a lot of money as well, a lot of their people were killed. Japan didn't spend a lot of money and a moderate amount of people were killed compared to the U.S. and Germany.

__Military Casualties, WW1 & WWII--Skill Builder: Interpreting Graphs__ //1. What factors may have contributed to the increased number of deaths in WWII over WW1?// If you look at Russia, there is a big difference between WWI and WWII. This was mainly because of the Holocaust; the extermination of the Jews. Also, Japan is a pretty big difference as well and this was because in the beginning of the war, they were the ones that actually started the war again. They were fighting brutally with a lot of countries and especially the U.S. I think that's also what caused the U.S. to increase in deaths.

__Displaced Persons--Document Based Questions__ //1. Under what conditions did the Polish refugees flee from the Germans?// They were coming under very harsh conditions. People were being separated from their families and waiting in hope for good news every minute they were living. They were given a roof and hot tea.

__Internment Camps--Document Based Questions__ //1. Judging from the photograph, what was the government's attitude toward Japanese Americans?// Their attitude toward the Japanese Americans was very forceful and everyone is aligned in a straight line. This tells me that the government was very powerful to make them stand that still because I also see the military guarding them in front.

Please fix numbering issue. 8/10


 * Class 44(5/8/12)**

Incomplete 6/10

__Opinion on the fairness or unfairness of Japanese internment.__ My opinion on the Japanese internment is that I think it was unfair because the Japanese people lost their homes and were put into camps. In the video, the rapper said that the Japanese took innocent people. It's a little similar to the Holocaust in a way.
 * Class 43(5/4/12)**

//What wartime images do you recognize from your study of the war?//
Germans, Nazi logo, uniformed men, demanding rulers, workers working in poor conditions(Donald Duck), Hitler's voice, fear.

//What are some of the messages of this cartoon?//
This cartoon is trying to say that Hitler was very harsh because Donald Duck was saying "OH HITLER!" multiple times in the cartoon. Although Hitler doesn't actually come out in the cartoon, you can still hear his voice in the background saying things like "You are now going to work overtime!". The Americans wanted people to know that Nazism is very bad and America has a lot of freedom. Donald Duck wakes up in a patriotic suit in joy after finding out that everything was just a nightmare.

//Why do you think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war?//
I think they used this as a form of propaganda for the little kids that were just learning about the war. They wanted them to learn it the "right" way before getting other thoughts from different people. Disney and Warner Brothers was the biggest cartoon producer at the time.

__2. Political Cartoon for the home front__ // What is in the cartoon? Explain the symbolism you see. //
 * no access*

//What is the intended message of the cartoon?//
__ 3. Life on the Home front in Britain exploration __

//Children at war//

 * Children were tricked into going on trains that took them to places that were described as "safe" from Germany's bombing
 * Bombs would just fall from the sky, very randomly
 * Children thought that they were going on vacation when the got on the trains

//Rationing//

 * Families had to register with a shop to get the rations
 * Each member had a different colored //ration book// to indicate that they were part of the shop
 * They would use up points to get the food. I guess points were considered money at the time.

//Women at war//

 * There was a shortage of workers/men in factories, so the government stopped recruiting women for the war
 * They did jobs like driving ambulances, running nurseries, running rest centers, etc.
 * Women replaced the jobs of men

//Messages of war//

 * Propaganda posters were used to encourage people that they could win the war
 * The one that stood out to me was the "He's Watching You" poster because it looks like a German watching the British.(how Hitler was scary)
 * Lots of posters about Hitler and his personality

10/10

//What I accomplished in 20 min: I read// //497-501.//
 * Class 42(5/2/12)**

__//A) Conclusions//__ //a. What happened?// //b. What was the significance of the battle or attack?// b. Forced the US to war. || b. Emphasized Japan's activity in the war making a lot of other colonies intimidated by them. || b. Showed that Japan could be vanquished and were vulnerable. || b. Prevented Japan from moving south. || b. Changed the Allie's plans. || b. Japan got weaker. || __//B) Identify Isoroku Yamamoto and Douglas MacArthur//__ Isoroku Yamamoto was a Japanese Navel General and the commander during World War II. McDouglas MacArthur was the American General and played a big role in World War II.
 * 1. Bombing of Pearl Harbor || a. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor by dropping bombs.
 * 2. Fall of Southeast Asian colonies || a. Japan took quickly took over Southeast Asian colonies such as the Philippines, Singapore, Guam, etc.
 * 3. Doolittle's raid on Japan || a. America attacked Japan.
 * 4. Battle of the Coral Sea || a. Japan is trying to take Port Moresby while the US is trying to block them.
 * 5. Battle of Midway || a. The US damaged a lot of Japan's ships and aircraft during this battle.
 * //6. Battle of Guadalcanal// || a. Another battle with the Allies and Japan.

// Write a short description of the perspectives presented in the political cartoons below. What does each cartoon highlight about how Japanese expansion was viewed? //

1. 'Let Sam Do It': This picture is showing how the League of Nations was very unsuccessful. Outside the door, Japan and China are fighting a brutal battle and the people representing the League of Nations is are just standing all gathered around while Uncle Sam is looking very angry because they expect him to do everything. 2. 'Let others sweat and toil' In this picture, the Japanese are carrying the US and I'm not sure who the other person is. But the Japanese are trying very hard to move across land so they are sticking up to the US and another country by 'carrying' them. 3. Title n/a This cartoon is showing Japan totally crushing the League of Nations and ignoring it. They signed the "Nine Power Treaty" but are now going against it. Japan knows that they are stronger and can do whatever they want to without the interference of the League of Nations. 4. Title n/a This cartoon is showing a Kangaroo which is probably representing Australia and Japan. I think it's showing the process of Japan proceeding to take New Guinea. Australia has a big kangaroo with someone in its pocket which I think represents on of the Allies.

=
//Why did Japan attack the United States of America? Provide evidence from the source below in your answer.//====== Japan attacked the United States of America because the United states were against Japan's expansion. The two countries kept on attacking each other and the US cut off the trading between China and Japan. This angered Japan a lot and they attacked the US. Japan at the time was trying to take China, but the US was in the way of doing that.

__Pearl Harbor Key Events__ Before: The Japanese were consulting with the Americans about their wanting to spread throughout Asia. And Isoroku Yamamoto shortly bombed Pearl Harbor after. During: Pearl Harbor was being attacked continuously without rest. After: The US declared war on Japan.

10/10

> //1) What was Operation Sea Lion?// > It was Germany's plan to invade the United Kingdom during WWII. But this action wasn't processed because the Invasion of Britain was postponed. > //2) Why did the battle not look good for Britain?// > This battle did not look good for Britain because it made them look weak. They didn't have modern weapons unlike Germany that had bombs. > //3) What advantage did Britain have?// > Britain had radar stations that knew where he aircraft was coming from, the speed, and the distance. However, the German air force started bombing these stations during Operation Sealion. > //4) What was Germany's mistake?// > Their mistake was that they started bombing Britain after the Royal Air Force bombed Germany. When Hitler saw the damage, he postponed his invasion. > //5) What was the impact of the bombing of London? How did the bombing of London aid Britain's cause?// > Factories were greatly damaged and many people lost homes and lives. More air crafts were being made in Britain which were improving a lot. > //6) Why was the outcome of the battle of Britain significant for the Allies?// > People joined the British army to go against the Germany and the Allies learned that if you tried hard, you can actually stop Hitler. > //Why the British were able to hold off the German invasion when they were militarily weaker.// They were able to because the British people were well united and the ruler at the time had everything in control. Britain also had a great invention which were the radar stations that could tell where the aircraft was coming from an the speed of it. This was a very significant invention that really helped the British avoid the German aircraft. The German aircraft was a lot more developed than Britain's aircraft. Everyone volunteered to help out the country including women. Women played a big role during the invasion at the radar stations.
 * Class 41(5/1/12)**

Podcast notes? 8/10


 * Hitler's Germany Notes(4/24/12)**

A D O L F H I T L E R //His life up to 1933// -Failed school and ended up living in a hostel for tramps -While in Vienna, he became interested in politics -Supported the nationalist party--made Austria more powerful -Hated socialist parties--demanded better wages, better conditions and the right to vote for working people -Hated people of foreign races--Jews -Thought that foreigners ruined the culture of his country -An honorable German solider after he left Austria -Made a Nazi Party which he was the leader of -Storm troopers-people that wore brown uniforms that beat up people who disagreed with him -Hitler and his Storm troopers tried to overthrow the government -Failed and Hitler was put into prison -People voted for the Nazis and Hitler became Chancellor of Germany

//His ideas// -Mein Kampf-book of Hitler's ideas -Fuehrer principle-Germany must be ruled by a single, strong leader who has great power -Lebensraum-Germans need more land to live and work. They will force other countries like Poland & Russia to get land -Race-humans are divided into races and some are better than others. -Anti-semitism-Jews were the biggest threat to the purity of the Germans -Communism-political system in Russia that was dangerous and so the Germans thought it must be destroyed

//His appeal// -Many people thought that his speeches were hypnotizing

H O W H I T L E R E S T A B L I S H E D H I S D I C T A T O R S H I P //The election campaign of March 1933// -Hoped that the Nazi Party would win -Reichstag was caught on fire--building where the voting was going to occur -Communist Marianus van der Lubbe lit this building -Hitler said this was the start of a Communist idea to take over the country

//Results of the election// -Communists were banned because of the new law(Law for the Protection of the People and State) //-//Nazis won

//The Enabling Law, March 1933// //-//Let Hitler make laws without asking the Reichstag

//The take-over of local governments// //--//

The banning of trade unions //-//Closed all trade unions by using the Enabling Law -Took away unions' funds and put leaders in prison

//The 'Night of the Long Knives', 1934// //-//Roehm-wanted to be Germany's army //*//executed by SS

Hitler becomes Fuehrer, 1934 -Hindenburg dies -Hitler now has no opposing person

//The army's oath of loyalty// -Only Germans with the power to oppose Hitler, soldiers with guns, had sworn their lives away to him

10/10

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 * Fascism in Korea Oral Quiz(4/20/12)**

Why is this not a video? I have to take 1 mark off because I cannot see you. I don't have a clear sense that you understand what fascism would look like in Korea. However, I do like the fact that you address what is UNIQUE about Korea, and how fascism might look different here than in other fascist countries. 8/10

media type="youtube" key="TDVuTzJ61ho" height="315" width="420" Avoid repetition. You have so little time to make this story clear, that you need to organize our thinking well. 9.5/10
 * The Great Depression and the World Oral Quiz(4/18/12)**


 * The Great Depression(4/16/12)**

//Station 1://



//Station 2://

**__UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION__**
THESIS: Millions of people are unemployed right now which is making prices rise, more taxes put onto imported goods, and money lost its value.

TOPIC 1: Taxes on goods are being increased which caused the trading industry to decline.

TOPIC 2: Latin America can't sell sugar, beef and copper that they produced because of the trading industry.

TOPIC 3: If the trading industry declines, the rate of people being employed also declines.

**__THE HIDDEN TRUTH BEHIND THE ECONOMICAL BOOM__**
THESIS: There are hidden truths to the USA's economical boom which consists of food prices falling, farmers loosing land, and not even being able to buy the goods that were produced by your own self.

TOPIC 1: The unemployment of American workers is unacceptable because if the prices rise and no one buys it, the factories would slow down making the economy slow down.

TOPIC 2: Life is horrendous for the farmers because food prices were falling which made farmers not able to pay off their loans and eventually lose their farms.

TOPIC 3: People are living on the streets of New York because they lost their homes and are starting to protest against their rights.

//Station 3//**//://** __Video Notes on: The Great Depression__ -Began in the USA in 1929 and affected the vast majority of the world -Created mass unemployment -Destroyed hopes for a peaceful world -Allowed Hitler to be in ultimate power -During the 1920s, USA was doing well with radios, cars, etc. -Germany France and Britain borrowed money from the USA -However, in 1929, America fell into a depression--Wall Street Crash -US wanted the money back from other countries which made other countries into debt -Went against the rules of the League by invading weaker countries like Japan and Italy
 * Millions of people lost their jobs

__Video Notes on: The Great Depression--29 minute summary__ -Banks loaned money to people for them to buy stocks -Stocks markets were failing which was one of the main causes of the Great Depression -This event was called "Black Tuesday" -Many countries didn't want to buy American products -Tariffs were put on American goods to protect the workers, but this backfired and businesses were not doing so well -Bank saving accounts were swiped out making over 9,000,000 people in debt -One out of 4 workers were jobless -The Dust Bowl-a major drought -Children left school to help their families -Federal Securities Act: before securities could be offered for sale they had to be accompanied by full and true information

Excellent work! 10/10

media type="youtube" key="42G6KSmL3A8" height="314" width="420" Needed more context for the Communist-Nationalist conflict in China. 9/10
 * World War II Started in Asia! Oral Quiz(4/12/12)**


 * The Chinese Revolution and Japanese Imperialism(4/9/12)**

//Station 1:// //4. How did the Treaty of Versailles add to China's problems?// The Treaty of Versailles changed masters which meant that the part of China that was controlled by Germany was handed over to Japan. Since that Treaty also influenced the Russian Revolution, China began to have ideas related to Marxism. Communist ideas spread and Jiang--the leader of Kuomintang, decided to fight together by joining with the Communists.

//Station 2:// Japan's role in Asia in the first half of the 20th century: The Kwangtung Army attacked Chinese troops which was known as the 'Manchurian Incident'. The Japanese did this to get control over the area that they attacked. After Japan broke into many parts, it's markets also got separated making the economy bad. Many workers didn't have jobs and decided to attach Manchurian. This attack caused the League of Nations to be taken into action. The war in Korea and China had a lot of mobilization of the workers from place to place. The Koreans would work in the factories and mines. This made the Koreans and Chinese scattered all around Asia.
 * The Japanese Attack**

Scattered Away from Families (Map of Asia and where the majority of the Chinese and Koreans lived)

**Japan Gets Modernized**

Japan was not interacting with the other countries, however, it did have some relations with China and Korea. It started to change when America brought in ships with cannons into Japanese waters. Japan open's their trade and started to get modernized. The emperor wanted to modernize his country so he sent government officials to the US and Europe. Europe was a huge impact on Japan's modernization. Japan started to expand and when China didn't send armies into Korea, Japan went to war. Japan attacked Korea and gained all of the control. One thing they did was they took Korea's land and gave it to Japanese farmers. Little by little Japan expanded themselves.

Homeless, Jobless, Lifeless. (Picture of a Korean family on the streets, ragged)

//Station 3:// //Was Mao a better or worse national leader than Stalin?// Mao was a better leader than Stalin. I think this because the majority of the people thought that he was a good leader that made the 'new China'. However, Stalin went too far with his power and overused it. Mao made some mistakes throughout his rule, but the people in China seem to forgive him for that. Mao didn't 'kill' his people, he just overworked them and expected them to die. Stalin however, killed his people forcefully.

9.5/10 I would have liked your textbook to include more than just the impact of Japanese imperialism on Korea. Would it be acceptable for American textbooks, for example, to only address the impact of WWII on the US, and ignore how it affected other countries?

media type="youtube" key="Bz7oy9eosrk" height="314" width="420"
 * Russian Revolution Oral Quiz(4/9/12)**

The Civil War in Russia was not between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks, but between the Bolsheviks and the conservatives, who wanted to restore the old order after the TWO revolutions that occurred in 1917. 9/10


 * The Russian Revolution(4/5/12)**

//Station 1://Why did Russia have a revolution in 1917?Russia had a revolution in 1917 mainly because of the King. The King was doing foolish things that the 2 group in Russia didn't like. These two groups were the Boulshivix and Menshivix. The Boulshivix wanted change fast but the Menshivix wanted change slowly. They both wanted to get rid of the king but the Menshivix wanted to get rid of the king to make a political party similar to the US. The Boulshivix wanted a communist party with the power of Lenin.

//Station 2//: 1. What is the message that this poster is trying to get out of the Russian people?

The poster I chose wanted to get the message that Russia is going to dominate the other countries. The title of this poster is "The Struggle of the Red Knight with the Dark Force". This is telling us that Russia was facing the "dark forces" and since one of their colors on the flag is red, the red knight is the one fighting the dark force. He is also on top of everyone else which is telling us that Russia will soon destroy the dark ages.

2. Do you find this piece of propaganda compelling? Why or why not? Yes, I do find this piece of propaganda compelling because it's very colorful and has lots of interesting visuals. There is a lot going on so it grabs the person's interest very well. If I were living in Russia at this time, I would be interested in what this poster's message is. I think color and how the poster translates the message in picture form is very important when creating a propaganda poster.

3. Make your own propaganda poster.
 * Submitted by hard copy**

//Station 3:// Podcast: Explain whether Stalin was a good guy or a bad guy, and why. (It may take a while for the video to pop up at the bottom because it's a bigger file than an .mp3 file.) media type="file" key="Jospeh Stalin Opinion-Hannah Kim.mov" width="239" height="239"

//How did the treaty of Versailles reflect the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of WWI?// This treaty really showed the true personalities of the men in power. First of all, France wanted numerous amounts of things from Germany. They wanted money for all of the damage caused by the war, all of the soldiers to be far away from France, and land with a lot of coal. Germany was acting very weak and signed the treaty of Versailles while also saying "We were at fault for the war, we will accept any treaties.**"** The US, had an idea to have "self determination" and asked to separate countries if they wanted to be apart from Germany. I think this shows us that the US was independent and wanted to make everyone help one another. The country Poland was separated because of Woodrow Wilson's idea. And also many other countries were formed and created their own government. Since the country that was focused on most was Germany, they had a very bad economy and lots of soldiers were jobless. The Ottomans were divided and Belgium was just "set free".
 * Pg. 428 Question No. 2(4/3/12)**


 * [|War in the Air and the Sea Transcript]**

__Positive and Negative Impacts of Nationalism__ -Overthrow of colonial rule -Number of Democratic governments increasing -Competition among nations for scientific and technological advances || -Forced understanding of minority cultures into a nation's majority culture -The mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society. -Rise of extreme nationalistic movements, like Nazism -Competition between nations about warfare || Do you think nationalism has had a more positive or negative impact on the world? Support your opinion with evidence. Nationalism had a more negative impact on the world because nationalism is what started wars between nations. Competition is very big in nationalism because all the nations wanted to be better than others. Nations would compete on warfare and also for scientific and technological advances. I think that nationalism had a positive impact on an individual nation itself, but very negative impact for the world. However, if you think nationalism as patriotism, it's positive. But since they both have slight changes to it, nationalism had a negative impact on the whole world.
 * Impact of Nationalism(2/16/12)**
 * Positive Results || Negative Results ||
 * -Overcoming differences for the common good

__Types of Nationalist Movements__ Unification: politically different but culturally similar Separation: culturally different, so they want to break away from the land State Building: accepting changes in culture and they unite

//2. What do you think would have happened to the empires (e.g. Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire) during the rise of nationalism?// I think that they lost a lot of power and land because the people of the empire started to rebel. They started to rebel because they wanted to be independent and free from strict ruling. Especially because they only had one leader, and that made them lose even more land.

__CASE STUDY: Germany__ //Flow Chart for the Unification of Germany.//

Geography Skillbuilder Questions 1. //Location// What was unusual about the territory of Prussia as it existed in 1865? It's usual because the land is very spread out. There are two big pieces of land, but they are separated.

2. //Movement// After 1865, what year saw the biggest expansion of Prussian territory? Prussia was separated by east and west.

3) National Symbol for the Newly formed Germany I put a bald eagle for the main symbol because it symbolizes strength and freedom. Also, I put two swords to symbolize the protection that Germany provides for the the people. Seien sie stolz means "Be Proud" in German. I put those specific words because Germany is very proud of their victories.

__ Key Skill: Analyzing Political Cartoons __ "Right Leg in the Boot at Last" (p.261) 1. //Clarifying// What symbol does the cartoonist use for the soon-to-be nation of Italy? The cartoonist uses a boot that is being put on the King of Sardinia.

2. //Making Inferences// How is Garibaldi portrayed? It looks like Garibaldi is being portrayed as a very poor man that is working for the King of Sardinia by putting the shoe on for him.

3. //Analyzing Bias// What does the title of the cartoon say about the cartoonist’s view of Italian unification? The cartoonist says that the right person has the land now because the title is "Right Leg in the Boot at Last".

Hannah, please put a line between assignments so I can clearly see where one ends and the next begins. 20/20

__Terms and Names__ 1. sepoys-Muslim or Hindu soldiers that refused to use Enfield rifles because it violated their religion 2. Sepoy Mutiny-when the British government took over India(turning point for British rule in India) 3. Congress Party-helped elevate India's independence 4. Mohandas K. Gandhi-brought nationalistic ideas to the common people of India, believed in nonviolent protest, brotherhood for all Indians 5. Muhammad Ali Jinnah-disagreed with Gandhi, demanded for a separate country for Muslims
 * Case Study (1) Assessment(2/13/12)**

__Main Ideas__ 1. What were four factors that contributed to Britain's conquest of India? The first factor is that the British had a military force that was very grand to the Indians which sometimes defeated armies ten times their size. The second factor is that many Indian kingdoms were in a aggressive power struggle, and this chaos helped the British. The third factor is that the British were very organized and kept up with their goals. The last factor is that the the British had a very stable government and system of law.

2. What was the cause of the Sepoy Mutiny and what was its main result? The cause was the British rulers that made the Indian soldiers use Enfield rifles which were smeared with animal grease from cows and pigs. They had to bite off the tip of the bullet and start using it, however, cows and pigs are very holy animals to Muslims and Hindus. They refused to work, and started the Sepoy Mutiny. The results were the British government taking over direct rule of India(turning point of British rule in India).

3. Which groups and ideas promoted the Indian independence? The Congress Party and the Muslim League both tried promoting the Indian independence. The Congress Party was a political group that was concerned about the equal rights for Indians, but also were loyal to the British Crown. The Muslim League was made because people thought that the Congress Party would only support the views of the Hindu. Both groups worked together to try and elevate self-government and independence.

4. What were the four general principles of Gandhi's philosophy? Gandhi's four general principles were, live as simply as possible, always be tolerant of the religious beliefs of others, devote one's life to the service of others, and Battle injustice in all its forms, but never by resorting to violence.

5. What role did Jinnah play in the partition of India? Jinnah was against Gandhi's idea's, but he still tried to to make the Muslims to work with Hindus for Indian nationalism. He joined the Muslim League, however his effort to unify Hindu and Muslim failed, and the Congress Party wouldn't agree with him. And this caused India to separate.

__Documents__ 6. Which of the documents are pro-British in nature? Which ones are pro-Indian? S.N. Sen is pro-Indian because it is saying that Mutiny was certain to happen and also, the fact that S.N. Sen is an Indian historian, helps us know that this is pro-Indian. //Punch// magazine is pro-British because it is a political cartoon showing us that the sepoy were being treated very badly by the British during the Sepoy Mutiny. The faces on the sepoy is not very happy and the all look very dreaded. Sir Alfred Lyall is pro-British because Sir Alfred Lyall is saying that England is changing the Indian peoples' thought, religious ideas, and morals of their whole country. With this, they will gain a lot of benefits and will look good for Britain. Those were just some of many documents, but I've noticed that if the document is by an Indian person, it's usually pro-Indian and if the document is by a British person, it is pro-British.

7. How would Indians in the lowest levels of their society benefit from India's Constitution as stated in Document H? The lowest rank would benefit from India's Constitution because all citizens have lots of rights to equality and freedom. Everyone is treated equally whether you're rich, poor, male, or female. There would be no such thing as a "caste system" that made all ranks have different rights.

8. Using only the information contained in the documents, answer the following question: How would British colonization have a lasting impact on the people of India? Use examples from the documents to support your answer. They would have a lasting impact on the people of India because Britain helped get the people there organized and find out about the importance of independence. They were also introduced to a lot of new technology. Their rule caused India to break into pieces like India and Pakistan. Without the help of the British, India would not be where it is right now because the British helped reduce the percentage of poor people.

__Critical Thinking__ 9. What were the causes of the cultural conflict between the British and the Indians? The biggest conflict would be that the Indians and British did not get along very well together. This was because the British were living their life as if they were living in Britain right now, with servants, lavish foods, and did not socialize with the Indians. Differences in customs divided the Indian society from the British society. The British thought that the Indians were an "inferior race", which means that they were low in rank.

10. Identify both positive and negative effects of British rule in India. Some positive effects would be that India learned the importance and value of independence and technology. However, in the downside, after Britain's rule, India divided into many countries, which also made different status ranks again. A lot of these countries fought amongst themselves.

11. How were Gandhi's four general principles effective in dealing with a much more powerful Great Britain? Gandhi's four general principles were effective because it stated that you should live as simply as possible, which is the opposite of Great Britain. And to be tolerant was also very effective because it made the Indians had their own religion that Great Britain respected. I think the most important point is battle injustice in all its forms, but never resorting to violence. This was very important because Great Britain had lots of more advanced weapons than the Indians.

12. For what reasons did Muslims demand a separate nation? Muslims demanded a separate nation because Muhammad Ali Jinnah was trying to make the Muslims work with the Hindus for Indian nationalism. However, this idea contently failed because the Congress Party didn't agree to these ideas. Jinnah withdrew from Indian politics. The Congress Party's leader rejected Jinnah's pleads for a joint Congress-Muslim League. This clash soon lead to the division of India.

13. Why did the colony of India break up into four separate nations? The Congress party wanted independence for a united India and the Muslim League wanted a separate nation. All of this arguing led to a civil war. After this war, India broke into 2 parts; Pakistan and India. Pakistan then divided into two parts; East Pakistan and West Pakistan. Sri Lanka was the fourth nation in India.

20/20

//__Reactions to Imperialism__// -Great Britain found a way to open it up -China tried stopping the import of opium, but GB refused -Dowager Empress Cixi tried modernizing China, but failed -unsuccessful modernization--other countries tried to take over China -US and China were great trade partners, so the US didn't want other nations to take over -China rebelled about extraterritorial(outside the country's territory) rights || -letter was received from Matthew Perry to open up their trade -people got angry for opening up trade -Meiji era -Spanish-American war -Gained a Pacific Empire -wanted to educate and Christianize groups || __//Political Cartoon//__ China: 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is anti imperialism because while the other countries are trying to open up "China" for trade, the Emperor is trying to stop them in a demanding matter.
 * Class 13 Work(2/9/12)**
 * China || Japan || United States of America ||
 * -was self sufficient, so was hard to open trade
 * used a drug called the opium
 * caused war
 * GB won, and opened up their trade
 * many were still with their old traditions
 * Spheres of Influence
 * agreed to open the trade
 * tried to modernize Japan
 * successful modernization-- gained power and won lots of wars || -first media war
 * US defeated Spain
 * signaled the emergence of the United States as a global power and the demise of Spain's empire

2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? The native people are not liking the fact that other countries are trying to invade into their trading system. It looks like the native person just found out about them trying to open up the trade route and was shocked.

3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? The others are discussing ways to open up trade and who should get what part of China. I'm not sure who everyone is, but the old woman and man towards the left are arguing about a piece of land because the old lady has her hand on one piece and the man already put his sword through.

//4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits OR costs of imperialism?// The message is that since China is a big piece of land that has lots of resources, everyone wanted those resources. But because China isn't opening up their trade, the Europeans/Japanese forced it open.

Korea: 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is anti imperialism because Japan is using Korea as a bridge to transverse the Korean territory.

2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? The Native people are being viewed as a stepping stone to get across the river underneath.

3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? The Japanese are being viewed as very burdensome people that are marching into Korea with weapons to take what's in Korea.

//4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits OR costs of imperialism?// Japanese were imperialists that wanted to make Korea an imperialist as well to expand their land.

America: 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is pro imperialism because Uncle Sam is wisely choosing the lands he wants to take while the other man is hesitating.

2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? The natives don't have a say for the matter because the imperialists are gambling with their land.

3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? The people aren't playing in the game, and they're just watching.

//4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits OR costs of imperialism?// The native people are not in the picture, only their land is. Showing that they do not have a choice of what happens to their land, but the imperialists are gambling for their land.

Cartoon 1 and 3 show an improved understanding. The second one, however, is misinterpreted. 17.5/20

//Proof!// //Task 1// Today, we discussed about The Age of Imperialism and we said that it was mainly because of land and power. There were also some negative effects like, colonies constantly fighting, and racism.
 * Class 12 Discussion Summary(2/7/12)**

//Task 2// 1) Which countries controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914? Britain and the French owned most of the land in 1914.

2) Why do you think these countries had the largest area of Africa? Kaitlyn and I thought that this was because they were more advanced than all the other countries because of the Industrial Revolution. Also, because even before owning all of the land in Africa, they owned a lot of land before. And we thought that, that was an advantage for Britain and France.

//Task 3--video notes// Notes:
 * Imperial European power caused the "scramble for Africa".
 * The scramble for Africa was also known as the race for Africa because it was the process of invasion/colonization by the Europeans
 * During this process, slave labor took over 5,000,000 lives and politicization of the two cultures led to genocide

//Task 4// 1) What was the Berlin Conference? It was a large Conference held in 1884 with all the powerful European Countries, United States, and more, to discuss the division of Africa in Berlin. However, no Africans attended this conference.

2) What were the three outcomes of the conference? Africa was divided while African leaders were not allowed to attend the meetings about the decisions made for the African's freedom. Another, the crowned head needed to notify the other powers when claiming territory. And last, treaties were made for African rulers of who claimed power over that land.

//Task 5--Analyzing Political Cartoons// __Image 1__ 1. Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This picture is anti imperialism because the man with the large hands is trying to wolf down Africa, which is not representing imperialism. He also has a very glum face, which makes the picture look even more anti imperialism.

2. What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? African views are being communicated because Africa is the only continent that is labeled on the globe and it also signifies it by saying "Gold Fields".

3. What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? I think this picture is telling us that the Britain was a very selfish and greedy country because that one man is trying to grab Africa with his bulky hands all by himself.

4. What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism? It shows that since Africa has a lot of land, many people are trying to pull it down, or take it.

__Image 2__ 1. Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is pro imperialism because the white man has very sharp, clean clothes that shows that he is a wealthy man. He's being followed by African children that look boney and have little or no clothes on.

2. What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? This image shows that all the Africans are not educated since they're all symbolized children.

3. What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? The white man looks very confident with his chest up and hat off, to show that he's very respectful towards the other countries. He is leading the children to a better world.

4. What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism? Since Africa is a less developed country, Europe is guiding them to the right way. This picture shows that the Europeans were not greedy, but very warmhearted.

__Image 3__ 1. Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is anti imperialism because the snake is strangling the black man, like it's forcing something out of him.

2. What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? This image is showing that the Africans were trying to escape the abuse from Europe. The man is trying to pull back from the crowned snake, but the force is so strong that he will soon give up. When snakes strangle and squeeze people, they kill them, and then eat them. This is showing us that Belgium kills Congo, leaving nothing behind.

3. What views are being communicated about the British/Americans in their role as imperialists? It shows that Europe was very harsh and demanding towards Africa because the snake is very big and just suddenly came and attacked Africa. This is also a picture of the King of Belgium because at that time, Congo had lots of rubber that Belgium could use for the King's company.

4. What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism? The message that is being conveyed is that Europe just came to Africa with lots of force, unexpectedly, with lots of demands.

__Image 4__ 1. Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is pro imperialism because it's saying that Europe was very powerful. The first image is a foreign man begging for mercy, I'm assuming he's begging to live. The second image tells us that Europe owned lots of land in the East as well, so they would shoot the animals there and eat it since Africa doesn't have a lot of improved tools to kill them off. The last image is showing that whatever Europe tells other countries to do, the other countries do it since Europe is //that// powerful.

2. What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? The Africans are being viewed as very obedient and graceful that the Europeans are there to protect them and escort them to the right path.

3. What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? The British are being viewed as like a mentor for the Africans as roles of an imperialist.

4. What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism? It's telling us that the British were very helpful for the Africans, and the Africans appreciated the help.

__Image 5__ 1. Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is anti imperialism because the black students are all very scared and doesn't want to listen to the mean looking, British teacher.

2. What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? The non-white children are being viewed as very scared. They are separated from the white kids that have books, desks, and uniforms. Also, the black man in the corner is telling the viewers that even though they get an education, they only get an education to become a low class worker.

3. What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? The British are being viewed as the mean, forced ones that are very proper and smart. The children in the back compares with the children in the front because they all have their book out and is reading very quietly.

4. What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism? The message that is being conveyed is that the Americans were very harsh and the Africans were very scared of the Americans, but since they are getting "free" education, they're sitting down and threatening themselves to listen because there are consequences if you didn't. It also shows that most Africans were slaves because in the left corner of the picture, there is a black man cleaning the windows with a terrified face.

__Image 6__ 1. Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This picture is showing anti imperialism because the Africans are being looked down on by the bird.

2. What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? The Africans are not as high up as the British and are being looked down at. And usually when eagles look for food, they look on the ground to prey on things. So, I think the people that are waving their hands are the food for the eagle.

3. What views are being communicated about the British/Americans in their role as imperialists? The British are being looked as the most superior people that are being looked up to by the Africans. It's like the British can do anything with the Africans.

4. What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism? The British think themselves as very powerful and superior than everyone else.

__Image 7__ 1. Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is anti imperialism because when the angel reveals the curtain to find people actually dying because of this situation, the man is just thinking of other ideas on how to get more land and power.

2. What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? The Africans and Asians are being viewed as weak and can be easily tricked into being ruled by Britain.

3. What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? The British are being viewed as the selfish ones that don't care/know what bad things are happening to the land that they own because all they're thinking about is getting more power.

4. What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism? The British only think about getting richer and richer.

You need to work on improving your analysis of political cartoons, as several of these are misinterpreted. 25/30

Yes, Darwin's theories do apply to culture and society. Darwin's theory of Natural Selection states that the organisms and species that survive and reproduce are the sole ancestors to the next generation of living things. And struggle for existence states that only the successful competitors will reproduce themselves. I think that natural selection relates to culture because cultures can be passed down and keep striving unless the species dies. Darwin also said that natural selection was the survival for the fittest, which means that the wealthy are more likely to do well in the general. He also stated that the small distinguishes creates 2 different classes or cultures in society, even though they are the same species. However, in our world right now, Darwin's theories clearly are applied because our society is divided into 2 classes, the wealthy and poor. And as organisms reproduce, cultures are passed down. The last paragraph in this excerpt says that as organisms tend to struggle, the more diverse the decedents will become. So everyday society is growing and getting better.
 * Darwin's Document Based Question:** **Do Darwin’s theories apply to culture and society?(2/3/12)**


 * The Age of Imperialism Reading Notes Table**

Which of these are reasons, and which are justifications? Hopefully after our class discussion, you have a better understanding of how Darwin's theories were taken out of the scientific context and used to JUSTIFY imperialism, but how these ideas are incompatible with modern ideas on the equality of human dignity and national sovereignty? Your argument suggests it is "natural" and therefore good and right, that weak nations should become extinct! Is it also natural, right and good that weak PEOPLE should become extinct? I HOPE that is not what you actually believe! 7.5/10

1. What is “The White Man’s Burden” based on Rudyard Kipling’s description in this poem? • Based on Rudyard Kipling’s description, the white man’s burden is to be proud of themselves that they are being superior than other people. Also, it kind of refers to imperialism because emperors or empresses are usually very proud that they are ruling and are superior than others.
 * The White Man's Burden Questions(2/2/12)**

1. Do you agree or disagree with Kipling’s characterization? Why or why not? • I disagree with Kipling’s characterization because its sort of refers to selfishness. When the environment isn't doing well, and you only think about fixing your own flaws, nothing is going to improve. Soon or later the "superior" person will not succeed because of lack of consideration for other people.

1. What does this say about the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800 - early 1900’s? Use specific examples from the poem. • In this poem the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world could be underestimated. You can see this kind of attitude on the line where it says “check the show of pride.” Moreover, this poem encourages the white men to colonize other lands by sending their sons and serve what the captives need.

1. Is KIS an example of “The White Man’s Burden” in modern Korean society? Why or why not? • I do not think KIS is an example of “The White Man’s Burden” in modern Korean society. It is because even though high tuition fee is necessary for KIS since the facility and teachers are better, not everyone gets prior education and graduates from the best college in the world. There would be lots people who go to better colleges and have a better future although they just graduated from normal public schools in Korea. People have to understand that it's not about how much money you have in order to succeed, its about working hard to earn your money. Back then, land=money=power. I would say it's still kind of like that, but not as much since society has changed and everyone lives a happy life with or without a lot of money.

Please fix your numbering. Is it a "burden" to feel proud of oneself? Without an understanding of what the "white man's burden" IS, it is difficult to answer the other questions. Do you have a better understanding after the explanation in class? 7.5/10

1. Why would Andrew Carnegie and Frederich Engels disagree about the effects of industrialization? They would disagree on the effects of industrialization because Andrew Carnegie thinks that the nation should earn products and profit by trading. And Frederich Engals thinks that if a person is lucky enough to find a job, they will find one. However, lots of workers will be jobless or poor since the wage is very low and there aren't many spots available for everyone to work at.
 * Document-Based Questions(1/31/12)**

2. What might be reasons for 16 years old Mary Paul's satisfaction with her job and life in Lowell? Mary Paul is satisfied with her job because she doesn't have to work more than 10 hours a day, she gets enough food to eat, and she has a boarding to put a roof over head. She gets enough money to protect herself and she met lots of new women that are similar to her in which she can work with.

3. Why might the political cartoon by Walter Crane be useful in getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism? The political cartoon by Walter Crane is useful in getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism because when Britain was capitalist, socialism took over and made the economy better. Socialism means the production and distribution of products owned by a whole.

Where are your Cornell notes for pp 304-306, 308? 0/10 You have not explained WHY Carnegie and Engels would have such different perspectives, but have only described what those differences were. You have not reconciled Mary Paul's "rosy" view of her work with what you know about the poor conditions in textile mills. To whom is she writing? Might she want to make things sound better than they actually are? 7/10

Would Marx have agree that these countries were "communist"? No, Karl Marx would have not agreed that these countries were communist. Marx's idea of communism at that time was having 3 social classes, the proletariat(workers), bourgeouise(small business owners/professionals), and capitalists(owners of the production means). Since everything was distributed equally in Marx idea, you can't call the countries on the map "communist". Because right now, those countries are not distributing work and money equally.
 * Article Questions(1/30/12)**

What has happened to the "communist" world (once called the "Second World", to distinguish it from the "First World" -- wealthy capitalist countries, and the "Third World" -- poor countries)? The "Second World" made everything change from laws, to ruling, and living life. Countries that were communist are starting to change and collapse. However, some cannot change because their power is just too strong to have the people make changes to.

Why do you think this has happened? This might have happened because people were starting to rebel and the ones that rebelled, the government gave their needs just to make them quiet. And I also think that it might have happened because the country just gradually stopped doing some traditions and it started fading out.

What do you think of the idea that the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world never materialized (see p. 270) because of the Union movement (the formation of trades unions who unite to demand better working conditions for workers) and reform laws (to improve conditions for workers, eg. safety requirements, limits on the length of the working day, minimum wages)? I think that the growing gap is gradually getting smaller because people are demanding for better work conditions and when the work conditions are better, more people would have the urge to work at that place. Also, minimum wages are something that is still being used to pay workers, but that's what makes the gap still far apart and preventing it from decreasing as fast. Company workers still need to make a profit of what they make, so they have to pay in minimum wage.

After reading the little captions and looking at pictures, I learned that during the Industrial Revolution, lots of children were used for doing the labor. The reasons were because they had small hands that could fix the thread that broke, they had small bodies that could fit in small spaces, and they didn't need to be paid as much. I learned that back then, children were considered as mini adults. They had the same amount of work to do and the same danger risk when working. Most of the pictures showed the children working at spinning or sewing factories. Girls tended to work at sewing factories and boys, spinning factories. I noticed that all of the boys are wearing hats in the factories, and I was just wondering why because on page 69, the picture caption says that the factories were very dark.
 * The Industrial Revolution--pgs 65-72--paragraph(1/20/12)**

It is said that there is a mixed blessing about the Industrial Revolution, and agree with this statement because of many reasons. The Industrial Revolution was a time when great improvement was made to labor because of machinery. This revolution first began in Britain because of many geographical reasons and also the willingness to improve. Many inventions were made during this time, like the steam engine, steam-powered boats, and lots more. The steam engine made trading easier because people started building canals all throughout the country. Also, during this time, the population was starting to increase dramatically, which meant a higher demand for clothes. The spinning jenny made making clothes a lot easier, and by doing this, Britain made a huge profit out of that. Lots of other countries wondered why Britain was making so much clothes lately, and the idea spread. However, when more, and more machines were being invented, and improved, it meant less human labor. Lots of men didn't have jobs since the women were better at making clothes and textiles. So, I would say i agree with this statement because this revolution had its ups and downs, But overall, I would say it had more ups than downs.
 * The Industrial Revolution Question(1/18/12)**
 * 1) The Industrial Revolution, and the urbanization that accompanied it, have been described as a mixed blessing. To what extent to you agree with this statement?

https://www.mindmeister.com/133584027 media type="custom" key="12131550"
 * Invention Mind Map(1/17/12)**

I chose this picture of the human head exploding because there are lots of ideas flowing inside a human's mind which symbolizes my quote. "The revolution is carried out by means of one's thought, not through one's family background." //~Kim Jong Il//
 * Why I chose my quote(11/28/11)**

**Frederick the Great Glogster(11/16/11)**
media type="custom" key="11329748" width="160" height="160"

**Speed Dating(11/13/11)**
media type="youtube" key="_-0zC54fc4c" height="315" width="560"

**Questions on Absolutism(11/10/11)**
__1) What is absolutism?__ Absolutism is the idea of having a king rule the country with absolute power. The king would posses unlimited power and only pass laws that are relating to God.

__2) Explain the justiﬁcation for absolutism referred to as the 'divine right of kings'.__ The justiﬁcation for absolutism is sometimes referred to as the ‘divine right of kings’. The divine right of kings means that power is given to monarchs directly from God. There were two very inﬂuential people in the 17th century that proved absolutism. Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, a bishop from France, said that justiﬁcation for absolutism can be referred to as the ‘divine right of kings’. However, Thomas Hobbes related absolutism to the government and said that absolute monarchy was the only system of government capable of maintaining order among the disorderly masses. It was considered that the monarch was God’s representative on Earth, so whoever was challenging the monarch, was challenging God. Because of this, decisions made by the monarch became law without any objections. Therefore, absolutism is sometimes referred to as the ‘divine right of kings’.

__3) List the causes of the rise of Absolutism in Europe.__ There are numerous causes of the rise of absolutism in Europe. Absolutism is the idea of having a king rule the country with absolute power. Thomas Hobbes talked about absolutism relating to the government and said that absolute monarchy was the only system of government capable of maintaining order among the disorderly masses. It was considered that the monarch was God’s representative on Earth, so whoever was challenging the monarch, was challenging God. Because of this, decisions made by the monarch became law without any objections. After the disastrous 14th century people wanted a stronger monarch that would control the chaos. However, the monarch needed money, so they made a bureaucracy, and the bureaucracy is responsible for collecting taxes and enforcing laws. After all the taxes were collected, the monarchs could create strong armies that made their power even superior. These caused the rise of absolutism in Europe.

__4) Explain brieﬂy how absolutism developed in:__ //• Spain:// Absolutism developed in Spain because of some dynastic marriages that increased the territorial holdings of the Habsburg family. During that time, the Holy Roman emperor, Charles V ruled almost all of Christian Europe. //• France//: After King Louis XIV took over control, he thought that he was God's lieutenant on Earth. He crushed anyone that questioned his authority. //• England:// The Tudor monarchs worked with the British Parliament to improve their lives of their countrymen. //• Russia:// Russia developed absolutism during the 18th century when Peter I ﬁrmly established it. Peter fought many wars, opened Russia to the West, which improved the nation's industries, and reorganized the army. He also restrained the power of the church.

**Port 4(10/27/11)**
APPARTS-Edicts for 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan Author: Unknown

Place and Time: This source was produced after the closing of Japan. It affects the meaning because it explains how the Japanese had rules when going overseas or simply "leaving the country".

Prior Knowledge: Before the closing of Japan, Japan was planning to create a new empire in China. However, Korea's turtle boats were in the way and the "Bald Rat" was discouraged and was put in a mental bunker. After that, he had his son from a concubine to be the next ruler. But his son was too young for his age to become a ruler so the generals made him and his mom to commit suicide. After this, Japan closed all its doors.

Audience: This was created for the people that want to know more about Japan and their history. This could be pretty accurate because it's an informational guide to what the closing of Japan was. And also since it's a list of rules, and rules are rules that always stay the same. Reason: This source was produced at that time period because the producers wanted to tell other nations that their country was living as an isolated country.

Main Idea: To tell the readers that during the closing of Japan, people weren't allowed to go outside of the country at any time of their life.

Significance: This source is important because it tells us that Japan wasn't getting anything productive done while the Europeans were at it's "Golden Age" it tells us that Japan were not as good as Europe and that's why Europe dominates the world to this day.

Questions: 1) Who was "the Bald Rat"? The "Bald Rat" was a peasant soldier that made Japan look out into founding an empire overseas after war and fragmentation. 2) Where did Japan hope to build its empire? Japan hoped to build its empire in China. 3) What stopped it from building its empire as planned? Korea stopped Japan from building its empire as planned because the Koreans had a special weapon called the "turtle boat" which wiped the Japanese out of the water. 4) Why didn't they try again? They didn't try again because "the Bald Rat" was put into a mental bunker because he was very stressed.

APPARTS-Qianlong Author: This was written by Qianlong, the emperor of China during the years 1735 to 1799. He was a cultural achiever for China. He had lots of artwork and liked to collect it. Place and Time: This source was created at around 1914 because it is a translated version of the real one. This source could be slightly inaccurate because it's a modified version. Prior Knowledge: During Europe's "Dark Ages", China didn't invite Europe to the big voyage they went on. But soon after the Chinese entered the "Dark Ages" and Europe entered the "Golden Age", Europe wanted to trade with the Chinese because they had silks, jewels, and spices. However, China didn't want anything that Europe had.

Audience: This source was a letter to Europe from Emperor Qianlong. It's very reliable because the actual Emperor wrote this letter telling the Europeans that they had nothing they wanted from the Europeans to trade. Reason: This was produced at that time because Emperor Qianlong wanted to tell the Europeans that they had nothing in mind to trade with them. The Main Idea: Emperor Qianlong didn't want to open his ports to England because they had nothing to trade with them. Significance: This source is important because it tells the readers how China was very protective of their goods and knew what they wanted and what they didn't.

**Ports 1~3(10/20/11)**
On Kaitlyn's Page

**See, Think, Wonder(9/21/11)**
I see...the background beige with a little blue that looks like water flowing down... I see...a naked, muscular man almost touching his fingers with an old man... I see...women holding up the old man...

I think...the women are holding up the old man because he's too old to stand by himself... I think... the naked man is about to touch fingers with the old man because he's about to go to heaven... I think...there is a stream of water behind the naked man to show purity and cleanliness...

I wonder...why the naked man is lying down on a large rock... I wonder...why the background is beige... I wonder...what this painting's setting is...

**Guided Reading-//1421, The Year China Discovered the World// (9/9/11)Class 13**
For the picture that shows the countries with Muslims, really surprised me because I never thought that the Islamic religion was so spread out and there were millions and millions of them all around the world. And I also never expected China to have many Muslims because their main religion is Buddhism.

The diagram showing all the voyages that Zheng He made during his fleet shows me that the traveled to a lot of places in a short period of time.

For the video about The Forbidden City, I learned that art was a big thing during this time because the temple is decorated with a lot of detail. And there were lots of symbols like the dragon that protected the temple.

**Guided Reading-//1421, The Year China Discovered the World//** **//(//9/06/11)Class 11**
For the picture with the comparison of the two ships, I thought that the Golden Ages of China was greater after looking at this picture because I can see the scale of the "treasure ships" compared to the Santa Marie. This surprised me because back then, because the technology wasn't good, so they couldn't use special applications to help build it. They just did it all from their heads and sketched the boat before building it.

The picture with the map of Europe in 1400, the Holy Roman Empire is located close to the Mediterranean Sea which mean that they were closer to China than the other empires. They came from the west and traveled south to China. Doge (ruler) of Venice, came from the west and traveled south to China. Venice is located in the northern part of Italy. They traveled Aegean Sea and through the Mediterranean Sea. The kings of England at that time lived in between the kingdom of France and Scotland. They traveled through the Chanel and then through the Mediterranean Sea. The kingdoms of France, Castille and Portugal, had to travel through the Mediterranean Sea and travel west to get to China.

For the picture showing the different dynasties at different time periods shows me that the rulers changed very often and their share of land was also changing. During 210 BCE, the Quin Dynasty was starting off with a small chunk of land compared to in 1892, the Quig Dynasty the land is very big. So I can see that as time passed by, the land expanded. However, in between 210 BCE and 1892, there has been a division of the land between the Dynasties starting from 350 BCE. As the land started to get bigger, the dividing slowly stopped and then started again in 262 CE.

The map that shows the "Silk Road", shows me that the road went through some modern countries like, Egypt, India, and China. I think that it went through those countries because they were the most powerful countries at that time and they often traded together. They traded things like, silks, spices, and information about their country so that everyone else could learn more about it.

For the map that shows the population between the years 1400-1600, I can see that that population between those years, don't really have a difference except for the fact that during the year 1400, there were lots of people living in one place and in the year 1600, there were a lot of people spread out a bit more and there aren't as many overpopulated places.

When I compare the map of the great walled capital Zhu Di built, to the map of modern China, I can see that in the map of the great walled capital, there aren't a lot of roads and buildings, just temples. But when I look at the map of modern China, I can see that there are lots of museums and new roads. I think that there are lots of museums because this area is very important to history. Also, in the modern map, all of the walls that were built are gone.

If the Great Wall of China started in Beijing and went for 6400 km, then the wall would end in New Delhi, India.

For the picture with the Prime Meridian, I can see that China wasn't chosen but Greenwich, England was. Greenwich, England is located above the equator.

The picture that shows the Great Canal show me that the canal went all through China and shows me that it was important for trading from inside the country. It's amazing how one leader could do all of this is such a short period of time, creating a Great Canal. This not only brought great fortune to the country, but it made Zhu Di a very important person.

**The Spread of Islam (8/30/11)**
The territory added by the Ummayad caliphs is getting smaller as time passes by, while the territory added by the first four caliphs is expanding. The Islamic world under Muhammad also formed.

I am confused by your second sentence. The Ummayad and Abbasid empires WERE "The Islamic world under Muhammad, so why would you use the world "also"? 2.5/3

**Family Timeline Project (8/24/11)**


Description: This is the Patent for the company in Chicago, Illinois. If you can see closely, it says the date, November 11, 2003. That was the date in which the patent was giving to the company. This is a primary source because it was made on that day. Significance: This is very significant because without this, my Grandparents wouldn't have been able to succeed in their business as well as now. Also because it proves that my family got a patent for their company.
 * Source #1(Primary, Written)**



Description: This is a picture of my (named in order) Uncle's wife, Uncle, Grandmother(Hae Won Park), and Grandfather(Jong Ho Ko) when they got the award from President Obama. Although it was a small award, it was a very big award to my family. They were very thankful and happy about it. This is a primary unwritten source because it was taken on the day when they got the award. Significance: This is significant because this gave my family more confidence in their company and lead them to extending their company to China in March, 2011. And also because it proves that my family got the award.
 * Source #2(Primary, Unwritten)**

media type="youtube" key="XYd8pIaoCys" height="344" width="560"

Description: This source is an Oral Interview with my Grandmother telling us how her company got to be and the process through it. This is a secondary source because it is my Grandmother retelling the story that happened a long time ago. Significance: This is significant because it is telling the everyone that this actually happened and me, Hannah Kim, the historian isn't making all of this stuff up.
 * Source #3(Secondary, Oral Interview)**

This was is a story of my Grandparent's company (Philos Technologies) and how it became what it is now. My grandparents earned a Patent for their company and first opened it up in Alabama. The economy wasn't good at that area, so they moved to a close state called Georgia taking their whole family of 7. From there, they earned another patent and moved to Chicago, IL. The company in Illinois increased business because my grandparents got a lot of help from the state. In 2003, they got the best small-to-medium sized company award from the state. And then in 2009, they got the most improved small-to-medium sized company award from President Obama. My family thought that this was a great improvement and got more motivated and started to speed up the business. Their company is now in the States, Korea, and China.
 * Recount of Event:**

**Turning Points in Pre-Renaissance World (8/22/11)**
__Kaitlyn H. & Hannah K.__

"Many Hats of a Historian" (8/17/11)
Vocabulary __In section 1, //Heretical Beliefs//, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article?__
 * heretical-//person that believes in something//
 * faggot-a //collection of sticks/twigs//
 * Eucharist-//Christian ceremony// where you recall the Last Supper(bread and wine is served at this event)
 * abstain-//preventing// ourselves from doing or taking benefit from something
 * penance-//forcing someone// to //say// that //they're guilty// and to //ask for forgiveness of the sin//
 * beseeching-//demanding// //someone in panic// to do something very important, very fast
 * source-something that provides evidence
 * Hogsflesh is forced to declare that he was convicted for heretical beliefs and to complete his penance. If he refuses to, he would be burned to death on a pile of faggots. The main point of this article is that during this time period, and at this location, this area was a very religion based place. Therefore, if you do/say something wrong about the religion, there are very serious circumstances, like for example, Hogsflesh had to carry a faggot around to show that he's being punished.

Not the main idea of the article.

__What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles?__
 * A historian's role could simply be defined as a person that puts events in order. However, John Arnold defines it as a person that is an interpreter, investigator, examiner, judge, or a philosopher. And also there are roles that a historian has to play which is a synthesizer and story teller. The interpreter, investigator, etc. are all roles that a historian //might// play.
 * I do agree with John Arnold because a historian can be a story teller by telling people the story in which the historian figured out by putting the events in order and they could also be synthesizer by getting bits and pieces of information and putting it together. Also while putting the information together, the historian could take out things that are unnecessary/untrue.

Good answer, though you've missed some of the roles Arnold's defines.

__What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references?__
 * Treating a source and examining it with fidelity means to dedicate your time and effort to the sources and analyze the information carefully. This is very important when you're reading historical references or anything as a matter of fact because when a historian puts together a historical story, he/she takes a long time putting the puzzles to the story together. If the historian just whipped up the story in 10 minutes after looking at sources for a short amount of time, this could result to false knowledge.

Not quite correct.

__How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view?__
 * A single event could be interpreted in more than one way because some historians may say different things than other historians since everyone's mind can't be the same and the way that everyone imagines is different. One time when I was around 12, I was eating this jello-juice sort of thing, and there was only one left in the fridge. However, if my brother sees me eating the jello-juice he'll also want it. So I casually took it to my room, but my brother saw me and he ran up to my mom asking for one as well. My mom checked the fridge and there were none left, so my brother wasn't in a good mood at the time, he came to my room and snatched the jello-juice from my hands while I was drinking it. I did get a bit mad, but since it was my little brother, I was determined to give it to him and share. Historians could interpret this story by saying that during the year 2010, people were fighting over food because the fridge wasn't full and there wasn't enough food for everyone, and that led to my brother snatching the jello-juice from my hands.

Good answer.

__Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response.__
 * My mom and I discussed a story that happened when I was little, so my memory wasn't as clear when we talked about it. While we were talking, my mom kept on correcting me telling me that, that didn't actually happen. I think that it is not possible for a historian to be completely objective because different historians have different feelings about things, so they might interpret the story in a way that it doesn't sound right to another historian.

Good answer.

__What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history?__
 * When historians practice subjective history, it may be hard because subjective history is based on opinion and feelings, and everyone can't have the same opinion as each other. One historian could argue that they think Mulan's(the Disney Princess) room was pink because princess's are all usually girly, but another could argue that the princess's room was green based on her feelings and actions. This makes sense to me because when I was talking with my mom about my story when I was young, I only slightly remembered, so I told her what I knew, but she said that something else happened than what I thought had happened. This tells me that history can always have mistakes unless there are primary sources to help us lead to the right answer.

Great answer!

__Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not?__
 * Every historian is "a storyteller" because they take sources and then interpret them into stories that they tell everyone to. We could only trust certain historians because they would have the evidence to prove that their story is right. However, some other historians' stories might not be as accurate because they just took all the other historians' evidence and created their own different story.

Good answer!

__How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views?__
 * My views of history and historians changed by making me think about all the different jobs that one person could have at once. And how hard it is to get the right evidence, test if its true, and then tell everyone because some people might disagree with your ideas on what really happened in history. I will approach history in a more detailed way now that I've explored these views on history and historians.

A worthy goal.

9.5/10