Education

//Question: What was education like for people during the French Revolution? //

=Education =

From Joonypedia, the free encyclopedia toc

**Education** was a controversial, but indispensable, topic throughout France's history. As from the Enlightenment, philosophes like Rousseau supported educational systems that focused on children's natural abilities of both genders. France struggled approving its national educational system, due to Robespierre’s opposition and the Assembly refusing such educational projects. The French Revolution (1789 - 1799) was not only a period of political and social innovations, but also revolutionized France’s educational system.

Later, an organization was interested in this project. This is from the Decree Relative to Primary Schools (17 November 1794) by the Thermidorian Convention and the Directory:

In addition to being written towards secular and free education, both genders deserved primary public education paid by the state.
 * 1) The primary schools shall have as their aim the provision, for children of both sexes, of the instruction necessary for free peoples.
 * 2) The primary schools shall be distributed throughout the territory of the Republic in proportion to population; accordingly, there shall be one primary school for every 1,000 inhabitants.

The Bourgeoisie (Third Estate / Middle Class)
Education was thought to be essential for the bourgeoisie, or the "rest of France". This meant these children would’ve developed their knowledge and expertise in a university. However, the French educational system during the revolution was not always promising. Here is a quote from Science, Education, and the French Revolution by L. Pearce Wiliams:

"Similarly the abolition of the //octroi// was in line with contemporary bourgeois thought in regard to freedom of circulation of goods within France, but it also had the effect of cutting secular municipal schools off without sufficient funds to remain in operation. By February 1791, primary and secondary education in France had practically perished."

This quote mentions financial issues tackling primary and secondary education. The educational relationship between the three Estates continues throughout.

Between the Estates
The nobility and the clergy, or the Second and First Estate, had children tutored privately for universities, providing the best education possible. The Third Estate, as described before, also had public education. As a result of the previous quote, the educational system failed due to conflicts between the Estates. Although the Third Estate eventually succeeded in 1789, they were financially challenged due to the First and Second Estates’ feudal / religious powers. Despite of various dilemmas, a public educational system for all classes was officially achieved in 1794.

Women


As the French Revolution commenced, women arose to declare their equal rights. Rousseau's treatise, //Emile, or On Education// // (1762) //, really supported the fact that women and men are quite similar physically, mentally, and morally. Therefore, women deserve the respect for education like men. This concept really encouraged such women like Olympe de Gouges to be educated and become an author.

Works Cited
Assembly, the States-General was reconstituted first as the National. "Estates of the realm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. . "Collot d'Herbois - Modern Portraits." //Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois - Online Resource//. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. . "Emile: or, On Education - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. . Rosenzweig, Roy. "Primary Schools." //Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media//. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. . Rosenzweig, Roy. "Jean - Jacques Rousseau, Emile (1762)." //Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media//. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. . "Social Classes of 19th Century France - PDF." //Upload PDF Documents - Broadcast - Share//. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. <http://pdfcast.org/pdf/social-classes-of-19th-century-france>. Williams, L. Pearce. "Science, Education and the French Revolution." //Scribd//. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. <http://www.scribd.com/doc/59341704/Science-Education-and-the-French-Revolution>. "World History: The Modern Era - Username." // World History: The Modern Era - Username //. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. <http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/309360?terms=french+revolution>.

Not quite sure how a pie chart can be "brief". Do not title something what it IS (eg a pie chart) but what it conveys. 10/10