Stella's+World

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6O7ijlatrbk&feature=youtu.be

__The Venn Diagram & Question__
__Question__ Do you think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes? Explain your thinking.

I think it is right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for crime because they are the one who should be responsible and they are the one who moved to action from hostility. If some leaders whowere opposing to the idea of war, they could have stop it but the fact is they did not. It was certainly a bad and selfish decision. Although not all leaders might not completely agreed, it is their fault not opposigng the to idea and expressing or persuading others.Also, since punishing everyone in those country is going to be too much people to punish and they might revel to the world, I think it is right to select only some.

Missing Venn diagram? 5/10

__May 15, 2012__
__Class 47__ __The record for Holocaust Videos__

Before I watch this video, I never knew that Germans treated twins differently. It was pretty shocking that twins were sent to do human experiences and I couldn't imagine how painful would that be. However, I was very touched that they while they were recoding their interviews, they were smiling, instead of others who made a depressing faces.
 * Twins**

I almost cried when I was watching this video. I imagined my younger sister getting torture from soldiers and I really couldn't stand it. I felt again that Nazis are the ones who don't have sympathy (although some were not) or feelings. They not only killed Jews, but also killed every Jews who were living at that time, by making them to forget how to kiss or hug.
 * Brothers**

The most touching line I heard from those videos is that Jews are people who are just breathing. I felt so sorry, complaining about my life even though it might be felt like a heaven to Jews (having enough food, freedom, education, a living place etc). Although I cannot imagine fully how he would have felt when he knew that soon it is going to be his turn, but I at least think of the situation, every hopes I had ending soon.
 * Mordecai Eldar**

I was even more shocked that Jews threw the alive children outside and watch them dying by Nazis. But I can understand their situation too; when Nazis decided to kill children, they will die soon anyways so others who are watching do not need to waste their lives.
 * Zanne Farbstein**

I was really shocked when the Nazis were considering killing Jews as a game. However, again, I was touched that he he was able to start a new life.
 * Yaakov Hollander**

I feel better looking at her finding a new better life. It was not a shock that Nazis used Jews as a worker and treating them so badly.
 * Sophie Engelsman**

I understand her being so confused about the situation she faced. I mean the young kids are optimistic and active. However, when I imagine her suffering from lack of food and constantly moving around life, I couldn't help myself but being so angry at Nazis. They really seems to not care about Jews whatsoever.
 * Eva Brown**

9/10

Class 43 5/7/12 **Japanse Internment: Fair or Unfair** In my opinion the Japanese Internment camps were unfair. Although Americans always support the idea of equality, they always have been treating different races differently, including Japan. Although they were shocked when they first looked at the German's concentration camps, they are actually doing the same thing as Germans. They are treated wrongly and the supplies were very poor. Also although America always support freedom, their action towards the camps were very irony where they put fences around the camp so that Japanese cannot escape out of there.

I think there are lots of people who are wearing the Nazi symbols, and there is Mein Kampf which was written by Hitler and the small eyes represents for Japan. Donal Duck, is raising his arms, which is to respect Hitler. I think what the artist wanted to say is that Germany is using innocent people to respect Hitler as a hero. I think they produced these cartoons to tell Americans that Germans are using people to get support for Hitler. By showing this, Americans can get their hostility towards Germans, and they can join the army because since Donald Duck is a character which represent the Americans, respecting Hitler means that Americans are ridiculed and used by Germans.
 * War time propaganda**
 * 1) What wartime images do you recognize from your study of the war?**
 * 2) What are some of the messages of this cartoon?**
 * 3) Why do you think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war?**

This cartoon shows Uncle Sam putting used papers together in ceasing machine. I think the symbol used in this cartoon is the label which says that 'Christmas Packages for 1944' which means that winter is coming soon and they are preparing for it, especially those of people who are coming back to home from the end of the war. I think this cartoon is trying to say that by taking the action, America could produce a lot of resources, resources that can support soliders with enough amount.
 * Political Cartoon for the home front**
 * 1)What is in the cartoon? Explain the symbolism you see.**
 * 2) What is the intended message of the cartoon?**

__Rationing__ - Food Rationing came strong in January 1940 - Each family had to register with a shop in order to buy something for themselves - Children and adults were given 48 coupons - buy products such as clothings.
 * Life on the Home front in Britain exploration - 3 significant pieces of information**.

__Woman in the War__ - Women were to work in the various factories. - Some of the women also joined the Women's Voluntary Service (WVS) and Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) - Women were happy to join the factories

__Children at War__ -Over 3,500,000 children and others were sent off to safe places. -A lot of children were excited to move somewhere (did not know what was going on) -

__Messages of War__ - There were lots of propaganda - Lots of posters often criticized something - People tried the campaign of reusing their products

Japan seeks to build an Empire

 * **1.Bombing of Pearl Harbor** || # Japan surprised US and made a huge damage
 * 1) America joined the WWII as allies ||
 * **2. Fall of Southern Asian colonies** || # Japan conquested colonies of Europe, such as Philippine and Guam but US started to hate Japan even more.
 * 1) Japan's power got stronger ||
 * **3. Doolittle’s raid on Japan** || # America bombed towns in Japan
 * 1) There was a little damage but showed US can actually attack other countries despite of their morals. ||
 * **4. Battle of the Coral Sea** || # Allied naval fleets against Japan was to stop Japan from gaining power
 * 1) Allies couuld stop Japan from gaining power southward ||
 * **5.Battle of Midway** || # Japan gor great damage by defending Midway island
 * 1) Changed tide in Pacific wars ||
 * **6. Battle of Guadalcanal** || # America attacked Japan's islands and won
 * 1) Japan relized that they no longer can win ||

Isoroku Yamamoto was a Japanese military leader who supported the attack on Pearl Harbor by supporting the air force in Japan. He thought himself as a leader of Japan but he was defeated by the attack of Midway and his confidence went down. When Douglas MacArthur was the leader of land forces in Pacific, he came up with the idea of Battle of Guadalcanal, which later defeated Japanese.

1.I think this cartoon showed that Japan and China is fighting with League of Nation but League of nation is sending America to stop their fight. Japan is depicted as small, therefore, I noticed that it is not a significant or very dangerous country.
 * Political cartoon**

2.I think this cartoon showed that Europeans dominating over Asia. Because Uncle Sam is lifted up by Aisans, it indicates that Asians are supporting the Europeans countries. However, Japanese think that Asians are powerful as well and it is just their bias.

3.I think this shows that Japan is trying to disobey League of Nation by their thought that they are going to cease power all over the world. However, Japan considers League of nation as something that blocks their dream.

4.I think this cartoon is trying to indicate a war between Japan and New Guinea. When Japan is trying to take over New Guinea, it is trying to cooperate with US and fight back together against Japan.


 * 1) The reason why Japan attacked US is because first of all, Japan had a limitation of resources and America was cutting off trades, such as oil. This was a big problem because oil was used for fuels of bombs and other kinds of weapons used in war. In contrast to Japan, America was a country with plenty of oil, so Japan thought of getting oil by invading America. Also, America was continuously showing their hostility towards Japan by disagreeing and criticizing their actions towards colonization. At last, America sided with China, which also meant warning for Japan.

9/10 //Japan Seeks to Build an Empire & Pearl Harbor Classwork//
 * Class 42: May 2nd, 2012**

It was a German plan to invade UK. However the plan was cancelled in September 1940 because Hitler was lack of air force and naval force than Britain. Because Britain had much small air force than Luftwaffe.
 * Questions: **
 * 1. What was Operation Sea Lion? **
 * 1. What was Operation Sea Lion? **
 * 2. Why did the battle not look good for Britain? **

First, Britain had a good technology of using radars that could attack planes that were near them and also there were many volunteers.
 * 3. What advantage did Britain have? **

German underestimated Britain by thinking that they were heavily bombed and they would forfeit. Instead, the defense got stronger.
 * 4. What was Germany's mistake? **

It united people
 * 5. What was the impact of the bombing of London? How did the bombing of London aid Britain's cause? **

Allies learned morals
 * 6. Why was the outcome of the battle of Britain significant for the Allies? **

Read the newspaper below about the Battle of Britain, and watch the two videos, then write a short paragraph that explains why the British were able to hold off the German invasion when they were militarily weaker. Use evidence to support your ideas. Post your work on your gallery page.

7/10


 * 27/4/2012 Notes**

- Hitler: Unhappy about Treaty of Versailes & unite all Germans in a single country & larger territory - Germans: In Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland = Under Hitler's power - Did not have enough food or raw materials and the solution was to take over the rich farmlands and mies of countries to the east like Russia and Poland - German's allies: Spain (helped for civil war - Condor Legion) - Britain, France, Italy: Allies - Germany was divided into two by the Polish Corridor - Hitler gave important jobs to Nazis - Hitler feared Austrians would vote for independence - Hitler instructed Henlein to make up trouble in the Sudetenland - The Czhes had a big army and strong defences also they had France to help them & Czhes knew that Germans were coming and prepared before hand - Neville Chamberlain is the Prime Minister of Britain and he gave second chance to Hitler - After much discussion the four men at the Munich Conference agreed that Germany should have Sudetenland - Hitler’s Germany would not complete until the Polish Corridor was in his hands

__Schuschnigg:__ - Agreed on pro-Nazi and which would do what Hitler wanted - Tried to solve problem by the vote among the Austrian people to see whether they wanted to join with Germany or stay independent - Asked Italy, Britain and France to protect his country but all three refused

__Timeline:__ - 1934: Hitler orders top secret orders for the armed force to expand - 1935: Throw off the cloak of secrecy and announced in public - 1936: Hitler ordered army to march into the Rhineland & made an agreement with dictator of Italy (Benito Mussolini) that they would work closely in Rome-Berlin Axis - 1938: Hitler planed of anshluss with Austria to unite German-speaking countries as a one country. - 1983: Hitler decided in 1938 to cut off the & make part of Germany

__Grossary:__ - Hermann Goering: To creaate an air force and secretly train pilots in civilian flying clubs - West Wall: In future France and Britain could not easily take action against Germany - Anti-Comintern Pact: An agreement between Japan and German - Appeasement: Hitler was prepared to go to almost any lengths to avoid such a war, this policy - Sudeten German Party: A Nazi-style party that part of Czech were supported by - Rome-Berlin Axis: Foreign affairs

10/10

Notes on Chapter 1 and 2 25th/ 04/ 2012** Hitler:
 * borrn in 1889 in Braunau in Austria
 * When he was young he cleaned carpets, sweeping snow and painted post cards
 * Supported nationalist parties, hated socialist parties
 * left Austria in 1913
 * Hitler’s ideas: Mein Kampf
 * Fuehrer: the strong single leader of Germany
 * volunteered to join the WW1 German army
 * Leader of Nazi part
 * Organized Storm Troppers: beat up people who disagreed with him & overthrew government (-> sent to prison)
 * He was in prison for a year
 * Became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933
 * made a ‘Law against the Formation of New Parties’ : the only party
 * The new law : banned communists and socialists from taking part in the election campaign & newspapers were shut down
 * Wanted 'Law for the Protection of the People and State'
 * Hated Parliament
 * Arranged for a general election in 1933


 * Pure race: Germans
 * Aryan: keep themselves pure.
 * Jews: must be destroyed & biggest threat
 * Germany: democracy
 * The Nazi Party: had millions of peoples & organised very carefully

9/10

//The Great Depression//
 * Class 35: Apr. 16th, 2012**

__**Station 1) Organizer**__ - New trend of art - Women earns franchise and power in society - Better technology || - European countries started to get less power - Inflation - Germany borrowed money for US - Demand and Selling rate decreased - Trade issues - New but unstable laws, limiting the power of polices - Too many political parties || - Britain and France's multiparty was formed - In countries like Sweden and Denmark, Government started to gather more taxes - New deal was made in order to increase number of jobs ||
 * Post war uncertainty || Causes || Solution ||
 * - Science was developed

1. Headline: Stock exchange: Good way to make money? Thesis: As more and more people invested on the stock, more and more people needed money from bank but since too many people were Paragraph 1: People were buying too much stock Paragraph 2: Banks could not afford people's money since too many people want money at the same time. Paragraph 3: People were no longer willing to spend their money since they are lack of it.
 * __Station 2) Photo Essay and Headlines__**

2. Headline: What is government for? Thesis: After people were back from WWI, what they could get was only the suffrage instead of support from government Paragraph 1: America's whole economy went down because of Great Depression Paragraph 2: What governments can do was that they are going to pa peple Paragraph 3:People started to use violence

Notes for Station 3? Good think I'm not checking these!

Your assignment for Station 2 was to write two articles as though the photos were taken NOW, so would you be using past tense? You also seem to have misunderstood the difference between the two publications -- one for US readers, one for international readers -- and how this would impact the content and the way the story is told. You organizer does not make sense of the different approaches to the Depression that different countries used, and seems to miss the point of the chapter.

7.5/10

Where are your oral quizzes #2-4?


 * The Chinese Revolution and Japanese Imperialism**

Treaty of Versailles added to China's problems because at that time, foreign countries invaded China and some parts were ruled by them. For China, it was angry to them to give their territory which was ruled by German was given to Japan which was more ambitious to invade new territories.
 * __Station 1) Reading and Question__**
 * How did the Treaty of Versailles add to China's problems?**

Japan hugely developed from 1867 to 1912, which was called as 'enlightened rule'. Japan wanted to imitate Germany, Britain and Us to make better country and their own system. Therefore, in 1890, they could finish developing military and economic power
 * Station 2) Chapter for History Textbook**

By industrialization, Japan developed as wealtheir and stronger country because it made the production to increase but unemployment rate to be decrease, therefore people's demand went up, including the amount of money people possessed. Because of this, Japan became a independent country and could expand their territory by using its grown power.
 * "A graph that shows Japan’s GDP, industrial production, and employment rates from 1860, 1910, and 1929.” (Figure 1)" **


 * //*Map showing Japan’s acquisition of territory from 1890 to 1910*//**

//***Pictures of Japan during the Great Depression***// The Japanese mobilization of invading invading Manchuria 1931 benefited Japan by earning huge amount of money.First of all, Manchuria had numerous resources and raw materials. Secondly, Japan wanted to mobilized their force across the world, and lastly, it was a great way to curb Chinese power. Therefore, Japan invaded China in 1937 and the French Indo-China, which led to Pacific war and WWII.

Stalin and Mao had very much in common. First of all, they were communist and used their power to maintain their dictatorship , violent and harsh dictators, were very similar. Secondly, they were both communist and killed everyone who were against their idea of Communism, which made a huge number of death. However in my opinion, Mao is worse than Stalin. Because Mao considered his people as a tool to make his country better. "Death of the peasants had benefits because their bodies could fertilize the soil"
 * Station 3) Videos + Mao vs. Stalin**

Your use of quotation marks and bold fonts are rather random for the "textbook" article. Punctuation is used to convey meaning. However, your content is good. 9.5.10

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Russian Revolution media type="file" key="On Party, talking about Russian Revolution .mov" width="300" height="300"

I cannot see you talking for part of this.. Your discussion of the two parties is a bit confused, and there is no conclusion or tying up of your presentation, which just cuts off at 3 minutes -- a pity. 8.5/10 ....

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I think the reason why Russian Revolution happened in 1917 is because first, Russia had suffered so much from WWI, but they had not achieved anything. Also too much fast industrialization and defeat at war with Japanese led to the poor working condition, high unemployment, and inflation made people to starve. At last, Nicholas, person who ruled his own country with too much confidence and selfishness had made some bad decisions that later led to people's anger because those who were affected by WW1 was those citizens but even after the war, people who were having hard time was those citizens.
 * __Station 1) Why Russia had a revolution in 1917__**


 * Station 2)**
 * When we think about Russia's rulers, one of them would be Joseph Stalin. In Russian, the name Stalin means 'man of Steal', and like his name, he was a notorious leader, killing millions of people who were on the other side of him. In addition to this, the lower class people were treated like slaves, He did everything to keep his totalitarian rule and this brought Russia to be a first Communist country. He also used propaganda to make himself as a good leader in order to get much support from people. In conclusion, there is no way to say that he was a good leader who ignored people's lives by murdering millions of people to maintain his power.**


 * Station 3)**



**1. What is the message that this poster is trying to get out to the Russian people?**
I think this poster was used to support Stalin because it conveys the message that he is is someone who would rescue Russia. Since lots of people are behind him, it says that he had lots of followers. Since he is standing in the middle with two arms opened, it looks like he has full confidence and ability to control people over. Also the red sun over his head conveys that he is someone who is powerful and shine people's life by making Russia a better country.

2.Do yo **u find this piece of propaganda to be compelling? Why or why not?**
I find this piece of propaganda very compelling because it is something that is so fake because it was made under Stalin's force. The fact that he was using media(propaganda) to make get more support, makes the propaganda to be compelling because I know his true facts and personality.

(On paper)
 * 3. Make your own propaganda poster designed to make viewers adopt your viewpoint on one of the following issues.**

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The Treaty of Versailles reflected different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I. First of all, France, which had most of the wars, was too much damaged, so it wanted a lot of resources such as money, army and huge land. This made Germany to be totally destroyed because soon, Germany was full of jobless people which made the econmy to decline. However, They France was not the only country which wanted land from winning the war. There was Japan, Italy, China and some other countries that wanted lands from German territory. However US had a different idea from them. The president of US at that time was Woodrow Wilson, who was supporting the idea of 'world peace'. He thought a country ruleing over the other country wold make wars again, so he asked to seperate countries, and soon new independent countries were born, such as Poland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
 * April, 4th 2012**
 * Q#2 Evaluating decision**
 * How did the Treaty of Versailles reflect the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I?**

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===The content is here, but it is not done in Cornell format, as required. You have not highlighted the 3-5 MOST important ideas, nor turned headings and sub-headings into questions. At this stage in the year, Cornell notes should be second nature to you. If you require help with this, please come and see me so I can help you get this sorted out. 6/10===
 * This is the Cornell notes I couldn't print it so is it okay for me to upload on here**

Please put a line between assignments, and date each as required.

**Impact of Nationalism**
__**Positive and Negative Results of Imperialism**__


 * **Positive Results** || **Negative Results** ||
 * * Likely to gain independence
 * overcome local/regional differences under common goals
 * rise of democracies
 * Countries fight to be better than others || * Elimination of unwanted groups by using violence
 * Suffer of different cultures, nations or small groups
 * Cause tensions that later leads to wars between countries
 * rise of 'Chauvinist movements' ||

__**General Impact of Imperialism**__ I think Nationalism has had more positive impact of the world because
 * Do you think nationalism has had a more positive or negative impact on the world? Support your opinion with** __**evidence**__**.**

Genocide in Bosnia: __[]__

__**Types of Nationalist Movements**__ Separation nationalism: divide by cultures from a nation Unification nationalism: Culturally similar geography while it is somehow separated. State-building nationalism: Culturally combine
 * //1. Using the table above, explain the characteristics of each type of Nationalistic movement in your//** __**//own words//**__**//.//**

I think they were scared to the rise of nationalism because since their empires were made of culturally different nationalities and cultures,it was possible for people to support the idea of independence.
 * //2. What do you think would have happened to the empires (e.g. Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire) during the rise of nationalism?//**

Nationalism promotes colonization and usually weaker states are dominated by stronger ones.
 * __Case Study: Italy and Role of Nationalism in Nation-Building__**

__**Analyzing Political Cartoon: “Right Leg in the Boot at Last”**__ Italy is shown as a boot which adds Apennine Peninsula of King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia Garibaldi is portrayed as very patriotic nationalist who was willing to dedicate the southern Italian regions he unified to the king and thus contributing to the betterment of the single Italian state. The cartoon say about the cartoonist's view of Italian unification that cartoonist expresses support of the Italian unification which is a deserving reward after some people were killed, for instance, Garibaldi.
 * 1. What symbol does the cartoonist use for the soon-to-be nation of Italy?**
 * 2. How is Garibaldi portrayed?**
 * 3. What does the title of the cartoon say about the cartoonist’s view of Italian unification?**

===**1. Create a flow chart that shows the key events that led the unification of Germany.**===
 * __Case Study: Germany__**

The unusual thing about the territory of Prussia as it existed in 1865 was that the eastern and western parts of the Prussian Kingdom were separated and there were other foreign countries between them The year 1871 was the biggest expansion of Prussian territory
 * 2. Looking at the map on page 263, answer the two geography skillbuilder questions.**
 * **What was unusual about the territory of Prussia as it existed in 1865?**
 * **2. After 1865, what year saw the biggest expansion of Prussian territory?**
 * **3. Design a national symbol for the newly formed Germany. Include symbols that best represent the spirit or values of the German people at this time. Write a short paragraph explaining your symbol and its significance.**

Flow chart? Explanation of symbol? Answers to questions are superficial and need more care and thought.

17/20


 * Case Study (1) Assessment(2/13/12)**
 * __Terms and Names__**
 * 1. Sepoys** - Believed that Britain was violating and making fun of their religious laws and customs which later made them to cause the Sepoy Mutiny.
 * 2. Sepoy Mutiny** -It is a revolt towards British who could not stand them religiously, which later led to larger cultural and political splits between British and Indians.
 * 3. Congress Party** -nationalistic party that gave equal rights for Indians, mainly worked for self-government and Indian independence.
 * 4. Mohandas K. Gandh**i -One of the most influential Indian figures in congress party, by supporting the methods of peaceful protest which later helped Indians to get independence.
 * 5. Muhammad Ali Jinnah** -A leader of Pakistan when India splited into two countries. He worked for unification of Muslims and bring back their nationality.

__Main Ideas__ The four factors that contributed to the Britain's conquest of India were, first, Britain had a stable government and a law. Secondly, the Indian kingdoms were so powerful in struggling so the chaos helped Britain.Thirdly, Britain were very well organized which made them to achieve their goals better. At last, Britain had a better military imperialism than Indians
 * 1. What were four factors that contributed to Britain's conquest of India?**

The cause of the Sepoy Mutiny was that the British rulers taught Indian soliders to use rifles for hunting animals, however for Indians, because of their religion, the cows and pigs were considered as holy animals. So they refused to follow the rule and started Sepoy Mutiny, which later made Britain to take over India completely.
 * 2. What was the cause of the Sepoy Mutiny and what was its main result?**

The congress party and Muslim League promoted the Indian independence because the congress party was for concerning about the wqual rights for Indians and Muslim League was for people to think and judge whether the congress party would only support Hindu.they all worked together to get self government.
 * 3. Which groups and ideas promoted the Indian independence?**

The four general principles of Gandhi's philosophy were first, live as simply as possible, secondly, always be tolerant of the religious belief of others, thirdly, devote one's life to the service of others, and at last,never resort to violence.
 * 4. What were the four general principles of Gandhi's philosophy?**

In the partition of India, Jinnah was someone who was against Gandhi's ideas but try to work for Indian nationalism. Later, he joined the Muslim League but his his effort to make nationalism had failed and the congress party did not agree with him, which made India to seperate by people who follow Jinnah and people who follow Gandhi.
 * 5. What role did Jinnah play in the partition of India?**

The document of pro-British in nature was S.N Sen,Sir Alfred Lyall and Punch magazine. It said that "Mutiny was certain to happen and because it is an Indian historian, it helps people to know that it is pro-Indian. For Sir Alfred Lyall is a person who tried to say that England is changing Indians' minds, religious ideas amd morals which later will gain benefits for Britain but not for Indians. For Punch magazine, it contained a political cartoon which showed people that Indians were treating badly during British's colonization (Sepoy Mutiny).
 * __Documents__**
 * 6. Which of the documents are pro-British in nature? Which ones are pro-Indian?**

By India's constitution as stated in document H, India's lowest levels of their society would benefit from India;s constitution by all citizens gaining equality and freedom by treated well no matter their social status, which eliminates "caste system".
 * 7. How would Indians in the lowest levels of their society benefit from India's Constitution as stated in Document H?**

They would have a lasting impact on the people of India because Britain helped get the people there organized and find out about the importance of independence. They were also introduced to a lot of new technology. Their rule caused India to break into pieces like India and Pakistan. Without the help of the British, India would not be where it is right now because the British helped reduce the percentage of poor people.
 * 8. Using only the information contained in the documents, answer the following question: How would British colonization have a lasting impact on the people of India? Use examples from the documents to support your answer.**

The causes of the cultural conflict between Britain and Indians were that Britain did not want to get along with Indians together, instead, they considered themselves as higher status than Indians because Britain were living in India as if they were living in Britain; plenty of foods, have servants and no interaction with Indians.
 * __Critical Thinking__**
 * 9. What were the causes of the cultural conflict between the British and the Indians?**

The positive effects of British rule in India were that India learned the importance of independence and technology and value them high. On the other hand, the negative effects were that India had divided to many other countries after the British rule, which made people to be distinguish in social status again.
 * 10. Identify both positive and negative effects of British rule in India.**

The Gandhi's four general principles were effective in dealing with Great Britain because he suggested Britain which conflicts with Britain. For instance, he told Britain to stay as simply as possible. Also, he told people to be tolerant and effective because Britain was forcing Indians to change their religion.
 * 11. How were Gandhi's four general principles effective in dealing with a much more powerful Great Britain?**

Muslims demanded a separate nation because Muhammad was trying to make Muslims to work for their nationalism although it failed because of congress party not agreeing with him. Also, the congress party leader later rejected Jinnah's pleads for a joint congress-Muslim league too.
 * 12. For what reasons did Muslims demand a separate nation?**

The colony of India broke up into four separate nations because when congress party and Muslim wanted a separate nation. They argued on different opinions that later led to civil war and broke into East Pakistan, West Pakistan, SriLanka and India
 * 13. Why did the colony of India break up into four separate nations?**

20/20

1)
 * China || Japan || United States of America ||

-Britain sold opium drug = Opened trade with china for a while -Opium war - China tried to stop the trade - Britain won and China forcefully opened up the trade. - Dowager Empress Cixi tried to modernize China but failed - Created Utopia by Hong Xiuquan - Spheres of influence - Other countries wanted to take over China - Open door policy - US wanted to protect China because it was one of the trading country. -Boxing rebellion - Extraterritorial rights || - Japan recieved from Matthew Perry and was scared and opened the trade - People got angry about opening the trade, Meiji era - Tries to develop Japan to be the modern country - Gained power internationally || - The First Media War - The Spanish/ American War - US defeated Spain - Acquiring a Pacific Empire - Wanted to grow larger as global power and decrease the power of other countries' -Wanted to dominate the world market - Willing to educate and change people's religion to Christian || Korea America China: Anti imperialism because the woman's face is depressed and very unhappy Korea: Anti imperialism because there are three countries fighting to get Korea and while China and Japan are fishing, meaning they are trying to get Korea first, there is Russia in the middle, holding a knife waiting to kill two of them and get Korea which shows the greediness America: Anti imperialism because there is blood on the earth
 * **China** || **Japan** || **United States of America** ||
 * - Hard to open trade because itself was sufficient
 * 2) Find one political cartoon for the impact of imperialism in China, one for the impact on Korea and one for American Imperialism. Include these cartoons in your notes and answers the following questions:**
 * China**
 * 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?**

China: Korea: America: America is being too greedy
 * 2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations?**

China: There are too many wars going on for China to hold and stand and they are getting tired of them Korea: In this cartoon, Japanese, Chinese and Russians are willing to take over Korea. America: Anti imperialism because there is blood on the earth
 * 3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists?**

China: China, the country which had large amount of land and once the leading country in the world is now getting tired and becoming weak because of America which willing to take over China Korea: America: People die due to the greediness of America's imperialism
 * 4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//OR//__ costs of imperialism?**

// 1) // **Feudalism and mercantilism were two economic systems that preceded capitalism. Review and summarize (in your own words) how they generated wealth. How does capitalism DIFFER from these two systems?**

Feudalism generated wealth by However Capitalism is different from Feudalism and Mercantilism because Mercantilism is an economic theory that a country gets power from its wealth and Capitalism is a system which is local with the base of manorial system.

2) **According to this lecturer, what forces drive capitalism?** According to the lecturer, Capitalism was droven by making them wealthy by creating things that more are innovative and productive than other and other resources too

Not much improvement in your ability to analyze political cartoons. Do you need some extra help with this? Your answers to the last two questions are incomplete.

12/20

Task 1
 * with Cindy**

Task 2 France and Britain controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914. I think they had the largest area of Africa because they materialistically developed so much by having the first industrial revolution than other nations.
 * Which countries controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914?**
 * Why do you think these countries had THE largest area of Africa?**

Task 3 -A policy in which a strong nation: dominate politically, economically, socially. -Colonization: T]\\ke as much money, obtain raw resources (gold, spices, valuable gems)
 * Watch the video below and continue to add to your notes. Make sure that you include the long term impacts of Colonization as well.**

Task 4 It was a conference of powerful countries at that time. They met in Berlin in order to divide African continent for themselves but Africans were not allow to meet in this meeting. However, there were no Africans attending the meeting.
 * What was the Berlin Conference?**

First of all, those countries were suppose to claim powers if they wanted to gain lands. Also, the annexation would working when it was approved by effective occupation. At last, they considered doing treaties with African rulers are sovereignty
 * What were the three outcomes of the conference?**

Task 5
 * Task 5: Look through the 'Images of Imperialism' handout. For //__each__// of the images answer the following questions //__using evidence from the image__// to support your ideas.**
 * 1. Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?**
 * 2. What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations?**
 * 3. What views are being communicated about the British/Americans in their role as imperialists?**
 * 4. What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits** __**OR**__ **costs of imperialism?**


 * Picture 1**
 * 1.** I think this image is anti-imperialist because the person whose hand is one the map is described as fat and greedy.


 * 2.** I think Africans are being communicated as a week people who cannot even protest against those whites who want to use them only as a way of gaining profit


 * 3.** I think British/ Americans are being communicated as a greedy men who are trying to gain profit by squeezing out Africa.On the map, there is a word 'gold' which shows that what those colonizers really wanted was gold.


 * 4.** The author is conveying that the imperialists are trying to take over the golds from the weak Africans. And they only consider the Africans as a useful resource.


 * Picture 2**
 * 1.** I think this image is pro-imperialist, because the white man is leading the young African children to light. His face looks calm and there is a little bit of smile, which shows that he leads them to the better world rather than using violence.


 * 2.** The young Africans are being communicated as skinny, poor, small and following the man at the back which shows that they are weak.


 * 3.** British/Americans are being communicated as a good leader for Asians and Africans.


 * 4.** The author is conveying that the young, immature African children were to be taken care by the white man. Since it’s the white man’s duty to take care of them, it means the Africans have to follow him to escape from poverty.


 * Picture 3**
 * 1.** This image is anti-imperialist, because a Africans who symbolizes for the whole Africans is being killed by a snake which has crown on its head and has a big nos.


 * 2.** Africans are being communicated as a weak people who are always being tortured by Whites.


 * 3.** British/Americans are being communicated as a powerful snake who are always squeeze out those poor Black people in order to gain profits.

weak Africans have to suffer pain under Britain’s rule.
 * 4.** The author is trying to convey that the


 * Picture 4**
 * 1.** I think this image is pro-imperialist because the picture is showing a country that functions well; very civilized and peaceful


 * 2.** The Asians are being communicated as a loyal servant of British people and they are used as someone who always satisfies what Whites wants


 * 3.** The British/Americans are being communicated as a powerful ruler of the Asians; Teaching and rulling Asians to the light and make them to be effective labors to achieve whatever they want.


 * 4.** The message from this picture is that if they believe and follow Whites, they are going to be led towards the light and live better lives than they currently do, so the Whites are doing what is justified and helpful to Blacks.


 * Picture 5**
 * 1.** This image is anti-imperialist, because the white man is scaring those Black children from Cuba. While the white calm children at the back are reading with individual books, those children at the front don't have tables. Also, on the left, there is a black man who is cleaning the window which shows that he is lower status than whites.


 * 2.** The Africans are being communicated as a weak, and stupid people.


 * 3.** The white man is being communicated as a strict teacher who is trying to preteds to teach those Blacks, but in fact he is scaring them and being classifying those Black children with Whites, showing racism.


 * 4.** The central message of this picture is that although the Americans say that they have duty to teach Blacks, but actually they are using them to achieve other targets.


 * Picture 6**
 * 1.** This image is anti-imperialist, because the black eagle with the crown is looking for prays, and in this case, it shows that the prayers are Africans.


 * 2.** The Africans are being communicated as a weak frightened villagers who cannot protest to the eagle and although there are bunch of crowds looking and holding the weapon.


 * 3.** British/Americans are being communicated as a powerful and this is known when we compare the size of eagle with people on the land.


 * 4.** The main idea of this picture is that those Africans are just weak and cannot do anything they want because at anytime, the eagle is going to catch and eat them, which means those Africans are going to be tortured with resistance, but without power.


 * Picture 7**
 * 1.** This image is anti-imperialist, because large number of Philippines are shown dead at the back. Some of them are lying on the ground and one of them has hanged on the trees with his hand tied on the back.


 * 2.**The Philippines are being communicated as people who were weak that they died out by torture.


 * 3.** The white man looking at the map is being communicated as a representation of evil and savage because although his colonized country citizens are died out because of him, he is still looking for other ways to find other way of getting profit.


 * 4.** The message that is being conveyed in this picture is that it is not justified to kill those people so savagely, instead they have to find other ways to gain profit as well as treating them well

You need to develop your skills in the analysis of political cartoons as several of these have been misinterpreted. Generally needs more thoughtful answers and care. 23/30

Where is your assignment on Darwin's theory, and the imperialism chart, due Feb. 7? 0/10 Where is your assignment on "The White Man's Burden", due Feb. 3? 0/10

Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels will disagree about the negative impact from the industrialization because they were very wealthy. At that time, people who were owning factory were gaining all the money, expanding the gap between the poor and the rich. So they liked to increase the production and profit from labors, by decreasing the wages. 2. __What might be reasons for 16-year-old Mary Paul’s satisfaction with her job and life in Lowell?__ For 16-year-old Mary Paul, he will be satisfied with her job and life in Lowell because when people are unskilled and young, they are easily believe what others say and do not know that they are telling something bad. Also, for young people, the works were limited, so they were having trouble with getting a job. At last, she has all the basic needs, a house and food which makes her not to worry about the current situation. 3. __Why might the political cartoon by Walter Crane be used in getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism?__ The political cartoon by Walter Crane probably have rallied the workers to cause of socialism because the picture of laborer must cause viewer to feel sympathy and angry to themselves so that they can do something in order to improve the situation.
 * Document-Based Questions**
 * 1) __Why would Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels disagree about the effects of industrialization?__

Where are your Cornell notes pp 304-306, 308? 0/10 Your answer to question 1 emphasizes what the two men have in common (though Engels was a MANAGER, not a capitalist, and therefore NOT wealthy), so how does this answer the question which asks you to explain why their opinions DIFFERED? You have not attempted to reconcile Mary Paul's rosy description of her job with what you know about the poor working conditions in textile mills. Your answer to question 3 is better, though you do need to be more careful with grammar and syntax so that what you write can be clearly understood. 7.5/10

I do not think that Marx would agree on the fact that these countries are communist because although he has a great idea,Marx's utopian society and current communist societies show huge difference. For instance, he was hoping for equality between classes no matter how much they have. However, the current communist societies are not.
 * Would Marx have agree that these countries were "communist"?**

To the communist world, it was clear that it is impossible to separate those social classes.
 * What has happened to the "communist" world (once called the "Second World", to distinguish it from the "First World" -- wealthy capitalist countries, and the "Third World" -- poor countries)? **

I think this happened because people started to feel unfair as a worker although they get equally paid. Among people, there are some people who work really hard and get paid and there are some people who only pretends to work and get paid. So eventually, people becomes more lazy because they know that they are going to be paid anyway and feel unfair because some of them are paid the same amount of money while slacking off and do not do what they are suppose to do.
 * Why do you think this has happened?**


 * What do you think of the idea that the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world never materialized (see p. 270) because of the Union movement (the formation of trades unions who unite to demand better working conditions for workers) and reform laws (to improve conditions for workers, eg. safety requirements, limits on the length of the working day, minimum wages)?**


 * Photo essay**

I think the most important thing in this chapter is the child labor and the poor working conditions. There was no difference between child and adult, getting the same punishments, wages, and working hours although child are clearly different from adults, both as size and the level of their thoughts. And often the working condition made their health to get worse although they get less amount of wages that they do not have nough to buy plenty of food with. This passage is trying to say the superfluous amount of child labor. On page 70, number of girls are around the tale, sewing, and another men were handling other things. This shows that not only men, and women, but also the girls were hired as workers, even though two genders were not considered as equal, which can be known when men got higher wages than women got.


 * The Industrial Revolution, and the urbanization that accompanied it, have been described as a mixed blessing. To what extent to you agree with this statement?**

I disagree with the statement that industrial revolution and urbanization were accompanied, as a mixed blessing. Because, first of all, industrialization usually refers to massive increase in number of products and the urbanization is the growth of cities and people’s migration into them.

http://stellakoo.edu.glogster.com/glog-2973-4188/


 * I screen shot each parts and putted together because I had problems with saving and publishing (This is my forth time making the same poster :(..)**




 * I tried to upload the movie but it says the file is too big [[image:too_ig_file_.png width="570" height="358"]]**

Absolutism is a 15th century theory in Europe that states it is possible for monarchy to have absolute power over country.
 * 1) What is absolutism?**

Absolutism is also defined as the "divine right of kings" because people thought that the monarchs got the power directly from god, so their decisions became law.
 * 2) Explain the justification for absolutism referred to as the 'divine right of kings'.**

1. After the 14th century, people started to accept absolutism that it produced order and control. 2. The protestant reformation involved absolutism. 3. People needed someone who can lead and teach how to live in environment. 4. During the 15th century, wealth grew too much that people needed help to control. 5.Was very desperate for a strong leader.
 * 3) List the causes of the rise of Absolutism in Europe.**

The marriage that expanded Habsburg's loyal family. but it eventually disappeared in the Dutch Revolt, and the absolutism never was reborn, because his successors were to weak. Made because of revolt of aristocracy. King Louis XIV took the control and he followed the basic rule of marnarchy and whoever question or oppose him got punished. He made lots of achievements such as winning at war, having obedient followers and governing. The Tudor monarchs worked with the British Parliament to improve their lives of their countrymen. And when parliaments won from the struggles, they did not change because it is beneficial to them. The monarchism in Russia had overpowered the church; therefore, the church had a little influence in the politic. Its monarchism was originally there since long time ago, and the monarchies weren't bad too. They actually improved Russia generation by generation, by expanding the territory, making people's life better, and so on.
 * 4) Explain briefly how absolutism developed in : Spain, France, England, Russia**
 * Spain:**
 * France:**
 * England:**
 * Russia:**


 * Video Questions**
 * 1. Who was "the Bald Rat"?**

The Bald Rat was a peasant solider Toyotomi Hideyoshi who had a great desire to take over the world


 * 2. Where did Japan hope to build its empire?**

Japan hoped to build its empire in China.


 * 3. What stopped it from building its empire as planned?**

He wanted to take control over Korea and dominate China so Korea can function as a bridge, but Japan was defeated by the Korean boat calls "Turtle boat", which stopped the empire as planned.


 * 4. Why didn't they try again?**

They did not try again because Toyotomi Hideyoshi committed suicide after defeating, and the generals who returned back from the war was telling his wife and son to commit suicide like him and later they did, so his last hope was gone forever.


 * Source Analysis - APPARTS**


 * Edicts for 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan:**
 * Author:**Tokugawa Leyasu was born in 1542 to Matsudaira Hirotada. He was the new emerged leader in Japan, who would finish the work of unifying Japan after the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1598.


 * Place and Time:** It was written in 1635, Japan.


 * Prior Knowledge:** Europe was going through renaissance


 * Audience:** representatives managing the ports of Nagasaki.


 * Reason:** Tokugawa Leyasu wanted to be isolated from rest of the world after defeated from Korea.


 * The Main Idea:** The main idea was to close their door and isolate themselves from foreign.


 * Significance:** It transfer to give clear message about how strict the isolation was such a execution.


 * Qianlong:**
 * Author:** The author of this letter is Emperor Qianlong who was born in Hongli, September 25, 1711, and had power for about 60 years, until 1799, despite of his retirement.


 * Prior Knowledge:** During this period of the time, China closed all the relationship with others.


 * Audience:** King George III of England.


 * Reason:** This letter was written to King George III stating to King George III that he absolutely does not need to trade with other places than Guangzhou since Guangzhou provides all the goods that Europe needs.


 * The Main Idea:**The main idea was to ban the trade in Guangzhou and other parts of trading system.


 * Significance:** I think this shows Qianlong's perspective of the world which was isolation. He did not know how to deal with England and this surprised Britain.

21st/09/2011 I think this picture is showing a relationship between god and human. But I wonder wy he is naked and why everyone in the picture are so muscular? What is the green thing on the light bottom? What is the brainish thing that the fod is sitting on? Their fingers are about to touch others and this looks like they do not like each other but the god has to go back to sky?

Their eye contact is look so desirous and missing or sad I see... a naked man... I think... that this is a painting... I wonder... why he is naked...

6th/ September/2011 As you go through this guided reading, post your ideas about each image, and your answers to all questions, directly on you gallery page. Don't forget to date your post, and give this assignment a title.
 * 1421; The year China discovered the world questions**

Compare to Santa Maria, the China's Zheng He ship was about 28.8 times bigger. Since the size of the ship is so much different, the faster Zheng He could go. Also, I think it was so much more effective for ZhengHe ship because it had much more spaces to put treasures. In addition to this, I think Zheng He was much more powerful because it was carry large number of people and bigger guns.
 * Compare with the Santa Maria (Columbus' vessel), which was 150 ft long and a mere 20 ft wide.**


 * ChinaZhengHeShip1405vsSantaMaria500pxw.jpg**: In the book, it says 'Tens of thousand of carpenters, sailmakers and shipewrights from the southern provinces around the shipyards were put to work to build them' which explained how gigantic the ship was, but by looking at the picture, it was eaisier for me to compare than just reading their scales


 * europe_1400.jpg**: By looking at this European map, I noticed that European countries were more separated and there were lots of small countries unlike nowadays. The kingdom of Castile and France was the biggest countries at that time and others were much smaller than they were.


 * Identify where "the holy roman emperor, the Emperor of Byzantium (also called Constantinople), the Doge (ruler) of Venice, and the kings of England, France, Castille and Portugal" would have come from had they been invited to Beijing on 2 February 1421:** f


 * Territories_of_Dynasties_in_China.gif:** This pictures showed how China was constituted with such a small counties at the beginning. However as time passes, the countries started fights and combined to other countries and later it ended up with current China. I was surprised by the fact that China was much more larger than current China in 1294.


 * mapSilkRoad.gif:** This picture shows how long the silk road was and how it looked like.


 * European_city_populations**


 * Beijing_city_wall_map.jpg:** This pictures shows how the buildings and temples were located. I was surprised that there was a river flowing in inner city, guessing that it would had been used for farming or fishing; for their food source.

30th/August The two maps shows the power of Islamic world because the land they owned was huge and a land that country own shows the power of the country possess. The map also shows the location of Jerusalem which was considered as a holy place for Christianity, Judisim and Muslams and it was not only because of temples and churches, but also it was facing with the ocean, so I think it was also consider as a important port.

Stella, look how far Jerusalem is from the sea. Could it be a port? Is the location of Jerusalem one of the important ideas you think I want you to get from looking at these three maps together? Don't be distracted by details. 2/3

= = = = = = =**My Family Tree:**=


 * Written Primary Source:**
 * Description:** This is an announcement of marriage of MiJin Kim and JaKyun Koo. It says that 'they promised to each other in front of their families to be a wife and husband. This announces you that there was no problem with the marriage and it was successfully ended'.
 * Significance:** This shows the exact date of the marriage and since there is a signature on the bottom, it shows that it was not a fake announcement page and it is believable.


 * Unwritten Primary source:**
 * Description：**This is another primary source on marriage of MiJin Kim and JaKyun Koo. It is a photo which was taken on the day they were getting married, wearing wedding clothes and facing the camera with smiles on their faces. Even by looking at the picture, we can see that they were being happy and nervous at that time.
 * Significance:** This picture gives us a chance to think how they looked like at that time so that we can imagine more easily and vividly.

**Interview (secondary source):**
media type="file" key="World History Project.m4a" width="300" height="50"

Translation:

 * Stella:** How did you guys meet?
 * JaKyun Koo:** When I was working in a company, there was someone calls "HyeJin Kang' and she was the friend of your mom. Since she was in same team as I did, I asked her to introduce someone, and on the day I asked her to, I met your mom........(then he talks about something which is not related to my question)....... By the way, I haven't seen HyeJin Kang for 20 years.
 * Stella:** Why did you guys decided to marry?
 * MiJin Kim:**We met each other in a place calls 'richman' and we had good impressions to each other. We dated for one year and three months and I decided to marry your dad. Our wedding was placed in a place calls 'Young Bin', and now we are living happily after.
 * Stella:** Then, I want to know more about you and dad's marriage.
 * MiJin Kim:** We got married on 1993, March, 21th, had the best whether ever. Even it was in spring, it was warmer than chilly. In the early morning, we arrived in Myung Dong and prepared for wedding; put make ups on, took photographs (one of them is the picture right above the interview), and at 12:00, we started the wedding. One episode that stands out is when we forgot to prepare for a pianist. So what we heard was the wedding song from radio instead of piano. I still cannot forget the feeling when there was a song coming out from the radio. I still do not know why I forgot about it. Anyways, we got married and there were a lot of people who came for our wedding. I still think people still talk about our wedding because your dad had faced lots of changes and now we are living in a opposite life. So maybe that is the reason why it was so crowded in the wedding hall!


 * Description:** This is an interview with Ja Kyun Koo and Mi Jin Kim, talking about their marriage, such as how did they meet, when and where did they got married, and how was it like.
 * Significance:** This interview tells us more about their marriage which we couldn't find out just by looking at the primary source. Since they are the ones who experienced, the things they say is very reliable and useful source when I try to find more about their marriage.

[[image:Screen_shot_2011-08-23_at_11.37.41_PM.png width="565" height="327"]]

 * Description:** This letter is from Stella when she was 13 years old, celebrating their wedding anniversary. On the letter, it says ' Dear my parents. Mom, dad, congratulation about the 14th wedding anniversary. Be healthy and I will prepare better one for 15th anniversary. Bye! From Stella'.
 * Significance:** This shows that they are living well, living with daughters.

**Written story:**
Among lots of different significant events, I chose the marriage of MiJin Kim and JaKyun Koo. Because if they hadn't got married, Stella and Nancy couldn't have born. They had been dating for one year and three months and knew each other by their friend. They both had a good impressions to each other and that is why it led them decided to marry. So the marriage was taken in place in 1993, March, 21st, in a wedding hall calls 'YoungBin'. Since they invited all of their friends and families, there were too many people compare to the size of wedding hall. There are some people who are not keep in touch for now, but at that time MiJin and JaKyun said they always feel thank to people who came and celebrated them. JaKyun always tell us that few hours before the wedding, he was eating breakfast alone in MyungDong. They were not 100% fully prepared because he didn't even shave and there was no pianist to play the wedding songs. However their wedding ended successfully and after their wedding, the went to Guam for honeymoon. Until now, they are living with their two daughters and say always thank to that friend who introduced to each other.




 * Stella, Min, Danette**

Do NOT use people's surnames! I've removed them. The wiki is NOT private!

Stella, please use the blue bar button on the edit toolbar to draw a line between assignments. Give each assignment a title, and date your work.

Please fix the numbering problem.


 * Vocabulary**
 * **heretical** - A person who practices religious heresy.
 * **faggot** -The collection of sticks
 * **Eucharist** - A Christian ceremony celebrating the Last supper with bread and wine
 * **abstain** - Stop oneself from doing or enjoying something
 * **penance** - voluntary self-punishment inflicted as an outward expression of repentance for having done wrong
 * **beseeching** - ask someone urgently to do something.
 * **source** - which or where something can be obtained

In the article, Hogsflesh was had a bad day and had to convicted for heretical beliefs. The historian's main point of the article is that violence had been used in order to prevent a religion to be flourished eventhough lots of people believe and follow.
 * 1) **In section 1, //Heretical Beliefs//, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article?**

Not the main idea.

The defined roles of historian by John Arnold was reading records, reporting what they have found, and informing about the past to the world. I agree with John Arnold, but historians do more than what he said. They sometimes correct the history which was distorted by authorities at that time. They also explore other cultures or becomes archaeologist in order to find wider range or knowledge and evidence about the past that people didn't know about.
 * 1) **What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles**

Arnold identifies at least NINE roles. I like your ideas about other roles.

Historians always care about the information or records they gained. This is very important because if they are __stereo typical__ **stereotypical** on something, they might misunderstand the information.
 * 1) **What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references?**

"Treating sources with fidelity" is not the same thing as misunderstanding, or even having a bias. I'm not sure you've quite got it, though I think you're almost there.

We do not know whether history is distorted or not and it can be interpreted in different ways because the way we use sources are different. For example, Different historians adopted different roles each other. Detective finds out something by historical documents, whereas interpreter finds out what or how things mean different.
 * 1) **How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view. How these different histories vary depends on the roles that the historian adopts.**

Did you refer to an "event in your life"?

I think, although historians try to be objective and impartial, they automatically uses their ideas since they are human. Human tend to act critically, but inside their head, they cannot resist their own ideas and opinions which they make themselves partially objective, but not completely. For instance, I talked to my mom about her, trying to teach me math when I was 10 years old. However, I remember that incident as a torture, but for her, she remembered as something useful. When historians practice subjective history, there would be too much different opinions about a certain thing because everyone has a different perspective. However, the subjective history might help other historians to view things more widely.I think when certain event happen to me, the strong impressions or ideas helps me to remember better.
 * 1) **Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response.**
 * 1) **What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history?**

Okay. Since historians have a responsibility of telling wider audiences about the fact, it is necessary for them to tell vocally. However I do not belive we can trust historians completely because although some story elements are clear, sometimes it is not so I do think that they are telling the truth but I doubt whether it is 100% right because since historians have different roles, the story would change for different historians.
 * 1) **Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not?**

Historians don't tell the truth?! Oops, you've jumped to the wrong conclusion there! When I think of historian, I thought of people who study the past but never thought deep than that. However, after reading this article, I learn that historians not only study history but have other different roles such as storyteller or detective. I also learn that sometimes historians are wrong with what they say because of different perspectives. So by reading this, I am not going to 100% believe what is __on__ **in** the book, but try to find out is there any mistakes or other possible __interception__ **interpretation?** other than what is written on the textbook.
 * 1) **How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views?**

It's good to be a critical thinker, but that doesn't mean that historians are not to be trusted.

8/10