Jennifer's+World

Class 50

__Timeline__ Catherine Kim & Jennifer Choi

1979December - The Soviet Red Army started to support their communist government in Afghanistan 1998- US attacks by launching a missile which they suspected that the suspect Osama bin Laden had bombed one of the US embassies located in Africa. 2001October - This US-Led Bombing of Afghanistan causes them tensions between US on September 11. 2009 March- US president Barack Obama declares a new plan for Afghanistan and Pakistan. There will also be extra US soldier that will help and train Afghanistan army. 2011 October- Afghanistan and India sign a treaty to expand their cooperation for security.

Class 49 WWII Exam media type="youtube" key="XashiDGVdRo" height="315" width="420"

Class 48 Read pp. 13-19 in //The Cold War// and on your gallery page answer questions A, B and C on p. A. Look at the photographs opposite. 1. Describe in your own words what happened to this house. This four set of photograph shows the power of the nuclear test-explosion. Even though the house was 5 km away, the house is completely blown away and then the shock wave increases by 300 km-per hour. 2. Use your imagination to describe what would happen if a whole town was hit by an explosion like this. If a whole town was hit by an explosion, not only the houses, but also the civilians won't be able to survive. There will be a great damage. The houses will all be blown away and people who might be hiding underneath their home shelter will also not be able to survive.

B. Look at the photograph above. 1. Why do you think these people wanted the government to 'ban the bomb'? In the beginning where government started to create nuclear bombs, people were very supportive but, as the power of the nuclear bomb started to be announced, people noticed the fear of the bombs. They were shocked by the power of these bomb and that if there were a nuclear war, none of the people won't be able to survive. 2. The picture shows that men and woman, young and old, wanted to 'ban the bomb'. Why do you think there were such a wide range to people in CND? I think there were such a wide range to people in CND because they are all civilians. All of them are humans and are powerless in front of this enormous weapon. Therefore, they all need to come together and protest.

C. Look back to chapter 7 on pages 16-17. What arguments were there against banning nuclear weapons? There are few arguments in Chapter 7 that are against banning nuclear weapons. For example, when Truman had retired, Kennedy has claimed about the missile gap and how he will change this. This caused the people to got for him and vote him. This actions is against banning but actually supporting the production of these bombs.

Read pp 530-537 (online or new edition) or pp 475-481 (old hard copy edition). Make a chart noting the goals of establishing each of the following: the United Nations, The Marshall Plan, the Warsaw Pact.

-composed of 48 countries. -There were a Security Council formed with 11 member whose role is to settle conflicts and create various solutions. ||< -building on to the Truman Doctrine(support those countries who are anti-Communism), it provided $12.5 billion to help the countries in Western Europe to recover. -On 1947, this Marshall plan was announced and it stimulated USSR. ||< -After Americans and the Western Europe formed a defensive military alliance called NATO, USSR and Eastern countries also created an alliance called the Warsaw Pact on 1955. -The world was divided into two allies again. ||
 * < United Nations ||< Marshall Plan ||< Warsaw Pact ||
 * < -to protect the countries/members against agression (violent behavior).

Look at each of the following and decide which was the most significant historical event. Explain your decision in a paragraph on your gallery page. With in the four different events, mood landing was the most significant historical event. Other events are also very important however it is concentrated on specific countries. The Berlin wall and the moment when the Berlin wall may only be significant for the Germans and few others. Also the space racing was like more of race between America and USSR. The Moon landing was also a competition with both of the two country however, it was a universal issue. The Fact that a human had landed on the moon was very significant than the rotating about the moon. It gave people how much humans can possibly reach and also showed the great advance in technology and science.

5 Underlying causes of the Cold War -US's fear of Russian Expansion especially by 1936, when the territory of USSR and US were almost similar -History of mistrust between US and USSR. -USSR's agreement with Nazi, Hitler, during the beginning of the World War II -Conflict of opposing views of how government should be ran. (With Communism and Capitalism) -Continuation of the tension after and during the Yalta Agreement

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Class 47 5/16/12


 * Venn diagram finished in my notebook.

__Do you think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes? Explain your thinking.__

I think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leader for war crimes. First of all, it is impossible to find all the other people who had participated with the Nazi and Japanese generals. There is a high possibility that were as bad as the main leader during the World War II but there are too much to find every single one of them and punish. In addition, Nazi and Japan happen to produce the most crime and murder. Especially, Germans had tried to eliminate the whole Jew population in Europe. The anti-semitism has caused several millions Jew to be tortured and to be burned. Also Germany had the one of the worst camps, the holocaust. Japan abused the people in the pacific and used very dangerous method such as the suicide plane. Japan had attacked the innocent pacific islands. Japan and Germany had attacked others for their own selfishness. Other countries fought for their independence from these countries or either to protect those who are too weak to defend themselves. Since Japan and Germany created the World War II in two different sites, they should get punished. Moreover, the Nazi and Japanese leaders should only get punished because civilians had nothing to do with their war plans. They were just brought in to the war by propagandas. Also Japan and Germany's government was both military-based and a dictatorship. This means the leaders did whatever they want with the army. Therefore this proves that citizens were nothing related to the war attacks. Nazi and the Japanese generals are the only one who deserves to pay for the war crimes.

Venn diagram turned in hard copy. 10/10

Class 46

__Twin Survivor__ I was just shocked about the fact that 6 year old little girls had to go through these dangerous and filthy camps. The fact that they went through experiment to prevent giving birth was depressing. O ne of the twin stated her happiest moment was when is had a twin. This one sentence touched my heart deeply.

__Two Brother Survival__ First of all, I can't believe the Nazi's barbaric action beating a child until they passes away. I realized that Nazi not only physically tortured them but also destroyed their feelings. Their feelings were like an iceberg. This fact was disappointing me and makes me feel pity for them.

__Mordechai Elder's Story__ The most upsetting information I heard was that he had to wear cloths from the dead ones to become warm. Also that getting little bowl of water and a crust of bread to survive from cold and death was depressing. I felt very sorry for Elder.

__Zanne Farbstein's Story__ It is unbelievable that the crematory had ran in the day and night, twice a day. There were a lot of Jews to be burned alive and I felt sorry for the 3sisters who had to view the fellows struggling in live in the crematory. I would have been just a tragic experience.

__Yaakov Hollander's Story__ As a ten year old boy, he traveled multiple camps. My heart was broken when he said he couldn't share the cake with his brother who was sick. I can imagine how much the little boy must have went through with an pure mind. But I was glad when he was able to adapt himself by joining the choir and composing.

__Sophie Engelsman's Story__ I would never understand the transfer between camps because the camp is in need of killing people. Also the news that no one had survived must have given a shock to Sophie. But I was glad that she was able to be a midwife and fulfill the rest of her life. I was very happy to hear that later she had about 21 grandchildren

__Eva Brown's Story__ I was surprised how they weren't allowed to be released after the war had ended. I was once again depressed by her family loss. Also the fact the numbers on her arms are not erasable was very poignant. When the number to written, you have lost your identity. This fact had imagine me what would it feel like without an identity. Later, her success was clearly made me feel relieved.

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Class 45

Cost of World War II: Allies and Axis 1. Drawing conclusions Which of the nations listed in the chart suffered the greatest human costs? The table includes United States, Great Britain, France, USSR, Germany and Japan. Within these main countries who fought in the World War II, USSR had the greatest civilians killed. Compared to Germany, who the second most civilians killed, USSR had a very big gap about 5 million. 2. Comparing How does U.S. spending on the war compare with the spending of Germany and Japan? US had the greatest war cost spend. They spent about 288 billion dollars meanwhile Japan spent 41.3 billions dollars. Germany who spent the second highest used 212.3 billion dollars. Compare to America's late entrance, America had spent a lot of their moneys and compared to Japan fighting the whole war, they haven't used a great amount of money. Germany and Japan's combined money usage is less than America which tell us that even though America had entered the war late, they contributed a lot to the war.

Military Casualties, World War I and World War II 1. What factors may have contributed to the increased number of deaths in World War II over World War I? The number of death had excessively increased in World War II than World War I. Even thought both war was a bloody war, World War II included unspeakably dangerous weapons. During the War, Americans used the atomic bomb which had the power to blew up a whole city. In addition, bombs dropped from the air forces was unpredictable. Even though there were radars, those technicians weren't that properly educated enough. These bombs had killed millions of people at one. Not only soldiers died from the intense fight, but civilian died from the bombings. Moreover, Germans had killed an abundance of Jews because of their idea of anti-Semitism, the hatred of Jews.

Civilian Cost 1. Under what conditions did the Polish refugees flee from the Germans? A polish nobleman stated that there were old mans with only his stick and other who got separated from their 14 and 6 year old sons and daughters. While the Polish refugees were fleeing the condition was negative. People couldn't bring all their properties but was just busy to flee. They needed to live first. Also there were a lot of people which caused the families to split and be separated. 2. Judging from the photograph, what was the government's attitude toward Japanese Americans? Judging from the photograph, I can realize that Americans were being watched by the soldiers. They were to stand in a line to get on the train while the soldiers were guarding them. They weren't treated on like normal Americans.

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Class 44 5/8/12 I posted the finished guided reading on class 45 How is the same history conveyed so differently in these two videos? Which do you think is more "true": the Hollywood dramatization or the documentary? The same history convey very differently in these two videos. They both include the historical settings and backgrounds however their purpose it very different. The Hollywood dramatization's main purpose is emotion. They want the audience to interact with the film by their feelings. Pity, sorrowful, painful. They want us to feel like we are in the scene by providing multiple mixed feeling that might not exist in documentary videos. For example, it includes multiple scenes are severe casualties and the bloody ocean. There are gun shoots everywhere and sand flying around after the bombings. On the other hand, the documentary's main purpose is to inform us with the actual historical statistics. The companies making these documentary hopes the viewers become together by the logics. Those provide specific and accurate informations such as dates. I think documentary is more "true". The Hollywood dramatization might also include details from a specific history events however, it is much more exaggerated especially because these clips are made to interest the audience to watch. So they included various scenes with the most horrific possible consequences. Documentary is made for ,mostly, educational reasons. Therefor most include accurate information with the least amount of bias.

Class 43 5/7/12 Fairness or Unfairness of Japanese internment

After the Pearl Harbor incident, Japanese-Americans had a very had life. Some esay, who are the first generation of America, living in Japan were instantly were in orders. Japanese-American citizens were ordered to be immediately to come to the states. To them, it was a surprise and they didn't know what was happening. They were getting set to Japanese internment. These innocent citizens didn't know what was happening and just had to follow the government. The president's decision of Japanese internment was unfair toward those people. First of all, Japanese-American citizens living in Japan didn't really have an idea until the incidence occurred and also they weren't participating in those barbaric actions. It was their government which was the military. The citizens had no power to control what military decides to do. In addition, young children such as Jeanne Wakatsuki who was seven years old was sent to Manzanar for an internment camp in California. Young kids didn't do any harm to America and therefore they shouldn't be in the internment camp doing labors. I think those actions were very unfair. During her memoir, she doesn't even understand what is happening; she seems more of confused. This poor little innocent angels doesn't know anything and is captured in a small assigned area. If they really wanted to torture the Japanese, they should have attacked the military not the people who has a proper family. Kenji was separated from his family and when he arrived, they weren't in a much great condition. Moreover, I can notice that American view of Japanese got even worse. They were abusing the Japanese because they were asian. This isn't fair. Racism shouldn't be existing. Therefore, I conclude that it was an unfair action to put innocent Japanese-Americans in to internment camps.

1. Wartime propaganda [|cartoon by Walt Disney]. As you watch, record your answers to the following... 1) What wartime images do you recognize from your study of the war? In the cartoon, I recognized a lot of materials with the Nazi symbol. People were wearing uniforms with the symbol. Symbol even drawn on to the different instruments. I also saw the Mein Kampf, Hitler's animated face and also a Japanese person. I was able to realize that Donald duck raised his arms to express his respect to Hitler everything he saw the picture of Hitler. 2) What are some of the messages of this cartoon? I think the message of this cartoon is that Nazism is very bad and America is the best place. America with the statue of liberty and freedom is a great place. 3) Why do you think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war? I think the companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war to inform clearly to the children who are watching to learn that Nazi is bad and America is good. They want to make sure non of the Americans are willing to participate in the Nazi-idea. Also I think because it was during the war, maybe the companies want to make the children feel proud and love of their country and causing a strong nationalism.

2. Political Cartoon for the home front 1)What is in the cartoon? Explain the symbolism you see. This cartoon takes place in the factory and I see Uncle Sam is putting used papers in to the paper cessing machine for the packagings. Also by the label, Christmas Packages for 1944, I can indicate that the winter is soon going to approach and it is during the World War Two. 2) What is the intended message of the cartoon? I think the intended message of the cartoon is U.S.A. Salvage Program. By this program, US is trying to rescue their country. There are lack of resources and America is reusing the papers to produce boxes for the packagings. I think the cartoon is trying to tell us that this process was a very valuable action. It helped the Americans but also the environment.

3. Life on the Home front in Britain exploration... Go to [|this site] and click on each topic area to learn about life in Britain during the war. For each of the following topics, write down 3 significant pieces of information. You may do this on your gallery page, or as a hard copy.

Children at War -Over 3,500,000 children and others were sent off to 'safe places' to prevent themselves from the German bombing raids. -A lot of children didn't know what was happening and was just excited about the fact they were heading somewhere as if they were going to a field trip. -However, some children decided to stay at home and realized their home was the best place.

Rationing -Each family had to register with a shop and that was the only store that they were able to purchase anything. -Children and adults were given 48 coupons per year and coupons let them buy products such as clothings. -Food Rationing came strong in January 1940 and rationing later extended to domestic products.

Woman in the War -Woman were a very big part of the production of supplies throughout the war. Women were to work in the various factories such as tank factories. -Some of the women joined the Women's Voluntary Service (WVS) which had different tasks such as helping evacuees, nursing, driving ambulances. -Another actions that women were able to participate was to join the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS). They filled the sandbags. and worked as electricians and carpenters. They also worked as a radar operators which was very important during the World War Two.

Messages of War -There were various propaganda posters;some encouraged the women to join the factories. -I was able to notice a poster that says waste helps the enemy. Not only people were trying to new produce more things but rationing but also conserving materials and reusing them. -There are also a lot of criticizing poster such as in one poster, Hitler is referred as the maneater with skulls around him.

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Class 42

I finished the textbook reading and finished number one in Part A of the guided reading.


Short Description of the Perspective presented in the Political Cartoons 1. This particular political cartoon shows Japan and China's manly fight and the powerless League of Nations. League of Nations are sending America (Sam) to stop the conflict. Also they view the fight between Japan and China was a little fight. They really doesn't seem so enthusiastic to stop them. Japanese expansion wasn't viewed seriously.

2. In this political cartoon, feeble asian are holding up the 'Anglo-Saxon Imperialism'. We can notice a European person and Uncle Sam is lifted up by the asians. Japanese are trying to produce an idea that asians are strong enough to be independent. Japanese think that European stereotype should be fixed and it is Japan's time to flip the Europe.

3.This drawing shows that Japan is grasping the League of Nations document. This shows Japanese determination of disobedience and that Japan will be advancing. It shows their clear decision to expand themselves. Especially the smoke coming out from the document represent that League of Nations are not going to a barrier in their approach to their expansion.

4.The last cartoon expresses the battle of the Coral Sea. The war occurred that happened during Japanese path to invade New Guinea. The kangaroos represent the Australian force. The little soldier in the kangaroo's pouch is the American force. Australian force is builded up with the American soldiers and are not afraid to fight the Japanese. They are not going to let Japanese to continue their expansion.

1) Why did Japan attack the United States of America? Provide evidence from the source below in your answer. Looking through the history, US decided to take some actions that might have upset Japanese but also decision that angered Japanese. When Japan was in a conflict, US always intruded them negatively. United States didn't really look up to Japanese argument. During the Mukden Incident at 1931, US refused to recognize Manchuria as a independent land. In addition during Japan's invasion of China at 1937, US's opinion was against the Japanese. Also supported China's Nationalist government over Japan.United States also prevented Japan from their freedom. During Japan's expansion in North China at 1932 to 1937, US refused to ship way equipment. Also while Japan's occupation of Indochina at 1940, US expanded their army and started to send soldier to fight for China. Not only they supported the opposing side, but also they embargo oil, steel, trade and scrap against Japan. US destroyed all the Japanese valuable materials. Therefore, Japanese attacked US as a revenge and to show them their negative feeling toward America.
 * Answer the following question:**

2. Briefly summarise the key events of the attack (before, during and after) In the early 1941, Japan had 2 plan. It was the Japan expansion and the development of plans to attack America. Even though Americans were able to decode Japanese plan to expand, they didn't realized until their plan of attacking them. December 7, 1941, Japanese force landed 275 miles away from Hawaii with 51 dive bombs, 40 bombers. America had razors but technicians were not well trained; they weren't able to determine the size of the force. American though it was their flight B-17 was arriving. Americans didn't respond until the bomb hit 4 battleship in a short amount of time. December 7, 1941, President Roosevelt announced that Japanese air force had bombed the US naval base located in the Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. December 8, 1941, Americans were outraged and US congress declared a war on Japan and enter the WorldWar Two.

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==

__**Battle of Britain**__
Questions (post answers on your gallery page): 1) What was Operation Sea Lion? Operation Sea Lion was the invasion of Britain 2) Why did the battle not look good for Britain? During the period, British army was forced out of europe and leaving most of there military supplies behind. 3) What advantage did Britain have? However, Britain strong determination, nationalism, most countries support and most importantly, rador. 4) What was Germany's mistake? In the late August 1940, Germany's royal air force (RAF) bombed Berlin which only had a minority impact. 5) What was the impact of the bombing of London? How did the bombing of London aid Britain's cause? The bombing of London caused the factories and shelter to be destroyed and severe fire to be light up after the bombing. However, their air force production and tactics had increased a lot 6) Why was the outcome of the battle of Britain significant for the Allies? The outcome of the battle of Britain started to change the Allies thoughts that there is hope. Germany can be defeated and the Allies started to build and get ready for anther round with Germany.

Read the newspaper below about the Battle of Britain, and watch the two videos, then write a short paragraph that explains why the British were able to hold off the German invasion when they were militarily weaker. Use evidence to support your ideas. Post your work on your gallery page

The Battle of Britain was unfair battle for Britain. British militaries weren't sorted yet, their weapons weren't even getting effectively producing. However British was able to resist the Nazi's power. First of all, they started to create propagandas to bring in soldiers to the civil defense. According to the article, __The Home Front Army__, it claims that by volunteering for the National civil defense, they can earn money. Not only campaigns like such but in another article __Working Together__, they tried to bring in more young boys to check the military equipment. Secondly, they create a lot of opportunities for woman's to participate in the war. The Article __The Home Front Army__ portrays various chances where woman's can participate in the war and supporting the ones who are actually fighting. In addition, Britain had a secret weapon stated at __Our Secret Weapon__. This weapon is called radar and radar helps to detect the aircraft and it's distance, speed. By obtaining radar, there are more jobs. People informing the soldiers up in the air became a very important job. This caused them to control the sky. The article __Controlling the Skies__ states that constant communication will cause the actions to go smoother. Therefore, even thought Britain had a lot of disadvantages however their determination, cooperation and nationalism has led them a history.

Notes on podcast? 8/10

Section 1 Assessment Out of the three events listed, I think the first event, the first blitzkrieg is the turning point for the Allies. Not only the first lighting war has taken place in Poland even after they had an agreement with America, France, and Britain but also was a new military strategy. This style of attack and the successfulness had surprised the other countries. Viewing Germany gaining numerous territories by blitzkrieg was a spark to the other european countries. This first war caused the other allies notice the Germany's obsession for more territories.
 * 1) 2) Which of the listed events might be considered a turning point for the Allies? Why?

Napoleon's invasion of Russia and Hitler's invasion of the USSR were similar. First of all, the both leaders decided fight during the cold winter without proper equipment for the soldiers. In addition, both leaders uses similar military strategy of just pushing against the Soviet Union and USSR reacted the same way by burning all the resources so that the enemies can't gain any materials. Napoleon might have never had an experience in fighting in USSR during the winter, however, Hitler's action of ignoring Napoleon's failure was a very big mistake. Hitler shouldn't have repeat the history.
 * 1) 8) How were Napoleon's invasion of Russia and Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union similar?

When the computer underlines something in red, it means there's an error that needs to be corrected. Can you see these in your #2 answer? 10/10

4/25/12 Notes pages 22~25

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media type="youtube" key="E3XL8884Hak" height="315" width="420"
 * Oral Quiz-Fascism**


 * Oral Quiz-Great Depression**

=media type="youtube" key="IXcgIJAptz4" height="315" width="420"=

= Great Depression = Station 1) Hard-copy

Station 2) // New York Times // __Unexpected Crash!__ October 29th 1929 Thesis: The Crash in NewYork Stock Exchange finally hit the emergency door. -NewYork Stock Exchange had a major crash today, Black Tuesday. -Millions tried to sell their stocks and total 16 million stocks were sold. -This Crash caused the people to panic and head to the major banks. However, bank was also struggling in providing money.

//International Herald// //Tribune// __Starvation! Death! Everlasting moments__ Thesis: Situation started to get devastating every moment, eventually causing diseases and deaths. -One of the largest pea camps in California has failed to produce enough food. -Drought hit the farmers in shock. Lands started to crack up, nutrients excessively decreased. -Failure of farms severely increased unemployment causing tremendous hobos throughout the states.

Station 3) Notes taken

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= Oral Quiz- World War Two on 1931 = media type="youtube" key="3WoAMs0aalg" height="315" width="420"

= THE CHINESE REVOLUTION and JAPANESE IMPERIALISM = Station One) Q: How did the Treaty of Versailles add to China's problem? China had several problems such as unequal political and economic rights and several foreign control of China. However after the Great War, the Treaty of Versailles provided land for the Japanese which used to be a land in China. This angered the Chinese however, the Treaty of Versailles didn't listen to them. Chinese became furious about their governments. This caused the Chinese to have a May Fourth Movement by few thousand people. This was the first step of a revolution.

Station Two) **Japanese Expansion** Japan was a long isolated country. However, on 1853, with the entrance of American’s weapons such as steamships and canons affect the Japan to Industrialize. This industrialization was the spark of the Japanese growth and expansion.  **Japan’s Entrance in the World**  As Japan started to industrialize, their economy had boosted up and almost balanced the world’s economy. Japan used ideas from Germany, Britain and The United States to build their education and armies. Japan built factories and railroad. Japan was on their golden age, however they wanted more. On 1904, Japan fought Russia who was fighting with China to gain Manchuria. Japan has defeated Russia and this shocked the Europeans. In addition, by 1910, Japan has attacked Korea, which was under controlled by China. Japan became brutal after the several wars and destroyed Korean culture. Japan abolished all Korean newspaper and Korean book only letting the schools to teach Japanese language and history. Some koreans were forced to be sent on farms and factories. About 4,000,000 koreans and Chinese were send away from their homes and sent to factories which produced Japanese equipment. This caused Japanese’s mass production and koreans started to form nationalist movements. {Picture of Koreans’ forced labor}: The condition around factories wasn’t well circulating and was harsh. They had to work straight hours in the stuffy factories which no one clean it. **Invasion of Manchuria** Japan had to live throughout Great War suppling the European countries. This eventually cause them to be invited to the Versailles. In the Versailles, the determined the fair punishment to the central powers: Germany, Ottoman empire, Serbia and Bulgaria. The Treaty of Versailles provided Japan a land from China and that began another starting point of Japan. In 1937, Japan attacked Manchuria. This incident caused Japan a very negative view. The League of Nations thought it wasn’t a justifiable action especially after Great War. {Picture of Japan’s territory in 1853 and 1937} WIth industrialization, Japan was caused a big change. There enormous territory had changed the view of Japan. **Japanese Justification** Japanese were not ashamed but very proud of their actions. They provided three supporting claims why it was a justifiable action. Japan was a small country with a large population. The large population required emigration however, the European countries didn’t accept asians. Even if Japan might have settled in a European country, they were required to life by getting treated differently. In addition, Japanese government claimed that they weren’t able to participate in world markets and trades. Japan had to find another to way to support their economy. Lastly, they need to expand territories. Japan needed to find a land for their overflowing citizens and to be free from racism. Japan also supported by stating that their actions’ toward Manchuria wasn’t brutal but required. Using violent machineries are required in fight a war. Also Japan shared that other European countries had used much more dangerous weapon when they scrimmaged in Africa. {Chart of machineries used during Scrimmage of Africa and invasion of Manchuria} Weapon used in both fights were both severe and balance. This claims that no other country should blame others for such a bloody fight. **False Justifications** Japan was right in several justification however they can’t blame the Europeans for not being included in the global market. Japan was the first one to isolate themselves from the others. Japanese are not revealing the fact that during the period they were in isolation. So does this mean Japan’s invasion was not justifiable?

Station Three) Q: Was Mao a better or worse national leader than Stalin? Mao and Stalin was both a horrible leader. They dominated the citizens by overusing their powers and using violence such as murder and torture. Both sent millions of their citizens to labor camps and both countries had to live through a harsh famine. Sometime Mao was worse than Stalin by stating quotes such as death is a sacrifice because it make the soil fertilized. However, Stalin was a worse national leader than Mao. Each rulers had different style however in the video, it claimed that Mao was helped by Stalin. Stalin supported Mao to success. Stalin helping a country to live through torture like Russia was the worst action that he could have every done. By supplying products, he has just killed.

VERY WELL DONE! 10/10

media type="youtube" key="HZIJ6Zxp2GM" height="315" width="420"
 * Oral Quiz-Russia Revolution**

April 5, 2012 Station One Q: Why did Russia had a revolution in 1917? During the late 1800s and the early 1900s, Russia’s government was a monarch ruled by the czar. However these czar in each generation has failed to control the people. In 1894, new czar Nicholas II aimed for a strong rule. He tried to produce a rapid industry growth. However this lead the conditions in the factories to decline, wages started to decrease and child labor increased. In addition, as soon as next hair rose up in throne, Russia had entered the World War One. The citizens had to go through severe famine and started to rebel for the food, land and to end the war. These eventually led to a revolution in 1917.
 * Russian Revolution (Overview)**

Station Two Q: Explain whether Stalin was a good guy or a bad guy, and why? media type="file" key="Jennifer Choi-A Block-Russia Revolution Stalin.mp3" width="240" height="20"

Station Three http://www.internationalposter.com/poster-details.aspx?id=RUL07096 My wiki won't let me upload a picture so instead I put the direct link to the propaganda that I chose. Sorry :( 1. What is the message that this poster is trying to get out to the Russian people? Russian people is trying to express the unfairness of the rich and the peasants. The propaganda is expressing how peasants are underneath the nobles and carrying them around. This propaganda is created to explain while the peasant are in labor, the rich are just enjoying the view and the scene.  2. Do you find this piece of propaganda to be compelling? Why or why not?  I really think this piece of propaganda is compelling. It is very clear to understand the unfairness but it also stimulates me. It causes me to shout for the rights of the peasant and to change the unbalanced social classes. This specific poster shows how the peasant are whipped an torture to move and I think these barbaric scenes like the whip cause the people to be compelling for fairness.

April 3, 2012 Q#2 Evaluating decision How did the Treaty of Versailles reflect the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I? The Treaty of Versailles reflected different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I. Different countries wanted at least one things from Germany. For example, Japan and Italy wanted lands from the German territory. This shows that Japan and Italy has joined the allies power side noticing the victory of the Allies. Japan and Italy doesn’t care about other but only for their benefit like others. However, when they were given the land they remained happy and peaceful. Most countries were like Japan such as Britain who got some money from Germany but that was it. They were all greedy and only thinking of your own country especially France. France not only just got money, but also started to require a lot of beneficial requirements for themselves. They required more and more until they can built up as the greatest and until Germany is destroyed. All of the Countries had reasons to fight until the end of the war and were greedy. Even including the United States, they were gluttonous. Except for the American president, Woodrow Wilson. He claimed ideas for the whole world and didn’t get any profit from the Treaty of Versailles. WIth different countries, it is possible to see that there is different individuals who’s opinion is not supported from their country just because there won’t be any benefits. All of the countries are just busy getting their profit from losing soldiers life but not caring about the future.
 * A Flawed Peace**

Group Discussion: Trench Warfare http://todaysmeet.com/Trench_Warfare Jennifer, Jack, Jae Hyun Park

2/23/12 Why might Serbia have staked a claim to Bosnia and Herzegovina? Why might Russia have been interested in helping further that claim? Why would Germany and Austria-Hungary have resisted any moves for Bosnian (used to mean Bosnia and Herzegovina) secession from Austria-Hungary?
 * Map Exercise **

Serbia have staked a claim to Bosnia and Herzegovina because Serbia wanted to absorb all the Slavs population. Bosnia and Herzegovina had a lot of Slavs and also Serbia will gain more land. When they gain Bosnia and Herzegovina, they get even closer to their allied countries and decrease the central power's land. Also gaining land will also help Serbia to gain more power. Russia might have been interested in helping further that claim because Russia can also be closer to the allied powers. Also Russia and Serbia is helping each other. If the other gains more power, then they should support that and gain hope of winning the war. Also if the allied powers are close to Russia, it is easier for the allied powers to help Russia out with supplies especially because Russia hasn't got industrialized yet. Germany and Austria-Hungary have resisted Serbia from annexing Bosnia and Herzegovina because their territory will decrease and eventually power will also decrease. Also this might cause dispute within the countries causing these internal conflict in to instability.

10/10

2/16/12
 * Nationalism **
 * Nationalism ** has positive and negative implications (e.g. extremely strong nationalistic feelings sometimes lead a group to turn against outsiders). Using the table below, record the positive and negative impacts of Nationalism. Use page 254 of the textbook to help you.

// Positive and Negative Impacts of Nationalism // -possible to overthrow colonial rule -democratic governments through the world -competition within nations engender scientific, technological advance. || -forced assimilation toward the minority cultures into majority culture -ethnic cleaning: Bosnia & Herzegovina -rise of extreme nationalistic movements (Nazism ) -competition between nation -> warfare || Do you think nationalism has had a more positive or negative impact on the world? Support your opinion with evidence. Nationalism has had a more positive impacts on the world. Nationalism is a patriotic feelings toward their own country. This idea has arose during the 1800s and nationalistic caused a major change in the history. Nationalism caused people to unite together. Different cultures and ethnic group came together to form a nationalistic group. For example, Hindus and Muslim came together to achieve their good of gaining their religious rights back and later getting freedom. These ideas caused people not only to reunite but also to gain independence and form their own government. As Hindu and Muslim interacted for their rights and freedom, they eventually gained independence. This overthrow of colonial rule cause India to be independent meaning that they had to start everything from the beginning. They had to make democratic governments with a fair law system that didn't interfere with individual rights. Lastly, as nations announced their independence, competition arose within them. This cause nations to develop their science and technology. These advance still benefit people in the 21st century. Therefore, I think nationalism left more positive effects on the world.
 * Positive Results || Negative Results ||
 * -people with different cultures can uniform to achieve a good

__ **Types of Nationalist Movements** __

We have looked at the rise of Nationalism and the positive and negative impacts that it has had on the modern world. Now, we are going to investigate the effects of nationalism on a region. The rise of nationalism tends to either unify or separate people.

1. Using the table above, explain the characteristics of each type of Nationalistic movement in your own words. Unification= is an nationalistic movement which union is politically different however similar in culture. Separation= is a situation when two distinct ethnic groups rejects to merge themselves but rather tries to break away from each other State-building= is a type of nationalistic movement where two discrete cultural group unites and forms a new state accepting one culture.

2. What do you think would have happened to the empires (e.g. Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire) during the rise of nationalism? As small colonies started to adopt the ideas of nationalism, the countries controlled by empires like the Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire must have asken within themselves about nationalism. Viewing the small colonies overthrowing their colonial power, the countires under in control must have decided to do the same action. They probably thought that if the small countries did it why can't they do it. So I think empires like Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire was destroyed after the rebellion of each individual countries they used to dominate.

__ **CASE STUDY: Italy** __ Connect to online textbook- pg 260 As we read about the unification of Italy, think about the role that nationalism plays in building a nation.

As I read, I noticed nationalism can form territories. Also, I realized that alliance within nations, skilled and experienced leadership is a very important role that is played in nationalism. In the text, Count Camillo di Cavour was listed as a powerful leader who is asked to unit different parts of lands. Also Garibaldi was a skillful leader and a soldier. It claimed that the followers were wearing red t-shirt which expresses unity.

__ Key Skill: Analyzing Political Cartoons __ "Right Leg in the Boot at Last" (p.261) 1. // Clarifying // What symbol does the cartoonist use for the soon-to-be nation of Italy? The c artoonist use a boot to symbolize the soon-to-be nation of Italy. 2. // Making Inferences // How is Garibaldi portrayed? Garibaldi is portrayed as a supporter but a person who sacrifices for other's advantage. In the political cartoon, he is helping King of Sardinia to put 'Italy' boots on. 3. // Analyzing Bias // What does the title of the cartoon say about the cartoonist’s view of Italian unification? The title includes bias because the word last portrays that Italy finally found their owner and ruler.

__ Case Study: Germany __ 1) Create a flow chart that the key events that led the unification of Germany. 2) Looking at the map on page 263, answer the two geography skillbuilder questions. Geography Skillbuilder: Interpreting Maps 1. Location: What was unusual about the territory of Persia as it existed in 1865? Their controlling areas are not connected. The west, east Persia is separated from Westphalia. 2. Movement: After 1865, what year saw the biggest expansion of Prussian territory? After 1865, 1871 saw the biggest expansion of Prussian territory. 3) Design a national symbol for the newly formed Germany. Include symbols that best represent the spirit or values of the German people at this time. Write a short paragraph explaining your symbol and its significance. I designed a new national symbol for the newly formed Germany. I placed a black eagle in the middle of the German flag to represent the people. Also I placed a sword beneath the black eagle. I wanted to represent Bismarck's word of "by blood and iron" with the sword. I also placed two raised fist, one black and red. The raised fist represents unity and solidarity. I placed one red fist to also portray the blood and effort to achieve their goals, independence.

20/20

Terms & Names 1. sepoys Sepoys were Indian soldiers who are angry toward their British rulers. They formed the Sepoy mutiny to gain their religious rights and customs.
 * Case Study **

2. Sepoy Mutiny The Sepoy Mutiny was a revolution of sepoys who are arguing for their religious customs. This was a turning point in India which cause Britain to directly control India. This was also first nationalistic movements. Even though their demands weren’t approved, people’s attention toward nationalism increased.

3. Congress Party The congress party is formed as the idea of nationalism and movements rose. Congress party is formed with Indian which had a little power however as time passed, they became strong enough to overpower the Britain’s power.

4. Mohandas K. Ghandi Ghandi, also called as the great soul, spread the nationalistic ideas to the normal people of India. He believed in non-violence and thought that in order to protest, you need to simply refuse to follow and obey to the laws.

5. Muhammad Ali Jinnah Ali Jinnah is a Muslim who believed it is best to work with Hindus for India’s nationalization. He worked for the congress party and tried to unify Hindu and Muslim.

Main Ideas 1. What were four factors that contributed to Britain's conquest of India? Four factors that contributed to Britain's conquest of India. Britain’s high technology such as military equipment were much effective than the Indian military’s weapon. Also during the time period, there were a lot of internal conflicts within India; there were power struggle between different kingdoms. Unlike India, Britain attached with plan and organization, Lastly, Britain brought political stability, with a well-working government which had law system.

2. What was the cause of the Sepoy Mutiny and what was its main result? Sepoy mutiny was caused by the sepoy who thought their religious customs are getting infuriated by the British soldiers. This revolt caused Britain to concentrate on India. They started to directly control them. However this generate people to think about nationalism.

3. Which groups and ideas promoted the Indian independence? The educated Indians promoted the Indian independence because they were the one who were noticing everything. They noticed that no matter what even the educated Indians were second class citizen and wages had different from Britons. Also the profit always went straight to banks in Britain.

4. What were the four general principles of Ghandi's philosophy? The Ghandi’s philosophy of action included four principals. It claimed to live simply, stay away from material reward. Also be openminded with the other religion, devote in one’s dream and life. The last one is to never cause violence.

5. What role did Jinnah play in the partition of India? Jinnah was the leader of Muslim League and he tried very hard to improve the gaps between the Muslim and the Hindus. However his actions always led to failure because he was never able to get the right for minorities approved.

Documents 6. Which of the documents are pro-British in nature? Which ones are pro-Indian? Documents B, C, E, and I are pro-Indian and documents A, D, F, G, H, J, L and k are pro-Indian.

7. How would Indians in the lowest levels of their society benefit from India's Constitution as stated in Document H? The Constitution of India provides equality to everyone even toward the lowest level of their social hierarchy, the untouchables. They will enjoy their rights that they weren’t able to gain before.

8. Using only the information contained in the documents, answer the following question: How would British colonization have a lasting impact on the people of India? Use examples from the documents to support your answer. British Colonization had both negative and positive impact. They profited from technology such as document J. There is a plane that represent the high technology advance in Britain. However, unlike their duty, Britons sometimes made life even more difficult. In the document D, I, it describes the harsh life. They stated that “imposition of different laws, regulation, taxes on them” are generating a much complex, difficult life. Also the picture shows people escaping because they don't have enough courage to live against a situation like this. Also document F states the dependence of India. They are very dependent on Britain even though it caused India to become hopeless politically and economically.

Critical Thinking 9. What were the causes of the cultural conflict between the British and the Indians? The causes of cultural conflict between the British and the Indians comes from each other. Each Britons and Indians aren’t willing to share but maintain cultural lifestyle no matter what. SInce they aren’t trying to understand and be their own, conflicts occur.

10. Identify both positive and negative effects of British Rule in India. There were both positive and negative effects of British Rule in India. Britain, first of all, had high technology and efficient machines which developed India. Also their stable government and law system settled internal conflict between kingdoms. However Britain diminished the right of Indians and ignored them. They only wanted profit out of India and didn’t care about the citizens life.

11. How were Ghandi's four general principles effective in dealing with a much more powerful Great Britain? Ghandi's four general principles effective in dealing with a much more powerful Great Britain were very effective. With those principals Ghandi was able to achieve actions like tax reduction, improving wages and harsh working conditions in factories for the laborers. Ghandi taught people how to react to certain action with peace and calmness without violence.

12. For what reasons did Muslims demand a separate country? Muslims demanded for a separated country because they couldn’t go along with the Hindu. The congress party which was dominated by Hindus rejected to make agreement with the Muslims. So they decided to form a separate country instead of trying to make a compromise.

13. Why did the colony of India break up into four separate nations? India was broken into four separate nations: Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka. Bangladesh, East Pakistan, won independence after the invasion of West Pakistan. Pakistan and Bangladesh couldn’t unite. Sri Lanka became independent due to the religious tension and the gap between each other.

20/20

**Global Impact of Imperialism** 1) Watch a student's presentation on the reactions to Imperialism by China and Japan above and take detailed notes. Use the table below. Read [|American Imperialism Overview] to complete the 3rd column.



2) Find one political cartoon for the impact of imperialism in China, one for the impact on Korea and one for American Imperialism. Include these cartoons in your notes and answers the following questions:

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This Image is anti imperialism. In the picture we can see that China which is symbolized as dragon is sleeping among the different animal representative of European countries. This shows that the countries are fight each other to trade with China.

2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? This image expresses that China is very powerful and people are trying to fight over to dominate China and trade. When they trade, they get numerous resources.

3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? The Europeans are viewed as. They are very dependent on chinese product because Europeans don't really have a lot of resources from their such as spices.

4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism? Chins is going through swift by a drug and causing the countries to trade. Since the China finally accepted to trade was a very good choice.

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is anti imperialism. It is kind of obvious because a Japanese soldiers are going across Koreans. They are stepping off korea to continue the way.  2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? Korea is view very helpless and that this event is occurring with force from the Japanese. Koreans didn't really feeling good about the kind of certain actions. 3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? Europeans are viewed as a mean and a stubborn people. They are stepping on Korea to held to Manchuria. They are trying to dominate most of the parts of Asia whichthey can take resources from them.

4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism? This shows how the Japanese are determined to conquer other parts of the lands. Even by stepping on Korea's face, they are trying to go over to Manchuria. The benefitof dominating korea is to continue their pathway in to inner Asia.

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is pro imperialism is showing the outcome of Spanish-American war. Uncle Sam is leading a Philippines child to the door of self government. Uncle sam is trying to lead him step by step however the immature kid is too eager.  2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? This shows that the native people needs a leader to lead them and also shows their feeble and small body compared to Uncle sam who is big and old. 3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? Americans are leading the child to self-government. Also his tall and old features are making him look much mature than the young little philippines.  4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism? Americans are doing similar action like the Europeans countries as they started the imperialism.

__Economic Imperialism__
Watch the video below but stop at 10:55. Put you answers on your gallery page. 1) Feudalism and mercantilism were two economic systems that preceded capitalism. Review and summarize (in your own words) how they generated wealth. How does capitalism DIFFER from these two systems? Feudalism is an economic system where the power is concentrated on how much an individual owns land. The richer you are the more lands you own. However Mercantilism is a economic theory or belief of benefits of trading. However Capitalism is different from those two systems. Capitalism doesn't deal with land but trade. It is an economic system where an individual trade for their own benefit. Mercantilism and Capitalism is very contrasting because Capitalism is for one' benefit not a state. However Mercantilism is generally together.  2) According to this lecturer, what forces drive capitalism? Capitalism brings a successful economic growth. Unlike the Feudalism, the economic system is a powerful system. By trading and development of machine, income had increased and attention toward europeans products had increased.

**Scramble for Africa** __Task One__ http://todaysmeet.com/imperialism_meeting

__Task Two__ 1) Which countries controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914? France, Britain controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914.  2) Why do you think these countries had the largest area of Africa? Britain and France had the largest ares of Africa because Britain needed resources. Those countries were one of the countries that most actively went through the industrial revolution. Also they were one of the first countries that went through industrival revolution. Since they were one of the fastest, they had much more time to conquer and are more experienced.

__Task Three__ 10 Minute Notes -started the scramble around 1800s -reason: to gain resources and raw materials -New system in Africa: Apartheid -Britain= most lands, Bantu: education, political (in South), Uganda: acholi, military (in North). -Tension between countries increased. Hutu < Rwanda =labor Genocide of 1994 -Sudan: civil war -Genocide in Namibia (Recent) - Uganda’s 1st prime minister - Milton Abotte -1971 overthrown with Britain + Lsreal -military leader -> acholi + Langi -cold war -unstableness in community, IMF -NRA made -army rebell -Alice Lequena : Holy Spirit Movement

__Task Four__ 1) What was the Berlin Conference? The berline conference was held during 1884 November to 1885 January. None of the Africans had attended but, all the imperialist countries such as Britain, France, Italy and other countries attended. During this meeting the made some agreements about the territories in Africa.  2) What were the three outcomes of the conference? They agreed to inform each other when gaining other territories, and annexation is considered validated, and that they have the right to make treaties with African leaders.

__Task Five__ Picture 1 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is anti imperialism. In the image, a European man is reach across the globe and toward Africa. This image gives an impression that European's eagerness to take over Africa.  2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? In this image, it shows a very negative and a pitiful view toward African and Asians. They are powerless and hopeless. 3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? It appears the British and Americans are doing their duty of developing the land. They are earning profits from the Africa gold field which shows their supreme power over Africa. 4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism? There are only benefits for the imperialist. Europeans are gaining gold.

Picture 2 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is for pro imperialism because the white man who are leading the group of African children looks nice and gentle. 2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? In this image, African and Asians are demonstrated as the ones who are desperate of help and those who are hopeless. They need help from the Europeans. 3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? This image is providing very positive view toward Europeans. They are doing their duty of helping the ones who need one. 4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism? Africans are getting benefits from the Europeans.

Picture 3 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This particular image is anti imperialism. The white snake with a crown in it's forehead is representing European. The Europeans are strangling the African man. The white snake represent the Belguim kong, Leopard the seconded. 2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? African are viewed as a powerful who are getting abused by the Europeans. They are the victims are have no power to fight back against them. 3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? The Europeans are overpowering the African with their weapons are technology.  4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism? Africans were victims who are powerless to even defend themselves and Imperialism is not actually what we think it is.

Picture 4 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image exhibits pro imperialism. We can see in the all three pictures, white man are trying to communicate with the Africans and having a positive. 2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? In these pictures, it shows that Africans are actually civilized and has some powers within themselves. They aren't all completely weak. 3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? White man are viewed very gregarious in these scene. They try to make treaties between the different races and have a pleasant compromise. 4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism? The author is claiming that the both races got benefits with these friendly meeting in Africa.

Picture 5 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This disgram is anti imperialism because the teacher in front of the class are scolding the African kids and the kids have a very scared faces toward the teacher and a kid is cleaning window in the corner. 2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? Africans are viewed as a uneducated person who are unfortunate.Their facial expression express extreme fear and a not comforting situation. 3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? European are viewed very harsh in this picture. They are doing their duties however they don't know how to control their rights in front of the young African kids.  4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism? With their duty, the Europeans will gain an opportunity to get to know and teach them even if they don't really know how to.

Picture 6 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This picture is anti imperialism as the bird is reflecting the Europeans. The black bird however symbolizes germany. They are looking down on the African troop and are always watching over them. Also they are about to swoop meaning hunt them down. 2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? African troops are just view like a mice in a jar. They can't escape or either gain their freedom. Also African are express with sympathy because they are holding their low-advanced weapon, spear. They are trying to gain freedom from the Europeans. 3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? Europeans are trying to control the little troop with spears. They want to dominate them and wanting them to just follow what they demand. 4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism? Once again, Africans are viewed as the helpless ones. Even though try to defend themselves, they always tend to fail to overgo the power of the white man.

Picture 7 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is a typical picture of anti imperialism. Around the white ladies including the woman of justice, there are bodies of dead or bloody African man. However the ladies are having a conversation together with a map next to them. They seem like the disgusting bodies are them doesn't exist. 2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? African are viewed as the victim and those who can't be even remembered after death. No one cared about the bodies. 3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? Europeans are viewed a very cruel person. They don't even get bother to talk about the bodies around them but a conversation about maps and directions. Like the writings, they should get civilized first before they torture the weak Philippines.  4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __ //**OR**// __ costs of imperialism? The cost of imperialism is suppose to be the value and respect for other races however Europeans tend to fail that task. Also it is stating that Americans are not civilized.

**Darwin Theories** 2/6/12

**Document-Based Question:** Do Darwin’s theories apply to culture and society? Why or why not? Use the excerpts above and strong examples to support your points.

Darwin’s theories definitely apply to culture and society. Within his ideas, he discussed about natural selection, the survival of the fittest, and the struggle for existence. His three ideas reflects the imperialism. During the 19th century, strong, powerful Europe started to influence difference countries with the approach of imperialism. European nations started to dominate other lands and controlling over different countries. Darwin describes this kind of consequence as natural selection or the survival of the fittest. Darwin in the excerpt expresses that the animal with a beneficial trait or inheritance will have a better chance of survival and that existence of these suitable organisms engenders improvement within the species. European nations, who are powerful and have social, political, economical stability, contains the traits required for surviving among other countries and human beings. They are going to lead the world and develop the world. Also Darwin added that if natural selection occurs, there is a descent with modification. European nation goes through development and like the animals, they increase their percentage of success in gaining other small countries. Darwin’s another idea of struggle for existence also portrays imperialism. Darwin claimed that dearth of resources create leads to this struggle. Bird, each other, destroys other nests and eggs. They fight with their life. They do a bet where they gain the resource or die from the opponent. This idea reflects the maintaining culture. The countries of the powerless struggle to remain out of control from the powerful countries. They try to maintain their culture and not trying to get influenced by others. However like the other birds who are eager to steal the resources, different powerful, greedy countries make an attempt to gobble them up. Darwin’s theory of natural selection and struggle for existence reflects the relationship between the powerful and the feeble nations. Each other attack and defend for their benefit. Like the animal kingdom, the ‘human kingdom’ also is full of fight, fulfill of resources going through battles.

You have discussed Darwin's theories in relation to imperialism, but you have not considered whether "survival of the fittest" was used to justify imperialism, to say that it was right, good and "natural" for stronger countries to dominate weaker one.


 * Age of Imperialism: Reading**

**“The White Man’s Burden”** 2/1/12 Complete the following questions in detail: __What is “The White Man’s Burden” based on Rudyard Kipling’s description in this poem?__ Rudyard Kipling in this poem states that the white man’s burden’s job or his duty is to improve the countries that are controlled by other countries. Even the other countries might not appropriate this domination but they should remain dark. The countries had dominated lands to control and handle them better. __Do you agree or disagree with Kipling’s characterization? Why or why not?__ I don’t really agree with Kipling’s characterization because even though there might be countries wishing for each other’s benefit however, I think that there will be more countries who will control lands for benefit. For example, Britain created colonies in the Americas for their own benefit and profit. __What does this say about the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800 - early 1900’s? Use specific examples from the poem.__ The poem states the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800 - early 1900’s had changed. It cause the poor running country to develop by the help of these nations. __Is KIS an example of “The White Man’s Burden” in modern Korean society? Why or why not?__ I think KIS is an exmaple of the white man’s burden in the modern Korean society because Koreans are getting American education. We are getting help from the European education and developing our level of knowlegde. Since America is a much better developed country, international school that are located in Asia are present to advance our education.

1/31/12 Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels will disagree about the negative impact from the industrialization because they were the wealthy industrialist who either owned a factory or extremely wealthy. They actually enjoyed the increase in production and their profit from all the labors. 2. What might be reasons for 16-year-old Mary Paul’s satisfaction with her job and life in Lowell? For 16-year-old Mary Paul will be satisfied with her job and life in Lowell because in a young age it is very hard to get hired and have a job. Also she has a shelter where it provides her with food. She doesn’t have to worry about starving or dying of cold shivering outside. 3. Why might the political cartoon by Walter Crane be used in getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism? The political cartoon by Walter Crane probably have rallied the workers to cause of socialism because the image seek criticism against capitalism and their poor souls getting abused. This picture of a laborer must have dragged the people to feel sympathy and anger for themselves.
 * Document-Based Questions**
 * 1) Why would Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels disagree about the effects of industrialization?

Your answer to number 1 emphasizes that Carnegie and Engels had the same perspective (they didn't), so does not answer the questions why they would view the effects of industrialization so differently.



1/30/12 __ Would Marx have agree that these countries were "communist"? __ Marx probably won’t agree to the fact the these countries were communist. Marx’s ideal society and the current communist states show a significant contradiction. Marx’s communism, unlike the recent situation, was distributing and dispense the wealth, privilege equally. He was thinking of a peaceful moment where everyone was on a par with each other after the poor’s revolt. However the modern society of communist wasn’t identical was his principle even though they were created to reflect and portray his thoughts.
 * Capitalism -Karl Marx **

__ What has happened to the "communist" world (once called the "Second World", to distinguish it from the "First World" -- wealthy capitalist countries, and the "Third World" -- poor countries)? __ In the communist world even though they tried to reflect Marxist-Leninist communist ideology, however it was impossible to separate equally through social classes. Instead the “communist” states started to give more acknowledgment and profit to those who tend to work more efficiently.

__ Why do you think this has happened? __ This incident had happened because as the state settle as giving equal amount of every citizen, the people started to feel unfair. Among those population, those one who businesslike worked got the same outcome as those who are slacking off. Individual started to think that this was unfair and the lazy ones don’t have the right to get the same profit as the diligent worker. This cause the society to class as the people’s demand more fairness grew.

__ What do you think of the idea that the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world never materialized (see p. 270) because of the Union movement (the formation of trades unions who unite to demand better working conditions for workers) and reform laws (to improve conditions for workers, eg. safety requirements, limits on the length of the working day, minimum wages)? __ I think it will be impossible that the growing gap between the rich and poor will ever decrease. These days, the each daily life is getting complex and becoming hard to increase their income. However the amount of decreased income will be very different from the rich and the poor. The Wealthy people will lose a lot of profit however lose only like a part of the whole. Even though they might lose more, they will have enough to maintain and be stable unless a person’s avarice bothers the wages.The hopeless on the other hand will lose less. However because of their social and political instability, they will have a great impact even with the minuscular amount of loss. So I think even though the rich might have a greater loss but the feeble ones will have a much more influential impact. In addition more matter Union movement and reform laws tries to improve the gap between the rich and poor, it will cause only a compact impact on the society. Much more educated and richer ones tend to develop the society than those with poor education and less support. This causes the company to hire a more educated person in one of the highest places earning unimaginable salaries. So I think the no matter what, the wealth ones and the hopeless ones will amalgamate.

1/18/12 The industrial Revolution brought massive positive changed however child labor increased. This chapter portrays different pictures of young children from 5 to about 13 working with different jobs surrounded by the adults. Some of the children were beaten up by the adults who were powerful. Not only that but also young kids had to work together with the adults in a such harsh condition. This lead respiratory problems such as white lung disease. A lot of the undeveloped young on the picture were barefooted and working in a dark place. The passage expressed the excessive amount of child labor also by including a photograph of a young boy selling wood from a factory barefooted. There were no discrimination within the people. Children like the adults had to carry about their own lunch and go to work at the same time. However, hopelessly there weren't a lot of higher class men aware of this harsh labor.
 * Photo Essay**

**Industrial Revolution**
1/17/12 Q: The Industrial Revolution, and the urbanization that accompanied it, have been described as a mixed blessing. To what extent to you agree with this statement?

The Industrial Revolution not only brought negative effects but also positive outcomes. Industrial Revolution first occurred in Britain and engendered a massive change of every single ones of lifestyle. As machines approached, child labor has increased. For Instance, children worked with coal mining and had on break at at noon. They came to work at 5 am and left at 9 pm leading them to work about 10 hours. In addition the middle class who were machines owner’s avarice cause the factory condition to be terrible. A lot of the machines were dangerous and dirty. These lead a lot of worker to get disease and to spread these diseases. However on the bright side, this industrial revolution increased jobs. This lead a constant economics and the working classes didn’t starve nor needed to worry about their family starving.Even though Industrial revolution was surrounded by things that can be improved, it lead a positive immense change.

**Congress of Vienna Questions**
Napoleon had a great start by contributing in the French Revolution and helping the rebells. However, as the revolution was settled, Napoleon wanted to take over different parts of the world and to dominate Britain. The determination that Napoleon is going to conquer Britain is one of the main causes of Napoleon’s collapse. Napoleon was devoted to conquer Britain however had failed. The war damaged the French navies. Napoleon ,as a revenge, stopped all the trade with Britain however this actually weaken the French economy. Napoleon also sold the Louisiana to the new world. Napoleon shouldn’t have done this because this purchase let to the advance in the New world. In addition, Napoleon tried to dominate Russia and lost numerous of soldiers. He continued to lose in battles and wars. Even after he regained the throne of the French emperor, he failed to manage the country and was sent off to a far-sided island.
 * Why did Napoleon's empire collapse?**

The goal of the Congress of Vienna was to balance the power between all the european countries. Also they wanted to return to the beginning where the monarch was in charge of the country. They put back the monarch.
 * What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna?**

Quotation importance 11/28/11 Quote: "In a revolution, as in a novel, the most difficult part to invent is the end." I choose a picture of a novel representing the revolution itself;Like the quote states, the most difficult part in both novel and the revolution is the end.

Glogster - Catherine II the Great 11/16/11 http://jenchoi.edu.glogster.com/catherine-ii-the-great-jennifer-choi/

Speed-Dating 11/13/11 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnISjbl4j0U Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu Citation: http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/montesquieu/montesquieu-bio.html http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/montesquieu/ Textbook

Questions After Reading the Absolutism Article 11/10/11 1) What is absolutism? Absolutism is a theory in europe where the monarch has unlimited powers over the country. The monarch can do whatever he or she decides to do. Absolutism is a type of government system used during the 15th denture to end of the 18th century to unify force to consolidate. The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V is one of the kings that was a dictator. 2) Explain the justification for absolutism referred to as the 'divine right of kings' Absolutism originated from the bible and the practices of ancient civilization. People thought the powers of the monarch were provided directly by the gods. For example, if people rebelled to the king, the citizens considered that the person is going against the king. For example, Philip II believed in the divine rights and he made every single decision. 3) List the causes of the rise of Absolutism in Europe. There were different causes that lead to the rise of Absolutism in Europe. Europe included Spain, France, England and more. Absolutism is a governing system where one leader has the dominated power and is treated as a god. After the 14 century, people started to accept absolutism noticing that it produced order and control. The protestant reformation was involved in absolutism as well. Papal influence weakened a lot of states and was desperate of a strong leader/dictator. To regain the order and control the monarch required bureaucracy. The taxes collected by the bureaucrats supported the establishment of consolidated power. Also during the 15th century, wealth grew uncontrollably and the people needed help to control among themselves. Monarchs ordered and regulated economy and industry. During the 15th century to end of 18th century, people didn't know how to live in environment. They needed someone to lead. 4) Explain briefly how absolutism developed in : Spain, France, England, Russia Absolutism had developed in different places in Europe. Absolutism was used to provide order and control to the country. The origin of absolutism came from Spain. It appeared first because of the increase in some dynastic marriage the Habsburg royal family. Charles V was the first leader who applied absolutism. Phillip II expanded territories by winning battles such as Battle of Lepanto. Absolutism appeared first in France in a response to a religious aristocracy like Fronde Revolts of the mid-17th century. King Louis XIV was like a god-like figure in France. He had numerous of achievements with the supported of obedient followers. He ensured the protection of high tariffs. He won major wars such the War of Devolution. Absolutism in England was very different than other countries. During Tudor dynasty, Tudor monarchs worked on the English parliament for the usage of their advantage. During the Stuart dynasty, numerous of dictators improved the country by winning battles. Russia was also one of the country who developed absolutism within the country. Absolutism existed in 15th century but during the 18th century, Peter I entrenched absolutism. Peter I improved nation's army and industries. Absolutism spread to different parts of Europe and helped to improve each country.

10/27/11 9A Port 4:

AP-PARTS: __Edicts of 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan__ A: Tokugawa Shogunate is the author of this source. Tokugawa Shogunate was the official/shogun in Japan. He was the feudal government of Japan and was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. He ruled from 1603 until 1868. P: This piece was created in Japan during the prior time and was created in 1635. P: I know that Japan had an enormous plan of conquering China. They thought taking China was a piece of a cake. However with the dangerous wave, Japanese decided to fight korea through and up toward China. However after Korea's defeat, Japan started to fall down. This information can help to understand the excerpt. A: I think this excerpt was made for the official administering the bust port of Nagasaki. R: This excerpt was to state the isolation of Japan and the consequences/ rules during the isolation. T: The main idea is that understand the seriousness and the importance of the isolation act. S: This excerpt is very significant because it proves why Japan wasn't the country that dominated the world world and why they couldn't. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate

AP-PARTS: __Qianlong on Chinese Trade with England__ A: The author of this source is Qianlong. Emperor Qianlong was the sixth emperor of the Qing dynasty. He governed from 1735 to 1796. P: This source seems to be created about 1793 and in China to England. P: I already know that China has been constant from the 300 years of isolation. China doesn't know how powerful the Europe is but still think China is the best. A: The audience is to King George III of England. R: This source was written for Qianlong to express his feelings about the importance of government policy of trade and economic affair in China. T: The main idea was to understand Chinese officials' thought about the trade with the Europeans. S: This excerpt is significant because it expressed how China doesn't think Europe is powerful from the 300 years of isolation and how China didn't accept Europeans.

http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22924.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor

Video: Japan's attempts to build an empire in the 16th century 1) Who was "the Bald Rat"? Bald Rat was Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who was an empire with a dream of building an empire in China. 2) Where did Japan hope to build its empire? Japan hoped to build it's empire in China. 3) What stopped it from building its empire as planned? During their enormous plan of building their empire in China, they fought with Korea and got defeated. 4) Why didn't they try again? Japan wasn't able to try again because of the Korea's defeat, and started to use the wide vision. After the defeat, Hideyoshi started to get worried about the next generation and his obsession toward his kid increased. Also Japan has a cultural behavior to kill yourself to respect the emperor. Also after the Hideyoshi's death, the general who fought in the Korean war ordered Hideyoshi's son and his wife to suicide. After these event, Japan went to isolation.

The European Age of Exploration Class 25~27 10/18/11 9A Grouped with Catherine Kim

Cornell Notes: Chapter 3 Section 1
 * Port 1:**

__The age of Exploration:Would you go?__ What possible rewards might come from exploring the seas for new lands? The three major rewards that the explores gained from exploring was gold, glory, and the spread of Christianity. However, if they get the chance to find new country like America. They will be able to get more land. If they trade with other empires, they will not only get valuable goods like jewels, spices, silk, etc but also new knowledge.

What are the risks involved in embarking on a voyage into the unknown? Some of the risks are in the ships. For example, starvation also mutiny among the crew members were some risks of exploring. However, while traveling there might be storms coming, weathers with no winds, or rough waves. There were also some risks of getting lost in the sea and that would have resulted the whole crew members to never see their family again. When they reached their destination, they might have an unfriendly greetings. For instance, the Natives did not like the explorers coming.

What will you do if you actually run into other pope? First, what we would introduce Christianity to people. Then, we would have try to establish a trade relationship with some goods like gold, silk, jewels. However, after we would try to gain control by using our weapons to enslave Natives. We would have tried to kill them, because we want land. http://todaysmeet.com/would-you-go

__Before you leave: Navigation instrument__

Astrolabe -Astrolabe is an instrument to measure the angle of slope of something. -Astrolabe is mainly used by the navigators or astronomers to locate the position of different planets, sun, and moon. The Astrolabe helped Europeans to improve their navigation technology. They started to draw maps with the astrolabe.

__Different travelers__
 * Port 2:**

__Journal Entry__ After the first visit to Africa, Europeans started to capture slaves for the labor in the America for benefit. Slaves were African people and didn't have any idea when they were transported to the new land, America. Africans in the America were that most of the Africans were immune to the european disease. As more and Europeans came to Africa, the Africans started to get immune to the different disease such as smallpox. Also many of them were experienced in farming. At this time period, Africans farmed. ALthough they were not as techniques than the Europeans but were capable of the basics. Africans were beneficial for the Europeans because if they ever decided to escape, the their skin colors and lack of knowledge can be a handicap. Their skin colors stood at very clearly and was easy to identify. Also since Africans were used to the environment in the new world, they will probably have a problem find the way through. The Europeans started use Africans as slaves for numerous of reasons.
 * Port 3:**

With the triangular trade Europeans, Africans, and Americans earned enormous profit with some loss. Triangular trade was a trade network between America, Europe and Africa. The Europeans, Africans, and Americans exchanged good to each other. Europeans exchanged goods to the Western Africa and in return captured Africans. Africans were then sold to the West Indies. Also, Europeans sold guns and weapons to Africans, Africans traded rum to Americans and Americans exported cotton and tobacco to Europeans. The triangular trade provided new items to the Africa. For example, the Africans traded Africans for weapons. Africans started to learn about iron and the different usage of the weapons. The triangular trade provided both benefit and loss to Europeans, Africans, and Americans.

Some of consequence of the slave trade was both negative and positive. Consequences means the effect of the usage of Africans as slaves. The continuation of the slave trade cause the African cultures to disappear. Ever since Africans came to the new world, Africans had to adapt to their new environment. Also with the harsh treatment, the Africans weren't able to continue their customs and culture. On the other hand, Africans helped America's economic to boost up and develop. African's work made a lot of American's life easier. Africans helped Americans to farm, with other labors and America was able to develop their economics in a new country. Also even though a lot of African's tradition had disappeared, some Africans cultures were shared with the Americans. Africans songs, dances were passed by the Americans and still affects the Americans.

__Cornell Notes pg.137-141__

See, Think, Wonder Activity class 15 9/21/11 9A First Picture I see a one man naked and one old man trying to reach each other I think the two mans are trying to reach each other when they are getting separated I wonder why the two mans are wanting to meet each other when they are getting separated. Second Picture I see two hands. I think the two hands wants to meet each other I wonder why the two hands want to meet each other.

China's Age of Exploration II Class 13 9/9/11 9A Countries with more than 1 million Muslims The map expressed that China has about 21.7 millions Muslim. This was very surprising compared to the amount of interaction and trade between different people.

Voyages of Zheng He The map of Zheng He's voyage was very surprising. His voyage showed that China was in great power and wealth. Also maybe Chinese might be the first one travel around and discover lands than the Europeans.

China's Golden Age 9/06/11 9A The two pictures of the boat shows how great the Chinese power was. I was shocked by the size of the ship and how European ship was 1/4 of the size of a chinese ship. I think the size of the ship tells us the superior power of China and is very big. Chinese ship had more spaces which made it possible for more people to get on and more supplies such as food, water, and clothings to be on the ship. Chinese ships had more masts and Chinese ships were able to travel much longer and explore around the whole world. While Europeans ships only went to North America.

Europe in 1400 The map with different kingdoms showed me that at that time, there weren't specific borders but division of land territory. The Territories are divided by the kingdoms. If Holy Roman Emperor, the Emperor of Byzantium (also called Constantinople), the Doge (ruler) of Venice, and the kings of England, France, Castille and Portugal were to be invited to Beijing on 2 February 1421, they would have came from different areas. The Holy Roman Emperor would have came from his kingdom which is north from the Italy. Since Holy Roman empire had many other little city-states, I think the Holy Roman Empire can be coming from any other places within the Holy Roman Empire. The Doge (ruler) of Venice would probably have came from the Venetian Republic which is between the Holy Roman Empire and Papal state, Kingdom of Naples. The King of England would have came from the Kingdom of England which is located south of the Kingdom of Scotland. King of France would have came from the Kingdom of France. The Kingdom of France is located in the west of the Holy Roman Empire. The King of Castille would have came from Kingdom of castile. The King of Portugal would have came from the Kingdom of Portugal. Castile and Portugal is located in the territory of spain in the 21 century. South of the Kingdom of France, there is the Kingdom of Castille and west of the Kingdom of Castille, there is the Kingdom of Portugal.

Territories of Dynasties in China The picture of different chinese territories in each dynasty shows that as the dynasty went by, the amount of the territory of China increase. While Europe was having dark ages, China started to grow more and had their golden age.

The Silk Routes The silk road traveled throughout a lot of different countries. They traveled Through Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Persia (Iran),Greece, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tibet, India, Pakistan.Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, China.

European city populations in the 1400 and 1600 China was 1500 time larger than London and had 50 time the population of London. China was very powerful in this time period. With more people, they can do more things like explore, study the classics and improving city lives. Which means, China had much more opportunity to develop than London.

Forbidden city The first picture, the map of China's city wall seemed very small compared to the second picture which is the modern map of China. The map of the modern China is more developed and the wall is much larger now. The Forbidden City is still there in the same place however the wall is extended more toward the west. As the territory increases, China had to build on the great wall to protect themselves from the invaders.

The great Wall If the wall was to be 6400 and from the Yalu River, the wall would reach to the Iran, Dasht-e Kavir.

Primary Meridian The picture of the walls in different dynasty shows that each dynasty they extended the great wall. Since the territory of China increases as dynasty, Chinese people extended the wall to cover up all the northern China from invasion.

The great Canal The little picture of the globe, represents that china is not the reference point of the world. Chinese like other countries thought they were in the center of the earth. During the 15 ~16 century, powerful countries tend to have think they were in the center of the earth.

The great canal reached to Hangzhou from Beijing which is a great improvement in city life and a successful invention. This great canals helped a lot of Chinese people to transport things and made conversation easier and transportation quicker.

Analysis of the three European Maps 8/30/11 By looking at the maps, I noticed that last map, the earliest one, had Spain included in the Muslim territory. This proves that Muslim may have took the knowledge that Europeans has lost and when the Muslim territory decreased, they took the knowledge back to their place.

Family History Project Event: During 1997, YangKyu Choi studied in University of Southern California for fellowship. He was there for fellowship about 3 years. He studied with his professor, Namir Katkhouda who was a French famous medical doctor. Yangkyu Choi studied with his professor and increased his knowledge. Primary Sources: Picture: In the picture, there is Yangkyu Choi on the right and his main professor, Namir Katkhouda on the left. Yangkyu Choi and his professor at this time was analyzing an part of an operation from the TV. This photo was taken in 1999 July 26th and the date is recorded in the right hand corner of the picture. Written Document: This is a document that allowed Yangkyu Choi to get a visa for the fellowship. The University of Southern California, USC, gave permission to the government so that Yangkyu Choi can have a visa. Interview: media type="file" key="Yangkyu Choi's interview.mp4" width="300" height="300" Subtitles: When did you go to US and why did you go to US? I went to the states in 1998, I wanted to do the medical fellowship. Why did u go to USC? I chose USC medical school because I wanted to study with Dr. Katkhouda who is one of the most world famous medical professor. Why was this event significant to you? This event was important because not only I learned a lot of medical information and techniques bbut also tried to think positively and challenge at every moment. Thank you. Significance of this event: This event was very important event to Choi's family history because his fellowship helped a lot in his doctor's study and made it possible for YangKyu Choi to open up his own hospital/clinic.

Turning Points in the Pre-Renaissance Period Partner With :Catherine

Jennifer, please use the blue bar button on the edit toolbar to put a line between assignments. You don't need your name on work you post online, and you shouldn't EVER use full names! (I've removed them). See my comments below:

Roles of Historians (8/17/11) Jennifer. Vocabulary heretical-a follower of heresy which they believe against the orthodox religious doctrine. faggot-a bundle of sticks which symbolizes the convict of heresy. Eucharist- Christian ceremony respecting the Last Supper. abstain-to __retrain__ **restrain** yourself from doing a certain action they enjoy. penance-Christian ceremony when a follower of Christianity confesses the sin to the priest and is given a punishment. beseeching-to ask someone urgently for a favor source-an place of information rather it is reliable or not questions

1. In section 1, Heretical Beliefs, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article? Hogsflesh was convicted heretical belief and he had to carry the faggot and had to repeat rituals in different markets several time. If Hogsflesh refused to carry out penance, he would have been burned with the faggot. The historian’s main point of the article is that the society couldn’t accept others rejecting to believe in religious ideas and were followed by punishments.

This is not the main idea.

2. What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles? John Arnold defines the role of a historian or calls the historians as chronicles. He mostly thought historians as chronicles because the history is an report of arranged of events in a chronological order. I do agree to John Arnold because it is true, history is record and interpreted in chronological order. However, I don’t think historians were mostly chronicles, they did record events in chronological orders but they had much more roles such as explorers, treasure hunters, archaeologists, and correctors.

Incorrect. He calls chronicling the most SIMPLE role of a historian. I like the additional roles you've come up with!

3. What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references? Treating their sources with fidelity means to treat the sources or any evidence left by the historians with respect and with care. These sources, especially, primary sources are very valuable. They can lead us in to other interpretation or can maybe support the already existing stories. These sources can be fixed again, they can’t be edited. Treating without respect and care might destroy the source and provides us an even larger gap from the past and the present.

Misunderstands the phrase.

4. How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view? A single event can be interpreted in different ways because not everyone are identical to each other. Each others might have their own language, perspective, religion which was arrow the an event to a different direction. Events in my life can cause the historian to interpret things different than we do. For example, my weekly routine of practicing swimming might be seen for entertainment, for making my body fit or even practicing/trying to expand my swimming skills.

Good.

5. Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response. My friend and I went to a camp during summer. We had a lot of fun and I remembered some very funny events and other unique events that occurred during the camp. However, my friend remembered other things else that was funnier for her. We had different feeling about what was funny and what event was very unique and memorable. I think historian might be mostly objective but not completely. Historians have their own point of what is funny and unique. Like my friends and I had different thoughts and feeling toward an event, I think it is also possible to for historians to be a little subjective.

Good answer.

6. What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history? Some problems caused by subjective history is that each regions or countries will have different histories full of bias. Everything will be told in their region’s perspective where maybe people from other region might not be able to understand or agree. The beneficial factors from the subjective history is that people might understand how others felt and thought of it different from each other. I think my friend and I had different significant events that were memorable because we have different limit or idea of what is memorable and unique. Since subjective history might include crashes between different opinions and idea, objective history is how historians should organize the history.

Good answer.

7. Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not? Historians are also storytellers, producing stories, recordings of events such as John Hogsfleash story. Some of the stories are very clear and simple like John Hogeflesh’s story. There are some that are a little much tough to interpret however we have to trust the historians and that the stories are true with reliable information.

Good.

8. How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views? My view of history and historians weren’t very deep. I’ve never thought about the history and their role. This was a very new experience and I started to think historians are as smart as people in present like us. Historians are like scientists, writers and most of the jobs/roles still exists now. I will approach history with more of an objective mind rather than having a subjective mind.

I like this!