Jee's+World

5/25/12 **Afghanistan Timeline with Lisa**

This was the first movement of the Soviet Army in Afghanistan.
 * 1979** December - Soviet Red Army invades and brings in communist government.

This shows the US involvement and this event leads to and end for Soviet Army's occupation in Afghanistan.
 * 1986** - US begins supporting mujahideen by providing with missiles, enabling them to shoot down Soviet helicopter gunships.


 * 2001** October -US begins to response back to Afghanistan's September 11 attacks on the United States. Anti-Taliban Northern Alliance forces enter Kabul.

This showed that situations have placated and the beginning of reconciliation.
 * 2011** January - President Karzai makes first official state visit to Russia by an Afghan leader since the end of the Soviet Union invasion.

5/21/12 **Debate with Katheryn + Venn Diagram**

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JS9NB-kM878&feature=youtu.be



10/10

5/18/12 **Class 48 + 5 Underlying Causes of the Cold War**


 * Task 1: The Cold War A, B, C **

I believe the fall of the Berlin Wall was most important out of all events. This event was a turning point that stimulated everything to happen. It was a division between the Communist and Democratic parties, however after the fall, unification was created between east Berlin (Soviet Union) and west Berlin (democratic).
 * Task 2: pg. 530-537 Chart **
 * United Nations || to maintain peace and security in the world from international aggression ||
 * The Marshall Plan || giving aid (food, machinery) to needed countries to stop Communism from spreading (many joined the Allies) ||
 * The Warsaw Pact || Soviet Union form of NATO ||
 * Task 3: Cold War-Most Significant Event **


 * 5 Underlying Causes of the Cold War **
 * competition
 * WWII Allies internal conflict (distrust between USSR and USA)
 * contradicting beliefs (Communism vs Capitalism)
 * arising tension with the Yalta agreement
 * USSR and Nazi's agreement during the beginning of WWII

9/10

5/16/12 **Class 47**


 * Venn Diagram **

//"Do you think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes? Explain your thinking."// I believe it was not right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes. The Nazi and Japanese leaders weren't the only ones involved in the war crimes. Due to the Allies' actions, this is why only the Nazis or Japanese's guilt is emphasized larger and "only" guilty for the war crimes. I don't think punishing the leaders for their faults would change anything or make situations better, since already the war has happened. Everyone on both sides were involved and resulted with mass casualties and damages. They both led each other with damages, but it was just the matter of who did more. Although I am not saying that the Nazis or Japanese are innocent, and it is distinguishable that their actions against humanity was more extreme, but the Allies are also guilty even though they are the winners of the war. Therefore, it was right for the Allies to try Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes, but it wasn't right to only try them and Allies also take part for being guilty.

5/14/12 **The Holocaust Video Opinions From the Heart**

//Twins// I was terrified by the extreme level of physical and mental suffering the twins went through. I couldn't imagine the process of experimenting people would actually occur like in many science fiction books. Once again, the video made me think that the Holocaust created an utmost level of human failure and I don't understand and no one will why it was to happen.

//Brothers// This video was more heartbreaking when I saw Uri Chanoch's lost eyes. It was hard to stop thinking of the thought of seeing your mother and sister abruptly vanishing for whatever reason. But what made me really poignant was that he could remember all the tragic moments, but not the last moment with his mother, "I don't remember if we kissed. I don't remember if we hugged. I don't remember." Who wouldn't understand the struggling to surviv//e,// who would understand the inevitable lost of family? I don't even know the words to describe the Holocaust, because there isn't any appropriate or satisfying description for this atrocity.

//Mordecai Eldar// "I couldn't call them living people, but they were breathing.What else can we say? As I read through the comments, I didn't comprehend and will not comprehend how you cannot get affected. Just from seeing photograph of the emaciated "living" people, I couldn't bear the torture they were receiving before they ultimately face death.

//Zanne Farbstein// I cannot imagine to see flames of evil on alive people and to remain speechless and apathetic. As she squints her eyes, I think she could still visualize the scene. It is such a tragedy, to lose all hope and to wait for death. How much more is there for humans to sink?

//Yaakov Hollander// His wish to save half of the cake for his brother made me learn that I'm such a lucky person. I am able to live with my parents, food I want, shelter, education, and entertainment. I couldn't believe he weighed 33 kilograms and he still wanted to share the cake with his brother. His desperateness and care for his brother was palpable and agonizing.

//Sophie Engelsman// How much more evil will exist? How can you bear the sight of burying the myriad of dead people? I couldn't believe how fast it was for humans to die. I was glad that she was able to become what she always wanted, a nurse, and it was very touching when she said "bringing life into this world is an ultimate gift".

//Eva Brown// I was shocked that people were coded with numbers as if they were criminals and nonentities. Do they even have the right to live? I think that rather just suicide would have been better than going all through this tragedy.

5/10/12 **The Allied Victory + WWI vs WWII**


 * Task 1: Guided Reading **
 * hard-copy

Costs of WWII: Allies and Axis //1. Which of these nations listed in the chart suffered the greatest human costs?// The USSR had the greatest human costs. They had the most casualties for militants and civilians.
 * Task 2: Skill Builder/Interpretation + DBQ **

//2. How does U.S. spending on the war compare with the spending of Germany and Japan?// The U.S. spending is almost the sum of the spending of Germany and Japan. In addition, the U.S. spending is larger and if we compare the spending in today's world, U.S. spent more money than on the chart.

Military Casualties (WWI & WWII) //1. What factors may have contributed to the increased number of deaths in WWII over WWI?// Many factors contributed to the increased number of overall deaths in WWII over WWI. Due to technological advancements, more countries were able to kill more people with skilled weapons. Furthermore, the war occurred in more places from Europe to the Pacific. It was dangerous to fight on the homeland, because it led to huge damages. Also, Russia has the most casualties, because in WWI they left the war earlier than others, so they have more casualties in WWII.

Civilian Cost //1. Displaced Persons: Under what conditions did the Polish refugees flee from the Germans?// The Polish refugees were separated from the homes, families, and provisions. They were to be move out suddenly without the time to think or take their personal items. People were situated in places that were inapt and uncomfortable. Physically and mentally, the Polish refugees suffered.

//2. Internment Camps: Judging from the photograph, what was government's attitude toward Japanese Americans?// From the photograph, I could learn that the soldiers were waiting for them until the Japanese Americans arrived to the internment camps. They were ordered to supervise and make sure they didn't do anything wrong. They are viewed to be dangerous and volatile, so they are ready to take action if anything happens.

5/9/12 **The Allied Victory Tasks**


 * Task 1: Guided Reading **
 * hard-copy

//How is the same history conveyed so differently in these two videos? Which do you think is more "true": the Hollywood dramatization or the documentary?// Although history is the same, people can express it differently in their own way. The two videos show a different focus and intensity of dramatization. The Hollywood movie shows a deeper view on the soldiers in an extreme, palpable, and graphical process, that there is some exaggeration associated. However, on the other hand, the documentary isn't specifically presenting only the soldiers involvement. The film is presented in more of a subtle manner with less intensity than the movie. I believe the Hollywood dramatization was more "true", because I could feel the extremity and understand clearer of what the soldiers went through. Because after all, a war is a war, a bloody and violent war, but we have never been able to see or understand what an actual war would be like.
 * Task 2: Video Reflection **

Dec. 1941: Pearl Harbor June 1942: Battle of Midway Nov 1942: Allies invade North Africa Feb. 1943: Allies defeat Japan at Guadalcanal Feb. 1943: Germans surrender at Stalingrad Oct. 1944: Japanese suffer devastating defeat at the Battle of Leyte Gulf June 1944: D-Day invasion takes place
 * Task 3: Pearl Harbor ~V-E Day **

5/7/12 **War on the Home Front Tasks**

The Japanese internment showed great unfairness of America. The US were scared that another attack was going to be performed, after the Pearl Harbor attack, so they decided to take action on the Japanese immigrants in America. Japanese immigrants were situated in internment camps that were inapt and served culturally different food. For example, Jeanne Wakatsuki said, "Few of use would eat such a mixture" and "knotholes gaped in uncovered floor". Also, innocent Japanese citizens were put into the internment camps for being accused as Japanese spies. Japanese immigrants suffered terrible amounts of physical and mental pain, just because of their ancestry and their history. The Japanese internment not only showed unfairness, but cowardliness because America chose this inequitable way to face the Japanese. (It was interesting to hear from a Japanese perspective, because in the textbook, it felt like Japan was the villainous country.)
 * Task 1: Opinion **


 * Task 2: Walt Disney Cartoon Questions **

//1. What wartime images do you recognize from your study of the war?//

 * Nazi symbol
 * Axis (Japan, Italy, Germany)
 * Hitler's portrait
 * Mein Kampf
 * limited rationing
 * military equipment (bombs, missiles)
 * servile factory worker
 * American propaganda

//3. Why do you think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war?//
Companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war, because America also utilized propaganda. Other than posters, cartoons are more public and indirect, which gives a sense of humor and the effect is more cogent.

// 1. What is in the cartoon? Explain the symbolism you see. // The cartoon shows the factory system in the US. I can learn that Sam (the US) is trying to conserve paper (scrap paper processing) as much as possible and there are endless amounts of paper that Sam is plunged inside of (USA Salvage Program). It shows that US is supporting the war with full effort and plus there is mass production of military equipment (labeled with "pass on to Adolf" and "bomb"//)// for the war. Also, it shows that women and men both worked in factories during WWII.
 * Task 3: Political Cartoon Questions **

//2. What is the intended message of the cartoon?// The cartoon is implying that America is putting a lot of effort into the war.

//Children at war//
 * Task 4: Life on the Home Front **
 * evacuated to "safe places//"// (an unknown journey and destination)
 * ignorance is bliss (most were all happy for a new life)➜fixed misery
 * foster parents (original parents were never seen again)

//Rationing//

 * limited provisions (clothing & food)
 * used coupons to purchase rations (48 coupons per year)
 * a nightmare

//Women at war//

 * most important role in society
 * all women in all age involved in all male-oriented roles (Land Army, factories, Women's voluntary service, Air Raid Wardens, Auxiliary Territorial Service)
 * gained respect and rights

//Messages of war//

 * utilized propaganda
 * children were conditioned
 * Army isn't all work, citizen's courage will bring victory, hope, warnings of diseases

5/3/12 **Japan Seeks to Build an Empire Tasks**


 * Task 1: CH16 Japan's Pacific Campaign (Guided Reading) **
 * hard-copy

"Let Sam Do It": The cartoon illustrates how the role of the League of Nations is useless and rather irresponsible. It shows how they don't try to fix the conflict with Japan and China themselves but hide away behind a wall, just watching and asks Sam, the US to stop them. They all don't want to get involved and know that they aren't powerful enough. The drawing depicts Sam to be taller and greater than the group of representatives in the left.
 * Task 2: Political Cartoons Explanation **

"Let others sweat and toil": The Japanese cartoonist views the West as lazy (Britain lying down), greedy (money bag with $), and superior in a bad way. For example, the non-Anglo-Saxon countries are carrying the Anglo-Saxon, which shows how the Anglo-Saxon is higher and the cartoonist labeled it by "Anglo-Saxon Imperialism". The cartoon shows how the West are ruthless and makes the other countries that are not Anglo-Saxon (Asian) suffer.

Japan's hand grasping the Nine Power Treaty: Japan's hand is clenching onto a burning piece of paper, which is the Nine Power Treaty. Japan is burning and clenching the treaty because it is showing how Japan is not going to allow the treaty to happen (they broke it in 1931) and annihilate the Kellogg Pact and League of Nations at the same time.

Japan vs. Australia: This cartoon shows how Japan is fervent in seizing New Guinea (comes running), but also Australia (kangaroo) after conquering all the Dutch East Indies (smoke behind Japan). Japan is militarily advanced with its gun and helmet, while Australia first tries to fight with a sword, but switches to a gun, because they know they cannot face Japan with a sword.


 * Task 3: US vs Japan **

//1) Why did Japan attack the United States of America? Provide evidence from the source below in your answer.//
Japan attacked US, because of their fear that the US would attack them first. US continuously had this growing hatred towards Japan and their actions, but as Japan attacked on Pear Harbor, their hatred exploded. It led to US declaring for war to Japan. Whenever Japan acted an invasion in other lands such as Mukden, China, and Indochina, the US never supported Japan, but rather went against them. In Mukden invasion, US refused to recognize Mukden as an independent state. In Japan's invasion in China, US refused to ship war equipment to countries at the war and later supported the Chinese government. Lastly, in Japan's occupation in China, the US strongly went against by supporting Indochina with its navy and stopping all assets. It shows how this had made Japan mad and clear that US wasn't going to be on the same side with Japan, so Japan made a move on USA.

//2) Briefly summarize the key events of the attack (before, during and after).//
(negotiations of desire of expansion & attack on US) || Japan doesn't have as much damages than expected || worst naval disaster in US history ||
 * **Before** || **During** || **After** ||
 * US is neutral (WWII) || Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7) || America is mad ||
 * Japan's two-pronged strategy
 * Yamamoto plans an attack on Pearl Harbor || US:lack of military equipment || US declares war on Japan (Dec. 8) ||

5/2/12 **The Battle of Britain Tasks**


 * Task 1: Podcast Notes **

//1) What was Operation Sea Lion?// It was the invasion of Britain by Germany that Hitler was preparing after the defeat of France.
 * Task 2: Podcast Questions **

//2) Why did the battle not look good for Britain?// Compared to Germany//'//s air force (Luftwaffe), the Royal Army Force lacked weapons and fighters.

//3) What advantage did Britain have?// However, Britain contained determination that they never lost their morale even in the worst situations and their biggest strength was the radar. Furthermore, some other advantage was that air crew from all over the world supported the RAF.

//4) What was Germany's mistake?// Germany didn't meet their expectations and rather had more losses. They undermined the British and was severely shot.

//5) What was the impact of the bombing of London? How did the bombing of London aid Britain's cause?// Although the bombing of London caused massive destruction of people, factories, and homes//,// it lead to adding more spirit for the British. They didn't give up and continued to unify to fight against Germany.

//6) Why was the outcome of the battle of Britain significant for the Allies?// The battle of Britain sprung up more hope for other Allies that they could win and left Germany with damages too.

//Explain why the British were able to hold off the German invasion when they were militarily weaker. Use evidence to support your ideas.// Although Britain's army was militarily weaker to powerful Germany, they had some incomparable attributes that they were able to hold off the German invasion. During the battle, Churchill was a great, clever leader who guided the army well and was a role in bringing in the attributes. First, the Britain still had their own strong weapon, the radar. This invention was a big help in identifying the incoming air crafts and saved many damages. However,not only radar recognized the Germans, but Churchill operated a system where everyone could get involved//.// This unification showed great power than the many men and bombs German owned. Not only the fighters contributed to the battle, but women and others supported by becoming wardens, creating refugee camps, and collected money for equipment//.// Ultimately, their determination and spirit was their strongest weapon. They never lost their moral even in the worst situations and Churchill strengthened their hope and motivations more.
 * Task 3: Paragraph Writing **

4/30/12 **CH16 Section 1 Assessment (#2, 8)**

4/26/12 **HG pg. 21-25 Notes + pg. 488-492 Notes**

4/24/12 **Hitler's Germany pg. 2-5 Notes**

4/20/12 **Fascism Quiz**

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPhteyh8ELE&feature=youtu.be

Very well done -- you're very good at this! 10/10

4/19/12 **A Worldwide Depression Quiz + Fascism Notes**

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ug9q4YeEmRk&feature=youtu.be Yup, you nailed this one. 10/10



4/13/12 **Communism Quiz + The Great Depression**

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bfqgy--ofV4&feature=youtu.be

Comprehensive and clearly explained. 10/10

**Station 1: A Worldwide Depression Organizer**

**Station 2: Newspapers** //International Herald Tribune//: Afflicted with a Great Depression Thesis: Now the economic failure today has become inevitable and contagious, causing to contaminate the world more economically and politically. T1: World War I veterans are increasingly expecting for White House for early bonuses. T2: Arising conflicts between the U.A.W and General Motors are causing big problems. T3:More people are steadily supporting for the Communist Party.

//New York Times//: Rooted with the Great Depression Thesis: The economic breakdown is producing more destruction and distress than expected, causing more citizens to become moneyless, jobless, and homeless. T1: As the Stock Exchange crashed, on October 29th, the market crashed, vaporizing billions of dollars into thin air. T2: More strikers and less jobs attack the society. T3: More migrants are abandoning homes and poverty and storms make people more miserable.

**Station 3: Video Notes**

Not quite sure why you've posted your organizer twice? Did you do the video notes? In any case, I wasn't grading that, so you're fine. 10/10

4/10/12 **Russian Revolution Oral Quiz + The Chinese Revolution and Japanese Imperialism (Stations)**

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBgHVAJACRs&feature=youtu.be

Very clear and articulate! 10/10

**Station 1: Imperial China Collapses** //How did the Treaty of Versailles add to China's problems?// The Treaty of Versailles did no help for China instead of giving freedom from foreign influence. They were conquered by Germany to Japan, and Chinese were getting more angry. Rebels started to get influenced from Marxism and the Russian Revolution, which made China transform into a Communist Party. However, internal conflicts in China about communism led to instability, but later the forces unified to fight against the Japanese.

**Station 2: Japan's Role in Asia During the First Half of the 20th Century**

Before Japan became part of the great powers in the world, but the target of criticism, they were essentially isolated. However things began to change when they were influenced by Western powers such as American industrialization or Germany and Britain's military system. In a few years, Japan rapidly developed its economy and military, that it was time to demonstrate their powers. They invaded Manchuria, a region in China, in 1931 with their canon and machine guns. Japan justified to the criticism, that they wanted to guide them by creating a new nation for Manchuria. Furthermore, Japan's ambitions did not end, that they invaded Korea in 1910 and took absolute control culturally, politically, and socially. Others accused them to be an untrustworthy nation, but Japan opposed back by pointing out that the Western powers were hypocritical. It was true that the Western powers were the ones who expanded its foreign influence, so Japan chose three "doors" to escape from the pressure of overpopulation within a small region and from the oppression of the white race. They vindicated the "doors" to be emigration, advance into world markets, and expansionism. Therefore, Japan's behavior was a result from the decisions made from the Western powers.

The map shows Japan quickly gaining territory over Asia.

The cartoon depicts how Japan is now part of the feast along with the Western powers. It shows how Russia and Japan are both longing for Korea. The image shows how Japan invaded Manchuria with its military.

Sources: http://americanforeignpolicy.pbworks.com/w/page/12563721/Sanctions%20on%20Japan%20in%20WWII http://portsmouthpeacetreaty.org/process/causes/causes2.html http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/survivor/brichta1.html

**Station 3: Mao vs Stalin** //Was Mao a better or worse national leader than Stalin?// Mao was unexpectedly ruthless and similar with Stalin. They both are cunning but smart, had visions, and both desirable for power and modernization in their countries. However, I believe that Mao was worse than Stalin, because he was more lunatic for his personal interest. They both did eliminate all of the people who got in their way and caused millions of people to die, which they expected, but Mao shocked me more. He thought that there were benefits for the casualties, because it helped fertilize land. He is simply psychotic and furthermore, he enjoyed the godly power he owned too much. I was really shocked to know the "real" Mao, but I learned that ironically, the ruthless leaders do make a great change.

You weren't actually supposed to FIND the images you would use in your "textbook", but I'm glad you have incorporated captions to explain why you chose each one. 10/10

4/6/12 **The Russian Revolution (Stations)**

**Station 1: Overview of Russian Revolution** Many developing factors contributed to the cause of the Russian Revolution. First, political incompetence led to a devastating result for the economy and anger. Alexander III used violence to murder all of his opponents and his son, Nicholas II made misjudgments by forcing rapid industrial growth that induced poor working conditions, low wages, and child labor. It slowly added more anger for the citizens, until the Russian army exacerbated the situation more by killing hundreds of hungry innocent workers who just wanted a respite. Now the people were on their last grip, until the fatal suffering of WWI was the final hit. Dead economy and millions of dead soldiers made soldiers and workers unify by protesting together, which eventually kicked out the czar and form a new government. Many continuous components led to the Russian Revolution.

**Station 2: Podcast** media type="file" key="Jee Lee-Joseph Stalin good vs bad.m4a" width="300" height="50" **Station 3: Propaganda** "The Struggle of the Red Knight with the Dark Force" //1. What is the message the poster is trying to get out of the Russian people?// The poster is implying that revolution is the only way for success and stability. The "red knight" symbolizes the Soviet Union, since it is red and the shield's symbol is the symbol for USSR. The "dark force" resembles the stages before the revolution, which there are two stages (one on the ground and one on the left). It shows how the revolution can defeat the dark force, meaning it is stronger and better for Russia. Already, the horse and the red shirt man is higher than everyone else.

//2. Do you find this piece of propaganda compelling? Why or why not?// I thought it was interesting how the artist used the different stages or time periods within one poster and how the different time periods have different types of weapons. Once again, the horse jumping over the white horse shows its strength and superiority.

3. Make your own propaganda poster designed to make viewers adopt your viewpoint on __school uniforms__. (hard-copy)

4/5/12 **pg. 428 Evaluating Decisions**

2. How did the Treaty of Versailles reflect the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I? The winners of the war, US, France, Britain, and Italy presented different expectations and agendas for the Treaty of Versailles. The ascendent US tried not to get involved with any more conflict with the Europeans and Woodrow Wilson urged for peace in the world, by negotiating reasonably and not angering Germany. His pacifist idea, later formed as an association called the League of Nations, contained of self-determination, reduced armies, public treaties, and many more goals. However, Britain and France were bitter and apathetic towards Germany. The treaty led to a severe damage for Germany for the nation itself and the civilians. France wanted and did corner Germany with all the guilt and troubles, that it showed how angry, cautious, and still scared they were. They later divided up all the countries into pieces, so they wouldn't be able to unite again. Britain eventually agreed with France, since they also wanted national stability and security. Lastly, from the beginning of the war, Italy was the most anticipated to earn territory, but they resulted with less of what they imagined. At the end of World War I, although the Big Four were on the same team, they had different ideas and visions.

3/8/12 **Major Events, Peoples, Changes** http://todaysmeet.com/jkkc-history-9D

2/24/12 **Comparison of European Alliances Map + Questions**

//European Alliances WWI Map vs The Great War 1914 Map (on the unit page)// Although they are the same maps from the same period (1914), the way the map is depicted is extremely and visually different. The European Alliances WWI map from the text book is just an ordinary map, but with the labels of central, allied, and neutral powers, however, the unit page map depicts each countries as sea creatures and animals that holds machinery. For example, there is an animal that looks like a bear with the Moscow hat (Russia) trying to eat up Austria-Hungary. Also, instead of central or allied, the powers are labeled as Darwinist and Clanker.

//Balkan Peninsula Map vs The Great War 1914 Map (on the unit page)// The map of the Balkan Peninsula shows that during the 1900s there were many slavic groups, but more for Serbia and Russia that I understand why there was great tension. Once again what the maps are showing are different, because the Balkan Peninsula shows the Slavs, but I think the flies on Russia might symbolize the Slavs.

//Why might Serbia have staked a claim to Bosnia and Herzegovina? Why might Russia have been interested in helping further that claim? Why would Germany and Austria-Hungary have resisted any moves for Bosnian (used to mean Bosnia and Herzegovina) secession from Austria-Hungary?// Serbia might have staked a claim to Bosnia and Herzegovina for more population of the Slavs. Their ultimate goal is to obtain more of the Slavic population to increase power. Russia was interested in helping the claim, because they were a mostly Slavic nation. Germany and Austria-Hungary resisted any moves for Bosnian secession from Austrian-Hungary, because more Slavic population would fulfill Serbia's hopes of more power and they wouldn't want to lose the land and population they obtained for instability issues.

2/16/12 **Impact of Nationalism**

//Do you think nationalism has had a more positive or negative impact on the world? Support your opinion with evidence.// I think that nationalism is a more positive impact than negative impact on the world. Nationalism is a sense of pride, joy, and strong favoring feelings towards your own country. Having the sense of nationalism will mean that the country is in unification. Although this concept of nationalism hasn't been rooted in our minds from many many years ago like religion, however, unification is a strong weapon against an opposing team. Also in unification, people will try to accept and understand their cultural differences, since unification is when divided lands, but culturally similar lands combine together, that having a whole, compact society will lead to stability and wealth. Nationalism has not only encouraged people's minds to be unified but induced the production of scientific and technological advances. Even though nationalism has some negative results, the positive results come to be more seminal on the world.
 * Positive and Negative Impacts of Nationalism **
 * Positive Results || Negative Results ||
 * * citizens overcoming their differences for the good for the nation
 * overthrow of colonial rule
 * global spread of democratic governments
 * competition among nations involving with scientific and technological developments || * assimilation of minority groups➔majority groups
 * ethnic cleansing (the violent elimination of unwanted religious or ethnic groups)
 * rise of extreme nationalistic movements
 * competition among nations causing wars ||

**Types of Nationalist Movements** //1. Using the table above, explain the characteristics of each type of Nationalistic movement in your own words.//
 * Unification** merges divided lands but culturally similar lands together.
 * Separation** tries to divide a culturally different groups away from a state.
 * State-building** unites culturally different groups into a whole.

//2. What do you think would have happened to the empires (e.g. Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire) during the rise of nationalism?// Probably, the empires were threatened by nationalism, that it would have led to separation and independence, slowly, empires losing their land and power.

**CASE STUDY: Italy** ("Right Leg in the Boot At Last") //1. What symbol does the cartoonist use for the soon-to-be nation of Italy?// The British cartoonist illustrated a long boot, resembling the actual geographic shape of Italy//.// The illustration of Garibaldi fixing the king of Sardinia's boot means that the soon-to-be nation is adde//d// to the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia.

2. How is Garibaldi portrayed? Garibaldi's knees and crouched back not only shows his inferiority, but including his eyes, it shows his diligence and sincerity as a nationalist. Also, he is wearing a red top, because he always wore a bright red shirt during battles (aka Red Shirts).

//3. What does the title of the cartoon say about the cartoonist's view of Italian unification?// From the title "Right Leg in the Boot At Last", the phrase "at last" expresses British's support for the Italian unification as a same imperialistic country. It sounds as if Italy //finally// acquired the land after a long time.

**CASE STUDY: Germany** //1) Create a flow chart that shows the key events that led the unification of Germany.// //2) What was unusual about the territory of Prussia as it existed in 1865?// In 1865, the eastern and western parts of the Prussian Empire are not joined, but separated and it is interesting how the middle of the Prussian territory is a non Prussian territory.

//3) After 1865, what year saw the biggest expansion of Prussian territory?// The year 1871 was the biggest expansion as South German States joined Prussia, creating the German Empire.

//4) Design a national symbol for the newly formed Germany. Include symbols that best represent the spirit or values of the German people at this time. Write a short paragraph explaining your symbol and its significance.// Symbol:

The image above is a national symbol I created representing the unification of Germany and Prussia. The black eagle symbolizes the newly formed Germany and its power. The stars resemble nationalism, pathway to light, and a military symbol, which is in red, because violence was associated. Also, there are two large stars meaning the "Second Reich", which was what Germans called their empire. The circle of people holding hands shows the unification of Germany and Prussia.

Sources: http://rlv.zcache.com/five_red_stars_in_bow_icon_flyer-p244425889637287929z85cm_400.jpg http://www.easyvectors.com/assets/images/vectors/afbig/e20ab0993584a71284b9958aa6aa49c8-eagle-clip-art.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Red_star.svg http://powerincoalition.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/holding-hands1.jpeg

20/20

2/13/12 **CASE STUDY Assessment (Case Study** India and Britain **+** The Clash of Cultures**)**

**Terms & Names** 1. Since the Indian **sepoys** were chosen (instead of British) and created for the protection of the British's interests of political and economic affairs, later on, their different ideas conflicted, causing anger and violence which inspired nationalism to other Indians.

2. The **Sepoy Mutiny** stimulated the unbearable rage of the Indians that it became a turning point for British rule in India and the starting stage of the nationalistic movements.

3. Organized by western influenced academics, the **Congress Party** made many efforts for supporting and demanding equal rights and independence through the nationalistic movements.

4. **Mohandas K. Gandhi** was an important role for securing India's independence and spreading nationalism by his astute tactics.

5. **Muhammad Ali Jinnah** made numerous attempts for unification within India (Muslim-Hindu), but he failed as it made it difficult for India's independence.

**Main Ideas** // 1. What were four factors that contributed to Britain's conquest of India? // Britain was able to extend their control over India by their technologically superior equipment, well organized and united goals, stable political system, and the help of internal conflicts in India.

// 2. What was the cause of the Sepoy Mutiny and what was its main result? // Due to the lack of acceptance and cultural and religious differences between Britain and India, it triggered the Sepoy Mutiny and resulted to lead Britain to take over direct rule of India from the East India Company.

// 3. Which groups and ideas promoted the Indian independence? // The Congress Party and Muslim League promoted the Indian independence with ideas of equality, nationalism, unity. Also, Gandhi was a major role for Indian independence by the concept of "non-violent non cooperation" and increased nationalism.

// 4. What were four general principles of Gandhi's philosophy? // The four main principles of Gandhi's philosophy were live simple without expecting material rewards, be tolerant of the religious beliefs of others, devote one's life to the service of others, and never input violence in any kind of conflict.

// 5. What role did Jinnah play in the partition of India? // Jinnah's ultimate goal was to unify the Hindu and Muslim, however, after many failures, it was more clear that they did not accept each other. This lead to the division of India and eventually Jinnah became first leader of independent Pakistan.

**Documents** //6. Which of the documents are pro-British in nature? Which ones are pro-Indian// Documents C, E, I, and J are pro-British, while documents A, B, D, F, G, H, K, and L are pro-Indian.

//7. How would Indians in the lowest levels of their society benefit from India's Constitution as stated in Document H?// The Constitution of India provides equality for "everyone", that no longer the lowest levels are "untouchables", but they become part of a country, where they have a voice and right to do something.

//8. Using only the information contained in the documents, answer the following question: How would British colonization have a lasting impact on the people of India? Use examples from the documents to support your answer.// British colonization both had positive and negative impacts. From document J, it shows the technological advances India was influenced from British//,// however, it also shows India's dependence on Britain from documents D and F, that India's culture and economy were constantly changing. India's traditional customs and values were restyled as shown in document J.

**Critical Thinking** //9. What were the causes of the cultural conflict between the British and the Indians?// The lack of cultural understanding, acceptance, and yielding within the two clashing groups based on their religion, language, and philosophy led to the cultural conflicts.

//10. Identify both positive and negative effects of British Rule in India.// The British colonialism in India brought the introduction of technology, infrastructure, and political stability despite the issues of poverty and social inequality. Talking about poverty and inequality, it still remained afterwords and is still today (wide gap between the rich and poor). Also, India's complex blend engendered to have different languages for the north and south of India, initiating miscommunication.

//11. How were Ghandi's four general principles effective in dealing with a much more powerful Great Britain?// Ghandi's four astute principles were effective in dealing with the almighty Great Britain, because they were almost the opposite from Britain's philosophy. Since Ghandi knew India lacked the resources and skills for fighting, India should prevent themselves from fighting a bloody battle without violence associated. Also, the other principles made Indians gain more unification which is a threat for any opposing team.

//12. For what reasons did Muslims demand a separate country?// Muslims believed in a country of a majority of another religion, their voices wouldn't be clear enough and they didn't accept Hinduism.Therefore, they wanted a separate country for themselves.

//13. Why did the colony of India break up into four separate nations?// First, the beginning of everything was the partition of British Indian Empire. Then, Pakistan broke away from India due to religious conflicts (Muslim-Hindu), East Pakistan turned into Bangladesh as a result of military coups, and Ceylon turned into Sri Lanka because of religious conflicts.

20/20

2/9/12 **Global Impact of Imperialism**

**Task 1: Reactions to Imperialism** -loses Opium War, so forced to open its economy by Britain -Taipin Revolution for the wanting of utopia -Empress Dowager’s attempt at modernization fails -failure leads to making many countries attracted -US creates open door policy (equal trading rights for everyone) -foreign influence engenders Boxer Rebellion (extraterritorial rights) ||< -opens trade for US -Mutsuhito takes over the emperor people hated (Meiji Era: Enlightened Rule) -modernizes during the Meiji Era (sent out missionaries to foreign countries) -successful modernization (results: power (technology) and victories) ||< -conflicts between jingoists & isolationists -"Yellow Journalism" and the press persuades McKinley to wage for a war -the need for a new market -sympathy for Cuba starts the Spanish-American War -wins and becomes a global power -gains control of Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico through S-A War -gains access for international market -Isolationism to Imperialism -spreading ideas of Christianity ||
 * = China ||= Japan ||= United States of America ||
 * < -wanted X open economy

**Task 2: Political Cartoon**

1) This image is anti imperialism because the cartoon is a satire of imperialism by depicting the greed of the imperialistic countries while China (equivalent to a pizza) is in rage. Interestingly, the pizza is labeled in french because it is not China, but "Chine". 2) China is angry how the imperialistic countries are contemplating and concentrated on the distribution of the land, however, they cannot do anything since they lost the Opium War. 3) As imperialists, they are busy dividing the land as if it was pizza, which means that the China is something they will eat up and the Europeans and Japanese don't even care about the mad Chinese at the back. 4) The author is conveying that the land of China is like food for the imperialists that they will consume and it shows the competitive hunger for China.
 * CHINA**

1)This image is anti imperialism, because the three countries are "fishing" for "Coree" (Korea in French). 2) Korea is viewed as the "developing" country that Russia, China, and Japan wants to seek, and from the picture, Japan's fishing rod is closest to the fist (Korea). 3) Russia, China, and Japan are imperialistic countries concentrating to obtain Korea and so geographically, Japan and China are closer to Korea than Russia, so Russia is far away standing in a bridge. 4)The message is that there was lots of competition for an imperialistic country in order to acquire a developing country.
 * KOREA**

1) This image is pro imperialism, because the bird, the stripes of the sun, and the stars represent a nationalistic attitude. 2) There isn't any clear view of the natives, but overall they seem proud of their achievements in gaining land. 3) The United States looks very large compared to other pacific islands and the eagle's wings are very large covering the US. 4) The message is implying that by imperialism they gain immense amount of land and they are an example.
 * USA**

**Task 3: Economic Imperialism** //1) Feudalism and mercantilism were two economic systems that preceded capitalism. Review and summarize (in your own words) how they generated wealth. How does capitalism DIFFER from these two systems?// Feudalism was like a like a system of hierarchy//,// where the higher class owned and rented land for the lower class in return for labor and profit. Mercantilism was a system where profit was earned by exporting more than importing. Capitalism is different from these two systems because it gains profit by a free market (companies of the individuals), meaning without the involvement of social class or government.

//2) According to this lecturer, what forces drive capitalism?// According to the lecturer, he states that there are three driving forces for capitalism: the use of fossil fuel, free market, and colonialism. First, the ability to use fossil fuel and convert it into energy supplies great efficient power which leads to profits. Second, an efficient, creative, and productive market leads to capitalism. Third, rapid growth of capitalism was due to the large amounts of labor and resources found in the colonies. All of these elements led to money which meant capitalism.

Obviously you can see now that your images appear only as VERRRRRY long lines of code, so I can't really see if your analysis of each is in fact correct. Therefore I can only mark tasks 2 and 3 for now. 12/20 Feb. 17 Okay, I can see it now, and you've done a really good job analyzing these cartoons. The only thing I'd like to see improved is you understanding of mercantilism. If it is just earning profits by exporting more than importing, how would that be different than capitalism? 19.5/20

2/8/12 **The Scramble for Africa**

**Task 1**

**Task 2** //1) Which countries controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914?// The French and British controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914.

//2) Why do you think these countries had the largest area of Africa?// It is probably because those countries had the most power at that time and Africa wasn't, so they took over.

**Task 3**
 * Scramble of Africa is ongoing
 * conflict began in 1986
 * started because of the European's insatiable desire of wealth and goods
 * Britain controlled the largest amounts of land in Africa
 * differences between the North and South stabalized British's ruling
 * decreasing population of Africans (slave labor-Belgium taking over Rwanda and Congo)
 * National Resistance Army & Rebel movements increase
 * slowly losing its culture

**Task 4** //1) What was the Berlin Conference?// The Berlin Conference was the first time a meeting with the strongest European countries and United States where they regulated the colonization in Africa declared their plans publicly to colonize an area.

//2) What were the three outcomes of the conference?// The conference agreed to that any sovereign power that wanted to claim any territory should inform the other powers "in order to . . . make good any claim of their own," any such annexation should be validated by effective occupation, and treaties with African rulers were to be considered a valid title to sovereignty.

Notes
 * wild rubber production
 * scramble for Africa involved the traditional colonial powers France and Great Britain
 * damaged traditional social, economic, political, and cultural structures
 * disease, famine affected Africa's population

Image 1 1. This image is anti imperialism, because the British man with the hat seems to smile and reach out Africa with avarice. //2.// Africa is viewed as an area for goods and apparently it is labeled "Gold Fields". //3.// The picture depicts the British imperialists as greedy and evil because it looks like as if they are just snatching the resources they need. //4.// The author is implying that imperialism is all about the insatiable desire for money, instead of the feigned justifications.
 * Task 5 **

Image 2 1.This image is pro imperialism, because it shows how one brave white leader who is leading a bunch of young dark-colored children into the light. 2. The materialized countries are viewed as African children who are small and immature than the white man. 3. Aforementioned, the white imperialist is depicted as a hopeful leader who can bring the smaller people together, as Kipling has said in his poem. 4. The author is implying that imperialism is not all about money, but they are trying to help Africa become a better place for the future.

Image 3 1. This image is anti imperialism, because it shows how imperialism is sicking and evil by the way the African is tied up by a cruel imperialist snake with a crown. 2. Dark-colored Congo people are suffering and viewed weak by the way they are tortured by the snake. 3. Once again, imperialists are depicted as evil and inhuman "creatures"//,// treating the weak Africans horribly. The snake is resembling King Leopard from Belgium seizing Congo people and later eating them up. 4. The author is implying that the imperialists' are squeezing the Congo people and taking all the resources and goods until they can't resist and swallow them up.

Image 4 1. This image is pro imperialism, because there is no inequality between the imperialistic countries and Africans and Asians. 2. Interestingly, the Africans and Asians have jobs that are ranked higher than the white people's jobs. 3. The white people are depicted to be more lower than the dark-skinned men, showing that the white people do respect the dark-skinned men and obeys them. 4. The author is implying that imperialism is not a cruel treatment towards Africans and Asians, but actually they respect them and curtsy them.

Image 5 1. This image is anti imperialism, because while the professions and treatment is different between the white and Africans. The African students are tied up and some other Africans are cleaning, while the white students are reading quietly and drawn elegantly and the American (Uncle Sam) teacher is white. 2. The dark-skinned people are treated as uncivilized students that they are not allowed to read and depicted as intolerant students since they are in front of the row. Other workers are Africans, and one is cleaning. 3. As said, the whites are more superior and the American teacher has most of the control, which he is known as Uncle Sam. The white students are quiet and obedient. 4.The author is implying that imperialism is also racism. The way they are treated in education shows how the imperialists believe themselves to be superior than others.

Image 6 1. This image is anti imperialism, because once again imperialism is depicted as an animal with a crown. The image captures the moment when the black eagle (Germany) is about to scoop up its prey. 2. The dark-skinned people are viewed as the food of the eagle and they appear very small (only a portion of the picture, which means that they are not important as much as the imperialistic countries). 3. The German eagle is depicted to be hungry and motivated with its goal to grab its prey, however, if you look it in a different way, it looks as if the imperialistic countries are higher than the Africans. 4.The author is implying that imperialistic countries will obtain what they want.

Image 7 1. This image is anti imperialism, because the imperialist does not care if the Philippinos die. 2. The Philipinos are displayed to be dead on the ground and hung by a tree, showing that they were the victims of imperialism. 3. The imperialist is depicted to be contemplating about the land of Philippine. 4. The author is implying that imperialism's cost is innocent people's lives.

Tasks 1-4 are well done. Task 5 shows you need to work on improving your understanding of political cartoons. 26/30

2/7/12 **Imperialism Questions & Notes**

//Darwin’s theories apply to culture and society? Why or why not? Use the excerpts above and strong examples to support your points.// The excerpts from "On the Origin of Species" does show how Darwin's theories apply to culture and society, but I am not sure if Darwin intended for his theories to be also categorized as social theories. The two topics it mentions is the struggle for existence and natural selection. From the //Struggle for Existence//, "The recent increase of the missel-thrush in parts of Scotland has caused the decrease of the song-thrush, shows how competition can cause to have to much of one similar group resulting with the decrease of others. This clearly shows how the classes of society are usually outlined. There is always more poor people, so there is always competition within the poor than the rich. Also, meaning "the survival of the fittest" is a concept of evolution where only the one with the best qualities for either the environment and food will survive. This means that Britain was able to become the "fittest", because they were the top of the world while others were trying to compete Britain. They were more advanced with technological inventions that resulted with wealth made them to survive. Not only does Darwin's theories apply to culture and society in the past, but it does influence today's world in scientific and social theories.

Age of Imperialism Notes Asia Latin America || * growing industry (+) Which of these are reasons, and which are justifications? Can you be more specific about which parts of these areas were colonized? I very much like your response to the idea that Darwin's scientific theories can be applied to society or culture. Your ideas would be well accepted my most modern social scientists, who have rejected the idea of Darwinism (called social determinism) as a valid explanation of or justification for imperialism. 10/10
 * = **Reasons and justifications for Imperialism** ||= **Areas that were Colonized** ||= **Impact of Imperialism (Positive and Negative)** ||
 * * need for food and raw materials
 * competition among other nations for political power
 * natives of the land needed benefits of European culture
 * motivation of national pride || Africa
 * development of architecture,art, sciences (+)
 * spread of racism (-)
 * conflicts between ethnic groups (-)
 * exposure of other cultures and goods (+)
 * debts (-)
 * new mandate system (+)
 * improved facilities and transportation (+) ||

2/4/12 **The White Man's Burden Questions**

//1. What is “The White Man’s Burden” based on Rudyard Kipling’s description in this poem?// "The White Man's Burden" means that the white people (imperialistic nations) has the duty to enlighten and influence them with their Western culture because they viewed their culture to be more superior than the indigenous population's culture that they took over. Some of the descriptions such as " Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half devil and half child" shows how disdainful the White viewed the natives.

//2. Do you agree or disagree with Kipling’s characterization? Why or why not?// I totally disagree with Kipling's characterization, because no matter how advanced or stronger one's culture is, that doesn't give them the right to judge another one's culture to be inferior than theirs. This leads to the topic of racism and bias, which still happens today. People tend to view white people to be more prestigious in society when comparing with another race. Everyone has their own culture and they are different, but being different doesn't mean that they are bad.

//3. What does this say about the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800 - early 1900’s? Use specific examples from the poem.// I could tell that the Europeans and Americans were supremacists, because they favored their own "superior" race than other colored races. The last stanza shows an example of their arrogant tone. Take up the White Man’s burden- Have done with childish days- The lightly proffered laurel, The easy, ungrudged praise. Comes now, to search your manhood Through all the thankless years, Cold-edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgment of your peers!

//4. Is KIS an example of “The White Man’s Burden” in modern Korean society? Why or why not?// I believe so that KIS is an example of "The White Man's Burden". Korea is a "product", I would say from America that has been influenced and conditioned by Western effects due to the past history. Right now typing in English wouldn't have happened if there wasn't the concept of "The White Man's Burden". The concept has allowed society to accept Western influences and now even make the English language a primary and mandatory language for Koreans to succeed outside the borders of Korea.

The passage you chose to illustrate European and American supremacist attitude was not the best example. 9.5/10

2/2/12 **Industrial Revolution Document-Based Questions**

//1. Why would Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels disagree about the effects of industrialization?// Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels are people from two different worlds. The way they view their world is different due to their economic status, which reflects on how they think about the effects of industrialization. Andrew Carnegie was a multimillionaire and he believed there was hope and the future for America's industry. On the other hand, Engels pities the life of the lower class containing extreme poverty, famine, and inequality. He claims that the Industrialization has made the lower class useless and choice-less for survival.

//2. What might be reasons for 16-year-old Mary Paul's satisfaction with her job and life in Lowell?// Some reasons how Mary Paul describes her satisfaction of her career in Lowell are that she was able to obtain a job that no girl was able to do or do well enough like her, she is able to do something she enjoys and is good at, she is respected and treated friendly by other co-workers, and she has a place to settle and eat enough.

//3. Why might the political cartoon by Walter Crane be useful in getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism?// Walter Crane's political cartoon depicts a vampire bat (resembling "Capitalism") attacking a laborer and an angel (resembling "Socialism") who comes to save the laborer. It is very clear how Capitalism is portrayed as an evil and harmful system, that it persuades people to think the angel, Socialism, is better. Not only arguing Capitalism is bad, but actually having another solution for it was clever and convincing. Also, the political cartoon is a more effective way for expressing the message for the workers, because many of them wouldn't be literate. Pictures are better than words for the workers to understand.

10/10

1/30/12 **Marx & Communism Questions**

//1. Would Marx have agree that these countries were "communist"?// It is not likely that Marx would have agreed that these countries were "communist". Marx's picture of communism in society is viewed in a Utopian way where there is no government, inequality, injustice, however communism is cultivated totally different from Marx's theory. There is a strict government run by a dictator controlling everything, which leads to inequality between people.

//2. What has happened to the "communist" world (once called the "Second World", to distinguish it from the "First World" -- wealthy capitalist countries, and the "Third World" -- poor countries)?// Communism was not able to spread around the world than other political systems and has decreased over the past few years, but it used to be applied to about 20 countries during the 1980s.

//3. Why do you think this has happened?// I believe this happened because people realized the reality of Marx's "theory" of the future and knew there was no such world without government. Although communism was applied to nations, they learned that inequality and injustice was inevitable. So countries know that Marx's theory is not true and communism doesn't fit either, they would try to move on to another stage.

//4. What do you think of the idea that the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world never materialized (see p. 270) because of the Union movement (the formation of trades unions who unite to demand better working conditions for workers) and reform laws (to improve conditions for workers, eg. safety requirements, limits on the length of the working day, minimum wages)?// I think that the Union movement and reform laws would have helped the gap between the rich and poor become more settled than before. For the workers (the poor), better conditions would be guaranteed and although they don't receive a lot of money they would at least not feel unfair and think there is value. The Union movement and reform laws would create an understanding of the struggles with the workers and solve problems, which might eventually solve the gap between the rich and poor.

1/20/12 **Photo Essay**

As I read about how children were treated at work, I was aware of such chronic treatment that it did not surprise me. There is still not a big difference from now than from the Industrial Revolution, and I believe it might be because the children couldn't have the opportunity and the strength to oppose and reject such cruelty. However, what shocks me is the true reality of the photos of the children. The photographs of them of boys and girls not even older than me, working in front of machines smaller than their own bodies make me feel depressed and realize how lucky I am to live a prestigious life than them in the photos and other children in the world who are still working. Now I understand more how the Industrial Revolution was a mixed blessing, than really a great period of wealth.

1/20/12 **Industrial Revolution**

//1.The Industrial Revolution, and the urbanization that accompanied it, have been described as a mixed blessing. To what extent to you agree with this statement?// The Industrial Revolution and the urbanization that accompanied it have been a mixed blessing. The Industrial Revolution was a period where some people prospered and some were frowning. Rapid development in England brought many benefits, but in return there were some problems. As industrialization spread, more factories were produced that people shifted their areas from the rural areas to the cities, increasing the population. More jobs were offered in the factory system, however, for the laborers, it was a huge suffering. Machines did all the hard work faster than the laborers, so no longer was their role required. Also, development was too immediate that the boosted population made the city overcrowded. In addition, there were no development plans, sanitary codes, or building codes and most of them lacked education that sickness was spread. Despite the intolerable conditions of the factories, the rest of some people still enjoyed their lives. The most populated social class, middle-class was not rich or poor, that their lives were comfortable. Eventually the lives of the workers and conditions improved, that it is ambivalent. Although many people suffered, there's always some troubles at the beginning of a modern technological advancement, but it doesn't mean that it was all good.

12/11/11 **Congress of Vienna Questions**

4. Napoleon made many mistakes that made his empire collapse. There were three main reasons that brought to his downfall. His defiant desire to overthrow Britain and its economy, by stopping all trade and controlling the lands (Continental System), conversely, made the French economy weak, because the British put their own blockade around Europe and they had a strong well-organized army. Also, in order to make Portugal to support for the Continental System, Napoleon invaded Spain and made his brother king in 1808. This enraged the citizens of Spain and by the help of Britain, they fought back Napoleon for five years, which made France lose 300,000 troops. The most destructive mistake Napoleon made was his plan to seize Russia with his 400,000 soldiers. He reached Moscow and discovered it was deserted and damaged, that his troops remained there with no food or supplies, but as they were ordered to go back to France, they were attacked by the Russian troops. It led to a devastating effect, only remaining with 10,000 soldiers that were available to fight. Already, Napoleon lost more than 690,000 soldiers. Other leaders viewed Napoleon vulnerable and weak that Napoleon gave up his throne, but once he tried to start again and he lost his final battle at Waterloo.

5. The Congress of Vienna's three main goals were to ensure that French would not stimulate an attack, establish balance of power within countries, and restore order for overthrown kings. The Congress of Vienna was a series of meetings all meant for the reestablishment of peace and was found after Napoleon's defeat, mainly by Metternich. The first goal was to prevent furthermore aggressive actions with other countries, that the Congress tried to make the weak countries around France stronger. Austrian Netherlands and Dutch Republic united, a group of 39 German states were also united, Switzerland became an independent country, and the Kingdom of Sardinia was strengthened by adding Genoa. The second goal of balance of power was performed on France. The leaders wanted to weaken France but not too much to make them revenge. They took territories Napoleon conquered and left with the same boundaries they had, leaving France an independent government. The third goal was to have the overthrown kings regain their power, which is also known legitimacy. In France Louis XVI's brother took his place, Bourbon rulers of Spain, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Hapsburg princes, and rulers of the German states of central Europe restored their order. The Congress of Vienna had created a period of peace in Europe.

11/27/11 **Revolution Poster (Explanation for picture selection)**

I decided the Earth pertained to the quote I chose "The most heroic word in all languages is revolution." by Eugene V. Debs because the Earth symbolizes the world which means that it is global, so since the world "revolution" is the most heroic world in //all languages// I believed it was like English because it is a global language and for //heroic// I drew some strong muscular arms and a Superman symbol on Earth.

Alex Staroseltsev. //Model of Earth//. N.d. Photograph. ShutterstockWeb. 26 Nov 2011. .

11/15/11 **Peter the Great Poster**

http://jeeyoony.edu.glogster.com/peter-the-great/

11/11/11 **Absolutism**

1.What is absolutism? A theory where the monarch rules a centralized state with absolute sovereignty, unlimited power and the second highest after God.

2. Explain the justification for absolutism referred to as the 'divine right of kings'. The divine right of kings is the authority given to the rulers directly by God. The monarch is a representative of God, in other means, challenging the monarch was challenging God.

3. List the causes of the rise of Absolutism in Europe. There were many causes that led to the rise of Absolutism in Europe. Absolutism is the theory where the monarch is allowed to rule a centralized state with absolute sovereignty. First, after the catastrophe in the 14th century, people were ready to accept a strong monarch, due to the political chaos. Second, 15th century mercantile polices contributed to the rise of absolutism. The mercantile policies created an unimaginable amount of wealth, that the monarchs controlled all of the economy and industry to maintain their trade. Third, the Protestant Reformation prompted Absolutism. The pope's influence weakened in many states that they also needed guidance from a powerful monarch and so later they stimulated bureaucracy. While the bureaucrats collected taxes, monarchs could form armies, having more power. The catastrophe in 14th century, 15th century mercantile, and the Protestant Reformation were the causes to the rise of Absolutism in Europe.

4) Explain briefly how absolutism developed in __Spain__-Absolutism first appeared in Spain due to the dynastic marriages that increased power of the Habsburg royal family. Spain continued to conquer for land, power, and religion, later ending up in relapse.

__France__-Absolutism in France was the ideal quintessence for all European monarchs because Louis suppressed anyone who questioned his authority which he tried to eliminate any internal conflicts.

__England__-Absolute workers achieved their objectives through adept and popular rulers.

__Russia__-Absolutism already existed in Russia, however, some important monarchs were Peter I and Catherine II.

11/9/11 **Speed Dating Video (Denis Diderot)**

media type="youtube" key="nt29rco2MQ0" height="315" width="560" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nt29rco2MQ0&feature=player_

10/26/11 **Port 4: Why did China and Japan isolate themselves from the West?**

__APPARTS Edicts for 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan__
 * A**uthor: Takugawa Shogun was the prime minister who tries to close Japan from the rest of the world.
 * P**lace and Time: This source was produced in Nagasaki in 1630s.
 * P**rior Knowledge: I have read from the textbook that Japan and Portugal performed trading,Japan feared Christianity and found it rebellious, banned people from departing, and Japan isolated themselves for more than 200 years, however, allowing the Dutch and Chinese.
 * A**udience: The edict was for the governmental officials of Nagasaki.
 * R**eason: The source was produced because the Japanese officials did not want any other external influences on their religion, culture, or ideas. They knew it would cause a turmoil in the society, so they blocked all involvement with other countries.
 * T**he Main Idea: The edict is trying to convey that Japan is trying to isolate themselves from the rest of the world.
 * S**ignificance: It can be inferred that countries who isolate or close off themselves from other influences fail to develop and prosper (while Europe was able to).

__Video Questions__ 1. "The Bald Rat" was Toyotomi Hideyoshi, a peasant soldier, who was honored and worshiped by the Japanese for many years. He was able to reconstruct Japan, by uniting and developing Japan. 2. Japan hoped to build its empire in China, so they invaded Korea. 3. Japan was not strong enough to resist the weapon Korea had owned (turtle boat), so they lost while they were fighting. 4. After losing to Korea, later Hideyoshi faced death, so Japan closed their walls like China did.

__APPARTS Qianlong__
 * A**uthor: Qianlong, the emperor of China from 1734 to 1795, wrote this letter.
 * P**lace and Time: The letter was written in 1793 in China during the Qing Dynasty.
 * P**rior Knowledge: I already learned that China was closing their doors from the others while Europe was trying to open it.
 * A**udience: The letter was for King George III.
 * R**eason: The source was produced because Qianlong was to inform their rejection of King George III's request about establishing trade at other ports rather than Guangzhou. He explains that China is under the necessity of trading with Europe because they need goods, rather than trading because they wanted to.
 * T**he Main Idea: The main idea of the letter is to respond back to Europe by rejecting trade with China at other ports rather than Guangzhou and to thankful of China trading with them.
 * S**ignificance: The letter is important because it shows how China's response is ironical when Europe is the top of the world.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qianlong

9/22/11 **China's Age of Exploration II**

The picture about the Muslim population shows us that Islam is a major religion, mainly to Asia and Africa. We can notice the significance of Islam and its spreading, and how there are is a large portion of Muslims in China we didn't know about.

The map of Zheng He's voyages proves that China was not capable of traveling to nearby countries, but to different continents over time. We can infer that China's ships and men were outstanding to maintain their long journey of tons of miles. They used many sea routes and went in different ways as time passed. The main reason of the voyages were to bring the entire world into China's tribute system by promoting their country's advancement and power.

Zhu Di built the Forbidden City as he moved the capital to Beijing in 1420. This Forbidden City is constructed in perfect proportions in such a large scale and is an achievement that should be most recognized as Zhu Di's best accomplishments.

9/20/11 **SEE, THINK, WONDER**

I see a naked man and an old man surrounded by other naked people that depicts the formation of life.

I see a white-bearded man, as God, letting out his finger, meaning life, to the naked man.

I think the other people surrounded by God are other people who were also created by God, since he has created everything in Earth.

I think the picture of the pointing of fingers can also be a scene in E.T. At the end, where E.T. was saying good bye to Elliot (the main character), they put their index fingers toward each other and promise to meet again.

I wonder if this scene of E.T is somehow parallel to the picture of the fingers.

9/7/11 **Guided Reading for 1421**

The image where it is comparing two ships depicts a large difference of the size and power. China's size of the ship is too large that can be comparable, which shows how strong China was, having more men and their development to create such ships.

The Holy Roman Empire would have come from where the German Kingdom and other areas (Savoy) that surround the borders between Kingdom of France and the German Kingdom. The kings of England would come from the Kingdom of England, which is near the North Sea, below the Kingdom of Scotland. France would be next to the Holy Roman Empire, and below the Kingdom of England. Also,

The map of the territories of China's Dynasties shows the comparison of the size of the different dynasties. From the map, it can be learned that the Ming Dynasty was one of the big (size) dynasties and that Zhu Di wasn't able to capture all of the land of the Yuan Dynasty, but was still capable to overthrown it.

The map shows that the Silk Road is linked with China (Xian) and the Mediterranean. The Silk Road passed passed through Korea, China, India, Pakistan Egypt, Somalia, Iran, and other Vietnam. It is inferred that it was powerful and long to pass through so many countries. Also, how it was near Jerusalem and passed through Babylon shows that China might have got inspired by their ideas, other than goods.

The map is telling that China was very strong, fifteen hundred times larger than London, which is not even comparable to China. The map tells the difference between the population of 1400 and 1600, and since the 1400s was the period of the Black Death, causing to kill many people, it shows even a greater difference with China. Also, below is the bigger view of the city, and only the Forbidden City is a small part of the whole city. This means that there were far more people living in the city than the Europeans urban population.

Compared to the modern day map of China, the great walled capital Zhu Di built is very small. The modern day map shows the capital, Beijing, has enlarged than the capital Zhu Di built. However, since the Forbidden City is important, it is located in the center of the map.

The map shows the development of the Great Wall done by Zhu Di, how advanced it had become. The wall will really end where Lanzhou is if it were to extend 6,400 kms due to the west of Beijing.

Zhu Di wanted China to become the center of the known universe, however, Greenwhich was chosen. From the globe, it shows the equator, an imaginary line going around the whole world, however what about the prime meridian? It extends from the North Pole to the South Pole but would it go across the globe like the equator? No

The Grand Canal was important for China to gain huge accomplishments, because it carries rice from river valleys to cities from Beijing to Hangzhou. Since the Grand Canal is surrounded by Seas, the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, it is a benefit for China.

9/4/11 **Map Inferences**

The three maps shows the spread of Islam and how Umayyad Caliphate is surrounded by other empires. There must have been some interaction with other empires, that later the Umayyad Caliphate lost some their areas because of the Abbasid Empire.

8/25/11 **Turning Points in Pre-Renaissance**

Justin Kang, Jee Lee, Carol Jung

8/22/11 **Family History Project**

EVENT: My Grandpa (maternal) goes to New York to study and work. This is a picture of my Grandpa’s graduation certificate. He wasn’t able to to take any photos of himself in the graduation, however, he is still proud of receiving his MBA from the graduate school of NYU Stern School of Business.
 * media type="file" key="Family History Project 1.m4a" width="300" height="50"
 * This is an interview of my grandpa and his life in New York.
 * [[file:Interview Questions.pages]]
 * I chose this event because it was a life-changing moment for my grandpa and afterwards he became a significant person for Korea and me. At that time, it wasn't common to study abroad as we do now, and to be successful. Living in New York was a great opportunity for my grandpa to find his own way in the business world. After learning about his life in New York, he became my role model and his accomplishments are an honor for our family.He made me learn that there is nothing impossible even though you are in trouble, unless you don't try hard.
 * Primary Source (written)



On the top left corner is a picture of my grandpa, grandma, my mom, and his friends from NYU. On the top right corner is a family picture in New York. The bottom left picture is my grandpa and mom in a playground in New York. The bottom right picture is again a picture of my grandpa and mom in New York.
 * Primary Source (unwritten)



8/18/11 **The Many Hats of a Historian**