Jin's+World

Welcome to Jin's Wiki Page *Recent assignments will be at the top* Timeline with Kevin Chung: **1979** **December -** The communist government begins in Afghanistan. The Soviet Art starts to invade. The Soviets are attempting to spread communism throughout the world.


 * 1989 -** The Soviet troops finally leaves defeated. On the other hand, the civil war is still present because Najibulluah is about to get thrown off by the Mujahideen. Even though the Soviets gave up, civil war is still going on.


 * 2009 March -** New approach done by new president of United States, Barack Obama by training 4,000 personnel to protect Afghanistan from their 'perilous situation'.


 * 2011 October -** Afghanistan and India signs a partnership to expand cooperation for security and development. This means that India was also interested in the ideology of free-marking and communism


 * 2011 November -** President Karzai made an agreement with the tribal elders of the country. It was to sign a military partnership with United States.

Misses key events and includes relatively insignificant ones. 8.5/10

Due May 23rd: Korean and Vietnam War

10/10

Debate Unit 7 Test media type="youtube" key="K-Dweft5LFk" height="315" width="420"

Due May 21st: The Cold War Read pp. 13-19 in // The Cold War // and on your gallery page answer questions A, B and C on p. 19. //1) Describe in your own words what happened to this house.// The house in the photograph was completely destroyed after the atomic bomb was launched. The 4th photo simply shows that it wiped out everything that was inside the house along with the woods blasting out of their positions. The house was shattered just how a piece of glass shatters so simply over a hard object. By this photo, I was able to understand that the atomic bomb were simply 'bombs' we realize from video games or cartoons. It is actually deadly and serious to people when they get it.
 * A**

//2) Use your imagination to describe what would happen if a whole town was hit by an explosion like this.// If the whole town was hit by an explosion like this, everything would be a disaster. Nobody and nothing would be surviving in that town. As we've watched the clip in class, In just a blink of an eye, everything would be deserted and destroyed by the atomic bomb. Some survivors would also have disabilities due to the radiation after the bombing, which causes more and more people to suffer.

//1) Why do you think these people wanted the government to 'ban the bomb'?// In my point-of-view, I would also want the government to 'ban the bomb' because simply, it is too dangerous and deadly. The existence of the atomic bomb would not allow anybody to live comfortably because they would always be aware of the consequences. After the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, everyone realized that the bomb is not a simple subject to go over with.
 * B**

//2) The picture shows that men and women, young and old, wanted to 'ban the bomb'. Why do you think there was such a wide range of people in CND?// There was such a wide range of people in CND because the weapon is too harmful and dangerous just as I've discussed about. This is a very logical question because no one would want to die so quick and in so much pain if there is such a weapon that could kill them in few seconds. Various people are threatened by the bomb and weren't living very happy due to the atomic bomb causing many of the people to be in the CND.

//1) Look back to chapter 7 on pages 16-17. What arguments were there against banning nuclear weapons?// There were several arguments that were against banning nuclear weapons such as the US trying to be better than the USSR for their weapon. Since, during that time, the USSR were so developed and became a better country, the US had to start something to become better than the USSR. To do this, they needed more and more weapons which meant that they were against banning nuclear weapons (the deadliest bomb of all time).
 * C)**

By George Marshall || Created: 1955 Organization where the USSR formed the Alliance ||
 * ~ United Nations ||~ The Marshall Plan ||~ Warsaw Pact ||
 * Created: June 1945 || Created: 1947
 * 48 nations joined || For reviving the Western Europe since they were destroyed || Various countries in the Eastern Europe ||
 * Goal(s): Protecting the members in the nations against aggression called the Peacekeeping Organization || Goal(s): Resources to recreate the Western Europe. || Goal(s): Alliance system within various countries. ||

// Look at each of the following and decide which was the most significant historical event. Explain your decision in a paragraph on your gallery page. // In my opinion, I think the first moon landing for the United States was the most important historical event. There are many factors that lead to my opinion. First of all, I think this is because the United States finally 'won' the Balance of Terror, or the Great Space Race. They finally over came the USSR because nobody didn't land on the moon before. For the United States, this would've been the most significant accomplishment they've had in history. Even though the Space Race might've been a big issue during that time, I think the first landing of moon would've been the greatest issue during that time since nobody has every landed on another planet before. Because of this, the US is one of the most developed countries of all time.

// In The Cold War purple book, skim pp1-11 (most of this should be review, so just focus on "filling in the gaps" from your textbook reading and the class lecture, and on your gallery page, list 5 underlying causes of the Cold War. //

1) The Atomic Bomb 2) The western allies did not forget the agreement that Stalin had made with Hitler and suspected that he might make a separate peace with Germany. The Allies were fighting together against Germany however, there were some small arguments or a 'friction' between them. 3) The Marshall Plan 4) The Postdam Conference 5) USSR's war against Germany

10/10

Due May 18th: The Post-War World
 * Venn Diagram will be handed in as hardcopy.**

In my opinion, I do not think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes. My reason for this is because even though the Nazis and Japanese did commit crimes, I don't think the Allies can simply try them since other countries also committed many different crimes. One thing that we shouldn't forget is the leaders of the other nations creating an act during the WWII. Of course, the Nazis and Japanese did create horrible crimes during the WWII where they attacked countries without a real 'good' reason. I also think that it wasn't right for Allies to try them because some of them might not've been guilty. I think it would've been better to carry the punishment elsewhere rather than try them during the WWII. Since the Allies have too many things to take care of, it would've been a better choice to punish them some other moment.
 * "Do you think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes? Explain your thinking." **

I do not have your Venn diagram? 6/10 FOUND IT! 10/10

Due May 16th: The Holocaust

__Twins__ It was sad to see what the Nazis have done even to little girls during the holocaust. Even these two twins from the clip were forced to be deported from Transylvania to Auschwitz. I did not even imagine the Nazi's touching little children, in fact, they were actually hurting them with experiments and be told to look 'healthy'. The experiments is also said that the children could not children in the future which I think is the worse thing I've ever have heard. They weren't even able to create a lovely family that everyone wishes to make.

__Brothers__ I was very shocked to hear that Uri Chanoch was beaten and abused by the Nazis just by the fact that his younger brother had fled. This I think is ridiculous because the Nazis made people to forget the word 'love'. Even though Uri and his brother met, it was so sad to imagine that the two brothers could not even hug or kiss after they've confronted death.

__Mordecai Eldar__ In the beginning of the clip it said that 'there were hundreds of people [in the tent]. I wouldn't call them living people.' The people there weren't knowing the meaning of life and lost hope of it. The bad influence of the Nazis were also affecting their lives which is a torture for them. I can imagine rocks carried by the men would feel like they were in hell. Furthermore, I think the people's memory of the tortures are nailed somewhere inside their heart. The picture of the dry and skinny people also crushed the emotions inside me meaning that they only have bread and soup to walk the endless trip. However, in the end, I was glad to hear that he stood up to serve his country and build a powerful army. He did not give up even though there were so many hardships during his life.

__Zanne Farbstein__ It was starting to become a usual routine for the Nazis behavior towards the Jews and it wasn't that surprising to hear that Zanne was tortured throughout the life in Auschwitz. However, when I heard that the people there were burned alive, I had to replay that a few times to actually listen to that scene. It was so shocking to hear that actual alive people were burned like the food we eat today. Again, she had the moment of confronting death and that it was her turn to die next. She was amazed by the fact that she was walking right now and I think the same way also.

It was the first time to figure out that some people and children moved camps various times. They worked next to 2,000 degree ovens which would even make me run away right when I even have to step in. They were tortured and were close to die where I thought that our days today are nothing compared to children at that time. We all complain about the work we have to do, about the amount sleep we need, about going to school but after watching this video, I think our hardships nothing compared to theirs.
 * __Yaakov Hollander__**

The people that we've met throughout these videos all have pain in their eyes. They have scars and memories that they cannot get rid of. It was shocking to hear that this woman had to bury the dead bodies the Nazi actually killed. It would be a torture within the mind rather than physical torture to her. On the other hand, I was glad to hear that she found a new life by becoming a midwife.
 * __Sophie Engelsman__**

It was so depressing to hear that Eva lost her identity by the holocaust. She had various experience through life but had dreadful ones. I can see through her eyes that she could not be herself because she was just like everybody else during holocaust. Maybe the soul from her body was somewhat 'rotting' because she lost her human characteristics.
 * __Eva Brown__**

Why the change in font to bold? 10/10

Due May 14th: Allied Victory in the Pacific

8) Battle of Leyte Gulf
 * - Battle that held in the the Philippines**
 * - Allies gained victory through the loss of power of Japan**

9) Battle of Okinawa
 * - Battle between America and Japan, Okinawa**
 * - Americans kept their power with Japan's loss**

10) Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
 * - Americans bombing Japan with atomic bombs**
 * - Event where the war between Japan and America subsided with Japan's surrender**


 * //Bernard Montgomery//**
 * Bernard Montgomery is an army officer who beat the German army. He was the one to push Rommel out of Africa. He also was the one to lead the Allied victory of the Battle of El Alamein and also for the D-Day. Bernard Montgomery was one of the heroes in the U.S where he brought various victories for his country.**


 * //Dwight Eisenhower//**
 * Dwight Eisenhower is a U.S. general in the WWII. He was successful in many ways of leading the United States where he brought the Allies to western Europe. He had another great accomplishment of being the 34th president of the United States.**


 * //__Skill Builder- Interpreting Charts__//**
 * //Comparing WWI and WWII://**
 * 1) Which of the nations listed in the chart suffered the greatest human costs?**
 * The USSR suffered the greatest human costs. 13,600,000 military killed or missing. 7,720,000 civilians killed.**


 * 2) How does the U.S. spending on the war compare with the spending of Germany and Japan?**
 * U.S. spent much more money than Germany and Japan. US spent 7 times more than Japan and about $80 billion more than Germany.**


 * //__Skill Builder- Interpreting Graphs__//**
 * //What factors may have contributed to the increased number of deaths in World War II over World War I?//**
 * As we can see, there are far more deaths during the WWII rather than the WWI. I think there are many factors that lead to this problem. First of all, I think that the increase of technology such as the radar, created by the GB, and the various weapons that were developed over time. As countries got a lot stronger and powerful, obviously, their weapons did get powerful for them to defend and attack. Aircrafts were also developed which made countries beneficial to attack in the air. Bombs were deadly for the opponents where many died in just a simple blow. In conclusion, most men died during the WWII compared to the WWI because the worldwide weapon technology has grown so much over the period of WWI and the WWII.**


 * //__Document-Based Questions__//**
 * 1) Under what conditions did the Polish refugees flee from the Germans?**
 * I think the Polish refugees fled from the Germans because of the harsh conditions. Many of the families were separated from their children or parents and also money wasn't enough for them causing them to live in conditions that were awful.**


 * 2) Judging from the photograph, what was the government's attitude toward Japanese Americans?**
 * The government's attitude toward Japanese Americans were strict and has changed their attitudes towards them suddenly. As you can see from the photograph, the American soldiers told the Japanese Americans to stay in a straight line facing them. The Americans were acting like this because of the Pearl Harbor incident which made the Japanese to sent to internment camps located in the western U.S.**


 * 10/10**

Due May 10th: A: Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects

1) Battle of Alamein 2) Operation Torch 3) Battle of Stalingrad 4) Invasion of Italy 5) Propaganda campaigns on home fronts 6) D-Day Invasion 7) Battle of Bulge** - Germany lost to the Americans with the Allied forces - The Allies were protecting America - Germany stepped back and knew that Hitler lost most of his men
 * - Defeat for Rommel**
 * - Caused Germany's power to move west**
 * - Allowed the Allies to kick the German forces out of North America**
 * - Germans and Italians did not have any more control over the Mediterranean Sea**
 * - Nazi lost most of their control by the Operation Torch**
 * - Crushed all of Rommel's power in North America**
 * - Start of the Allied power**
 * - Pushed Germany towards the west**
 * - Russia had the victory**
 * - Hitler lost Italy's support**
 * - Germany lost most of their powers**
 * - Italy was no longer supporting Germany**
 * - Allies got support from the Home Front**
 * - Encouraged various countries to volunteer**
 * - People began to volunteer for support, working, and also war supplies**
 * - Another retreat for Germany**
 * - Position of Germany was getting worse**
 * - Allies got confidence and were ready to crush them**

// How is the same history conveyed so differently in these two videos? Which do you think is more "true": the Hollywood dramatization or the documentary? // The same history is conveyed so differently in both videos. And we are able to notice that the first clip was much more appealing to the soldiers situation during the war instead of what simply happened during the WWII. The video was concentrated on the POV of each soldiers feelings and the video was more concentrated on the emotions that were happening during the war. On the other hand, the second video was more like a documentary where they just show what happened during the war. Through the clip, the WWII did not seem so bad. One example would be the beginning where a soldier was simply smiling and putting life vests on a puppy. The scene did not look very serious nor emotional. Everything seemed so normal for the soldiers at war. I think the Hollywood dramatization is more "true" because the audience are able to notice what the actual WWII is about. Even though it is not a primary source, I think it gives a better understanding to the audience that war during that time was cruel and violent.

10/10

Due May 9th: War on the Home Front

//The fairness/unfairness of the Japanese internment// On the time where the U.S. was bombed with the Japanese in Pearl Harbor, Japan was considered dangerous or we can say that they were suspicious. Even we, normal humans, would suspect other when they surprisingly attacked or did bad things. It was the same situation where Japan attacked America without any notification and it mostly caused other countries along with the U.S. to expect a second attack from the Japanese. However, I think the internment was unfair because America did what Germany did to the Jews. They made the Japanese starve, die, and suffer by their power. America's actions were somewhat similar to Germany where they made violent actions to the other (Japanese) citizens. I think this would cause more anger within Japan where they would hate the Americans from being so cruel to them.

// What wartime images do you recognize from your study of the war? //
I recognize the Nazi symbole when Donald the Duck was working the factory. In fact, the Nazi symbols were placed pretty much everywhere: drums, arms, and uniforms. I also saw Hitler's face on the wall by picture frames and also I think when Donald the Duck reaches his arm out is also a wartime symbol.

// What are some of the messages of this cartoon? //
I think the message of this cartoon is the Germany was very obsessed with the Nazi's ruling. Workers had to obey and also show respect to them by reaching their arms out and yelling his name. I also noticed that the Nazi's were threats to the workers that work 24/7. The threats were indicated with the knives held out few times Donald the Duck was working.

// Why do you think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war? //
I think they produced these cartoons during the war because they wanted to let the public know that the Nazi were very powerful. I think they wanted to show that war is not the answer even though the war that was held in that time was so serious. I also think that by that time, America was like heaven for the people because Donald the Duck was so glad to see the Statue of Liberty on his bedside table meaning that he gained some freedom from the Nazi's threat.

2. Political Cartoon for the Home Front //What is in the cartoon? Explain the symbolism you see.// I see many different labels that are indicated in the boxes and the packages. I also see Uncle Sam, who symbolizes America, placing scrap papers into the processing machine which says 'USA Salvage Program'. I think all of these were to show the viewer that America's support to the war. Since the condition during the wartime period was very harsh and violent, this cartoon was to show that America is not neutral like before.

//What is the intended message of the cartoon?// The intended message, in my opinion, was that the citizens and workers in America highly supports the soldiers that are attending the war. To do this, they were to send war weapons such as missiles and ammunitions to the soldiers in America. They are also encouraging the soldiers at war and increasing their morale.

=
3. Life on the Home front in Britain exploration... Go to [|this site] and click on each topic area to learn about life in Britain during the war. For each of the following topics, write down 3 significant pieces of information. You may do this on your gallery page, or as a hard copy. ======

//Children at war//
1) Over 3,500,000 people evacuated to safe places from the German bombing 2) Most people did not know what they were actually doing. Some children were even happy to leave 3) Barry and Mary did not get on the train. They refused to leave and were afraid to evacuate.

//Rationing//
1) Every family were to register with a shop where the food would be brought. 2) Each family members had their own ration book. 3) Foods such as rice, jam, biscuits, tinned and dried food were rationed by points

//Women at war//
1) There were less people in factories so they stopped women be in the Armed Forces. They can work in factories. 2) Some women had to become Air Raid Wardens 3) The WVS (Women's Voluntary Service) was one of the largest wartime service.

//Messages of war//
1) Most propaganda posters were for persuading men to join the army. 2) Children were on the streets most of the time so some posters said to make them stay in safe places. 3) The propaganda posters encouraged people to stay strong and that the hard times will pass by sometime.

10/10

Due May 7th: Japan Seeks to Build a New Empire Read the assigned textbook pages. Guided reading will be handed in as hard copy.
 * Note on May 7th D Block: Mr. Brayko signed my hard copy saying it was done.

//Short Descriptions of the Cartoons// Picture 1) This cartoon is a scene during the League of Nations. It was to break up the conflict between Japan and China (Manchuria). In this case, everyone is depending on Uncle Sam symbolized as America to solve the problem. We can see that the League of Nation was trying to stop conflicts.

Picture 2) This cartoon shows the Point of View from Japan where they think the western countries such as the U.S. and Great Britain are having too much benefits from the eastern countries while they (westerns) don't do much. I think the cartoon is titled as 'Let Others Sweat and Toil' because the Japanese and Asian countries are doing all the work for the Westerns.

Picture 3) This picture symbolizes Japan holding a Treaty signed by the League of Nations that was burning. I think this means that Japan does not care what the League of Nations tries to do and that they will not obey it.

Picture 4) This last cartoon shows how the Japanese is fighting Australia. The Kangaroo is symbolized as Australia that is armed with weapon and they are ready to fight army from the New Guinea. The fallen objects behind the Kangaroo means that they are fully ready to join the war.

// 1) Why did Japan attack the United States of America? Provide evidence from the source below in your answer. // Japan attacked the U.S. because the U.S kept opposed Japan from expanding and only supported China when Japan tried to invade. Some evidence of U.S' action was the Hoover-Stimson Doctrine where U.S. condemned Japan's invasion of Manchuria. Also, the U.S. did not support Japan when they tried to expand to China. They did not ship war materials to countries at war when they were trying to expand. The U.S. did all sorts of actions that did not specifically support the Japanese. In this case, of course, Japan would dislike U.S. and would end up attacking them.

//2) Read this [|article] about Pearl Harbor. Briefly summarise the key events of the attack (before, during and after). (User ID is kis, PW is welcome) // In December 7, 1941, Japanese fighter pilots attacked the U.S. naval base at //Pearl Harbor (Hawaii).// It was a surprise attack by the Japanese without any declaration of war and forced the U.S. to end its neutral stance after the WWII and join the Allies. Earlier, the Japanese government started a two-pronged strategy where they wanted to expand Japan through Asia. Under the leadership of Isoroku Yamamoto, Japan started to attack the Pearl Harbor for disabling the U.S. fleet. On the day of the invasion, Japan was placed 275 miles north of Hawaii however they were detected by the U.S. radars. The U.S. thought it was a fleet from their side since their technology were new and as a result, the Japanese invaded Hawaii without any declaration. Before the bombs hit the land, the U.S. quickly responded with soldiers hurrying to reach whatever weapon they can use. However, things weren't as easy as they thought and many of their battleships and soliders were destroyed. Along with dozens of aircrafts and 21 ships were blown up leading to the worst condition of Hawaii in history.

10/10

Due May 2nd: The Battle of Britain

//Questions from the podcast// 1) What was Operation Sea Lion? Hitler's planned invasion of Great Britain

2) Why did the battle not look good for Britain? The British army was forced out of Europe and left all their weapons behind and the Germans invaded through the air (using air forces).

3) What advantage did Britain have? Britain would not leave without a fight. They had radars which would seek out and detect anything that are near their territory.

4) What was Germany's mistake? Hitler should not have bombed Great Britain (London) in response to the RAFs bombing Berlin even though it was a little damage.

5) What was the impact of the bombing of London? How did the bombing of London aid Britain's cause? Hundreds of British civilians were dead and many factories and houses were damaged. However, it gave time for the RAF to rebuild airfields and aircrafts.

6) Why was the outcome of the battle of Britain significant for the Allies? Even though Great Britain and Germany lost most of their air forces, Great Britain had higher expectations or a hope for Europe to fight of Germany which was one of the strongest country by then. And GB increased their morale to the foreign countries that they can also fight off Germany if they had to.

// Article and Video Paragraph Response // __ How were the British able to hold off the German invasion when their military was weaker? __ As we all know, Britain and Germany were one of the strongest, powerful, and the most intelligent countries in the world. Both their militaries were powerful and they had useful weapons to fight off enemies. Their strengths were shown to the world when Germany invaded Great Britain. By that time, Great Britain was not as strong as Germany however, the country had sheer determination to support their country even though they were able to run away. The King and Queen of GB is an example where they could have left their country when Germany started to bomb the heart of London. They acted differently where they stood on their foot and whats even more was that they encouraged the citizens to be brave. Another reason why Great Britain was able to fend off Germany was that they had the first ever radar which can detect enemy air force in the air. It helped them receive an early head-up for defending the city when Germany's army were nearby.

Notes on podcast? 8/10

Due May 1st: Section 1 Assessment #2 and Paragraph Answering #8


 * **Cause** || **Effect** ||
 * First Blitzkrieg || Blitzkrieg was the new military strategy of the Germans. It was a form of warfare in which surprise attacks with quick airplanes are followed by large attacks with infantry forces. The ‘lightning war’ was another name for it and the German invasion of Poland was the first ever test of this kind of strategy or method. It helped Germany gain control of other countries very quickly. It also did not allow the Allies to protect Poland which was mainly attacked by the Germans. ||
 * Allies Stranded at Dunkirk || Many other countries (mostly the Allies) were trapped by the hands of the German forces by the end of May 1940. It was near the northern French city of Lille. They were outnumbered and in a weak state which caused them to retreat to the beaches of Dunkirk (French port city near the Belgian border). Soon, the most heroic acts of the war was made by Great Britain where they set out to rescue the army. They saved about 338,000 soldiers to safety. ||
 * Lend-Lease Act || Under the Lend-Lease Act which was passed in March 1941, the president could lend or lease arms and other supplies to any country vital to the United States. This was different than before 1941 when the Neutrality Acts of America caused it illegal to sell arms to the nations that were in war. By the summer of 1941, the U.S. Navy was escorting British ships that were carrying U.S. arms. On the other hand, Hitler ordered his submarines to sink any cargo ships that they encountered. ||

I think, from the events listed above, the event where the Allies were Stranded at Dunkirk was considered a turning point for the Allies because they experienced the bitter acts the German decided to do to the Allies. They understood that Germany wasn’t like the old Germany and that they were much stronger than before. I think that It also made them realize that they should always be ready for war which allowed the Allies to build up more power to fight the Germans.

Napoleon and Hitler was one of the strongest among the strongest leaders of France and Germany. They both created a vast and wide events of history due to their leadership during their ruling. However, both leaders were similar in invading Russia because they all created a downfall to their future. It was negatively impacted rather than being a plus to the country. This was because both were impacted by the “scorched-earth policy” as we’ve learned earlier during the year. It was where one country, in this case Russia, had to destroy anything that would be useful for the enemy before advancing or withdrawing from an area. Both leaders had similar consequences where they both mostly lost everything during their march and that they suffered the terrible winter in Russia. All food and resources weren’t enough for the millions of soldiers and the result was violent where many of their soldiers died.
 * 8) How were Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union Similar?**

10/10

Due April 30th: Notes from Hitler's Germany (21-25)
 * Hitler and Europe:**

__A) Hitler's foreign policy aims__ 1. The Treaty of Versailles - Hitler aimed to tear up the Treaty of Versailles which brought an end to the Great War of 1914-18. - The treaty blamed Germany for starting the war - Took away huge amounts of land, money and materials from Germany, and cut her armed forces to the bare minimum

2. The union of all Germans in Germany - Wanted to unite all Germans in a single country - To do this, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland would have to be under his control

3. The conquest of lebensraum - To provide Germany with what he called lebensraum ('living space') - Thought Germany was over crowded with the lack of food and raw materials - Solution: taking over the rich farmlands and mines of countries to the east (Russia and Poland)

__B) Hitler's rearmament of Germany__ - 1934: Hitler started to give secret orders for the armed forces to expand. These were all forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles: - Army was treble from 100,000 to 300,000 men. - Navy was to build two 'pocket battleships' ad six submarines. - Hermann Goering was to create an air force and secretly train pilots in civilian flying clubs. -1935: Hitler cast off the cloak of secrecy and announced in public that there would be compulsory military service and that the army would be built up tot 550,000 men. - Neighboring countries started to become allies with Germany in case they were attacked too. (Britain, France, Italy)

__C) The remilitarisation of the Rhineland, 1936__ - 1936: Hitler ordered his army to march into the Rhineland. - He placed his army within 50 kilometers from the River Rhine. - Britain and France agreed to when Germany started to enter the Rhineland. - Britain did not help France in the fight and France also resigned from the battle since they did not want to fight single-handed

__D) Hitler's alliances__ 1. The Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936 - Hitler made an agreement in 1936 with Benito Mussolini (dictator of Italy). They decided to work closely together in foreign affairs and created an agreement called the Rome-Berlin Axis. - Caused Hitler to have a powerful ally in Europe.

2. The Anti-Comintern Pact, 1936 - Another agreement between Germany and Japan. The Anti-Comintern Pact gave Hitler an ally on the other side of the world.

3. Help for Franco in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-9 - When civil war began in Spain, he sent his best air force unit, the Condor Legion, to fight on the side of the nationalist General Franco. When Spain would win the war, they would become allies with Germany.

__E) The Anschluss with Austria, 1938__ - 1938: Hitler felt strong enough to plan a union, or anschluss, with Austria. - His aim was to unite all German-speaking people in one country however it was forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles. - Hitler tried to unite with Austria by threatening the Austrian government for them to give power to Hitler. - Austria asked for help from Britain, Italy, and France - Unfortunately, they did not and they eventually had to resign. As a result, the Nazi leader took over Austria.

__F) The take-over of Czechoslovakia, 1938-9__ 1. The Sudetenland Crisis, 1938 - Hitler's plans annexed half of Czechoslovakia starting from Sudetenland a city where most Germans lived. - Hitler tries to invade but fails - Chamberlain used appeasement to give Hitler Sudetenland and put an end to it - Hitler threatens Czechs with war

2. The Munich Conference, 1938 - Chamberlain tries to peacefully resolve with Hitler in the Munich Conference - Hitler promised not to threaten other countries for the Sudetenland

3. The invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1939 - 1939: German's army marched into the rest of Czechoslovakia and made the western half a part of Germany. Poland and Hungary took the rest.

__G) The Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939__ - Hitler tried to take over the Polish Corridor so Britain and France agrees to stop Hitler. - Nazi-Soviet Pact: meant that Hitler could invade the Polish Corridor without worrying about Russia.

10/10

Due April 25th: Notes from Hitler's Germany (two chapters):

His Life up to 1933 - Born in 1899, Austria (Braunau) - Failed school at the age of sixteen. Mostly listened to music, read books and painted pictures - Got rejected from the Vienna Art Academy. - Started on odd jobs: cleaning carpets or sweeping snow in the winter. Painted postcards to sell in the sreets - Started to hate foreign races (Jewish) - He did not wanted to do national services so he left Austria and went to Germany - As a solider, he got an Iron Cross for volunteering for the Germany national service - Leader of Nazi Party even after the war was over and became a powerful ruler with hatred towards Jews and Communists - Citizens strong agreed with Hitler's ideas because they were in bad conditions.
 * Adolf Hitler-**

His Ideas - Most of his ideas were found in Mein Kampf: book where he wrote in prison in 1924 - Mostly said something such as: - The country must be ruled and led by a powerful leader - Communism is dangerous so it too must be destroyed - The Treaty of Versailles which was signed in 1919, is unfair - Some races are superior than others

His Appeals - Many people thought that Hitler could hypnotise audiences when he made speeches meaning that he was very skilled in talking and giving speeches.

Obstacles - His first steps to dictatorship were the most difficult because Germany was a democracy so Hitler could only make laws if the Reichstag, which belonged to parties which opposed to him, agreed to him.
 * The Road to Dictatorship-**

The Elections of March 1933 - General election to be held in March 1933: hoping that the Nazi Party would win a landslide victory w/ a majority of the seats in the Reichstag. - Marianus van der Lubbe (communist) was caught on the scene with matches and fire-lighters in his pockets - The Law for the Protection of the People and State banned Communists and Socialists from taking part in the election campaign. - Result: Hitler and Nazis won just under half the vote. Persuading new Reichstag to agree to an Enabling Law (letting Hitler to make laws without asking the Reich stag for tis consent. - Hitler could do what he liked to his opponents without having to worry about what Hindenburg thought of them.

Germany becomes a one-party state - Hitler used the power of the Enabling Law to get rid of anything or anyone that limited his authority. - April 7, 1933: put Nazi officials in charge of the local governments - May 2, 1933: closed down trade unions, took away their funds and put their leaders in prison. - July 14, 1933: made Law against the Formations of New Parties- Nazi Party was the only party allowed to exist in Germany.

The 'Night of the Long Knives' - Germany turned into a one party state, but soon Hitler had problems to deal with in the Nazi Party itself. - Ernst Roehm was in charge of of two million Storm Troopers. Hitler feared Roehm being the strongest man in Germany. - Killed him and replaced the SA to the SS force.

Hitler becomes Fuehrer - Hitler immediately took over President Hindenburg's place and gave himself the title 'Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor'. - August 2, 1934: the officers and men of the army swore that they will follow Adolf Hitler and listen to his words. - Germans with the power to oppose Hitler (soldiers with guns) had sworn their lives away to him.

10/10

Oral Quiz #4: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XNDoA4jmrf8 You do seem to have a good understanding of Fascism and how Korean Fascism would have unique characteristics. You need to connect the idea of "having been cheated" with the idea of nationalism and Fascism. I'd like you to organize your thoughts better so that your presentation flows better. 9.5/10

Oral Quiz #3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwmStig2F1o

I'd like to see you shift away from broad generalizations to making statements which are more solidly grounded in historical facts. 8.5/10

Due April 17:
 * Station 1:**

Headline Title #3: The Great Depression Leading People to Inferno Thesis Statement: In only a single day, 16 billion dollars were wasted causing millions of people to their downfall and after all, the Great Depression starting to rise.
 * Station 2:**

Topic Sentence 1: Americans are losing all of their precious jobs and is driving them to chaos. Topic Sentence 2: Unemployed men are begging for positions in the American Employment Bureau. Topic Sentence 3: Economy declined rapidly and is causing a lot of people to search for food and also sell their houses.

Headline Title #2: The End of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Thesis Statement: October twenty ninth, the Black Tuesday, is continuing to cause millions of people to lose their job, starve, and suffer in a blink of an eye.

Topic Sentence 1: America had less possibilities of getting these kind of major downfalls since they were one of the strongest countries during that time. Topic Sentence 2: American had lost hope of getting rich quickly because all of their money are lost. Topic Sentence 3: The NYSE created all the cruel lives for individual people and the collapse of the American economy also led to failure to farms and lands.

Notes Taken
 * Station 3:**

How does the NYSE "create cruel lives"? This needed a bit more care. 9/10

Oral Quiz 2 April 16: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR5T0Mddcgk&feature=youtu.be

Okay, I remember now that you had a different question from everyone else, rebutting someone who thought that China had always been a "superpower". 9.5/10

Due April 11: Chinese and Japanese Imperialism China was in unrest and wanted to modernize China so it could regain power. A group that stood out the most was called the Kuomintang, or Nationalist Party. Before the treaty of Versailles, Sun had three main principles: wanting political and economic rights for all Chinese people and an end to foreign control over China. During the WWI, China was supporting the Allies. They declared war on Germany however, when the war ended, China was disappointed because they did not receive freedom from foreign influence. Instead, The Treaty of Versailles changed masters where the parts controlled by Germany were given to Japan. The consequences of this was enormous where China was very angry by this decision, causing rebels to look for Marxism and the Russian Revolution to solve China's problems. For this be accomplished, the communist party in China was organized along with one of the leader called Mao Zedong and also Jiang Jieshi, the leader of the Kuomintang. After the Civil war, when Jiang Jieshi was the president, the Communists under Mao Zedong moved to the south-central China to create an army of peasants that were against Jiang's forces. Although Jiang's army surrounded them, the Communists survived however, Japan invaded the part of China called Manchuria. The invasion was long and violent which carried on for about 6 years. Since China was suffering so much, they both joined together to fight Japan.
 * Station 1: How did the Treaty of Versailles add to China's problems? **

What is the first thing that comes in your mind when you think of Japan? Well of course, there are a lot of good products and electronic goods produced by Japan however, there is a long and deep history within our neighboring country. Japan started out weak and was considered one of the minorities from the 1600s. It's isolation did not seriously affect the countries over the world. However, they're power rised to the peak around 1850 due to the deals held with powerful European nations. Emperors and rulers modernized Japan and in just few years, Japan was one of the strongest countries in the world with the most powerful military power in Asia. Deals were made between foreign countries and soon Japan did not feel any different from powerful nations such as Europe. Eventually, Japan wanted to show their power by defeating Russia over the Manchurian territory. Various nations were surprised by Japan's development and soon Japan attacked our land, Korea. They gained total the control over us with harsh ruling and also unfair rights by changing schools along with spreading the Japanese history. Our people, during that time, was treated harsh by the country which now seems friendly and beneficial.
 * Station 2: Create a Chapter**

I would imagine adding a picture that would symbolize Japan annexing Korea with a map. The image will have Japan part of Korea. It will mean that Japan was spreading their history, language, education, and resources to the Koreans. The picture will have Korea's land with the flag fading away by the annexation of Japan. Since the Korean history and education was being over righted by the Japanese I think this kind of image would allow the viewer to easily understand what the image is about.





According to the videos that I watched, I think Mao was a better national leader than Stalin. Although he did bad things for his country, he was the one that led the long march (6000 miles for supplies). He was hero for the march and was the number one at the end of the long march. It is also interesting that Stalin engineered Mao's rise to the top even though he was hated. He was one of the most cleverest person by outsmarting other countries and was also very strategic. Although Stalin was also considered as clever, he did not make the correct choices and have never've thought about being tortured like the citizens in Russia. However, Mao also had evil thoughts such as death being beneficial for the lands. Even though his goal was to make China a better country, his determination was too strong or I think made it an obsession to him.
 * Station 3: Was Mao a better or worse national leader than Stalin? **

You weren't actually supposed to find the images you would include in your "textbook"-- just the explanation as you did for the map you would include. What captions would you include with these photographs? 9/10

media type="youtube" key="tTYrkhmO7p8" height="315" width="420"
 * Oral Quiz April 10th:**

Organization of your thoughts needs to be better in order to give the full "story" in a logical and comprehensive manner. A good first effort though. 9/10

Due April 10: The Russian Revolution in 1917 had many different factors to be formed. Since 1881, the new czar (Alexander III) cracked down on anyone who seemed to threaten his government. This meant that people had various conflicts and difficulties during the lives in Russia. Just as his son, Nicholas II, became the czar, He launched a program for building Russia's industry. Although they were leading producers of various resources, it brought problems such as poor working conditions, low wages, and children being forced to work. Obviously, some people were enraged by this act so revolutionary groups began to form in 1903. As the chaos continued, Russia had a huge defeat by the Japans. Eventually since the czar lost control of Russia, he was forced to step down along with execution. Even though Nicholas II was executed, things weren't totally settled down which made Lenin return to Russia to bring the revolution .Lenin's act surely brought the official Russian revolution along with his main slogan was "Peace, Land, and Bread" which soon expanded over most of the country.
 * Station 1: Overview of the Russian Revolution**

Now, upload a podcast on your gallery page in which you explain whether Stalin was a good guy or a bad guy, and why. media type="file" key="Joseph Stalin Podcast - Jin.mp3" width="240" height="20"
 * Station 2: Primary and Secondary Sources (Video)**

1) What is the message that this poster is trying to get out to the Russian people? The message this poster is trying to tell us is that Leninism is a success and better choice for anyone who opposes to it (enemies). It would be a success even though various people will have different social classes or jobs. The poster is also trying to convince people to be under Leninism and be united.
 * Station 3: Tools to Persuade and Motivate (Propaganda)**

2) Do you find this piece of propaganda to be compelling? Why or Why Not? I think this is pretty much compelling the viewer because the poster has confidence and responsibility about the act of being under Leninism. To represent their obedience for Lenin, they are holding up a huge flag that has Lenin's face. It also caught my attention since it showed deep and mysterious meanings behind the items shown on the propaganda. In some ways, it attracts or convinces the viewer to think that Lenin is a good leader through the four people that are holding up the flag. Since those 4 people are different races, I also thought that Lenin is not a racist and want all people to be united.

3) Make your own propaganda poster designed to make viewers adopt your viewpoint on one of the following issues: school uniforms; freedom of speech; hagwons: Hard Copy

Due Apr. 6: Treaty of Versailles Question The Treaty of Versailles reflected the personalities such as selfishness within the leaders of the various nations. Since all countries wanted large quantities of resources along with good qualities, selfishness couldn't be hidden from the public. The Treaty of Versailles is an agreement between the Allies and Germany saying that Germany would obey all words from the Allies. Many agreements were held between Germany and France since France had control over Germany's acts. Because of this, Germany suffered a lot through losing resources and also generally following all of the rules declared from France. Furthermore, many other countries wanted lands and resources. However, the US was different where they did not want anything from other countries since their economy was getting better and better. Instead, they tend to create the League of Nations for avoid wars in the future.
 * How did the Treaty of Versailles reflect the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I?**

Comparison of the Two Poems (With Kevin Chung): The message for "In Flanders Fields" demands soldiers to take on the responsibility of the dead for fighting for their own country. Similar to "In Flanders Fields", "Dulce et Decorum" encourages the audience to fight for one's country.

Due Feb 17 (End of Class):

THE IMPACT OF NATIONALISM for the common good
 * Positive Results || Negative Results ||
 * - People are able to overcome their differences

- The colonial rule is overthrown

- Democratic governments resulted in nations around the world

- Scientific and technological advances were spurred by competition among nations || - Outcome of assimilation of minority cultures into majority culture

- Ethnic Cleansing in 1990 by Bosnia and Herzegovina

- Rise of extreme nationalistic movements (Nazism)

- Competitions among nations that lead to warfare. ||

I think nationalism has had a more positive impact on the world. The reason for my opinion is because it created people to nation together rather than uniting with others. This can be a negative thought but I think the system of being loyal to they country (nation) is a better system than being united which can cause conflicts among themselves. Moreover, in 1990, countries started to break away from another country to find nationalism. Through these activities, countries started to create languages, names, and cultures that were related to their nation. I think this is a better way to express one nation's unique character rather than bunching up in large groups. In this way, the world would be more organized and have freedom.
 * Do you think nationalism has had a more positive or negative impact on the world? Support your opinion with evidence.**



TYPES OF NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS: The three types of Nationalistic movement are Unification, Separation, and State-Bulding. First of all, Unification is a Nationalistic movement where groups are politically divided but contains similar lands in a cultural way. Countries that used this movement was Germany and Italy in the 19th century. Second is Separation where groups are culturally distinct but are being added to a state or become free. Greeks and French-speack Canadians were countries that used Separation. Last is State-building where the groups are culturally distant and where they form into a new state. To do this, they accept a single culture such as the United States and Turkey.
 * 1) Using the table above, explain the characteristics of each type of Nationalistic movement in your own words.**

I think during the rise of nationalism, the Austrian and Ottoman Empire went through these Nationalist Movements also. They could have changed their areas where they had been to nationalize and stand out (to be loyal to) for their nation. I believe they would separate and undergoing difficult movements which would cause them to have rebellions against them. These powerful empires could have fallen apart by going through the procedures of Nationalism.
 * 2) What do you think would have happened to the empires (e.g. Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire) during the rise of nationalism?**

KEY SKILL: ANALYZING POLITICAL CARTOON The cartoonist uses a boot as to symbolize Italy. The boot is being placed on Victor Emmanuel II the king of Sardinia Garibaldi is portrayed as an old man that is a low class. His pose displays that he is much lower class than Victor Emmanuel II. He is kneeling down to put the boot into Emmanuel's foot. He also placed his sword down which is a symbol for his class and is willing to serve him. The title of the cartoon which is "Right Leg in the Boot at Last” displays that Italy will be unified and ruled by a King. The phrase "at last" shows the cartoonist's point of view where he has been waiting for this moment for a long time.
 * 1) What symbol does the cartoonist use for the soon-to-be nation of Italy?**
 * 2) How is Garibaldi portrayed?**
 * 3) What does the title of the cartoon say about the cartoonist’s view of Italian unification?**

CASE STUDY: GERMANY __1) Create a flow chart that shows the key events that led the unification of Germany__ __2) Looking at the map on page 263, answer the two geography skillbuilder questions.__ Prussia ended dividing into Westphalia and the East and West Prussia which was far away from Westphalia. After 1865, the largest expansion of the Prussian territory is in 1871 when the South Germain states joined Prussia to build up the Germain Empire
 * 1) What was unusual about the territory of Prussia as it existed in 1865?**
 * 2) After 1865, what year was the biggest expansion of Prussia territory?**

__3) Design a national symbol for the newly formed Germany. Include symbols that best represent the spirit or values of the German people at this time. Write a short paragraph explaining your symbol and its significance.__ My symbol consists of three major parts. One is the Black Eagle which represents the emperor of Germany. Second is the sword that crosses each other on the top of the eagle. It displays the German army where they've fought many other countries to become one of the most powerful country in Europe. Last is the circle that covers all around these two parts. I created the circle to show how united Germany is nowadays. In addition, I tried to create the icon black because it might be a strong color that can represent how solid and powerful the newly formed Germany is.

Please put a line between assignments. Your cartoon analysis is really more description than analysis. What does Garibaldi's position, action, and the placement of his sword MEAN? I very much like the explanation of your German nationalist symbol.

18.5/10

Due Feb 15: Case Assessment Questions __**Terms and Names:**__ Sepoys- Indian (private) troops for the British. They were against British rules Sepoy Mutiny- A mutiny (rebellion) created by the Sepoys Congress Party- A party that was against Britain and became more nationalistic. Monandas K. Gandhi- An important Indian person who spread the idea of non violence and spread the idea of nationalism. Muhammad Ali Jinnah- A person that tried to cooperate the Hindus and Muslims and gain Indian nationalism.

__**Main Ideas:**__ The four factors that contributed to Britain's conquest of India were the quality of the military technology. It was much better than India's. Since large militaries are a big advantage of fighting others, it was beneficial for them to defeat others. Second is the conflicts and conflicts between warring countries over India. Third, the organization of the British which was very united. Finally, the British brought political stability as well as the system of law that was given to India. The cause of the Sepoy Mutiny is because of the British violating the Sepoy's laws and customs. An event that could support this incident was when the British killed pigs and cows just for grease on their guns. However, the pigs and cows were an important religious animals of the Sepoys and caused them to be upset. The main result was because of the direct ruling of the British government. The Congress Party and the Muslim League promoted the Indian independence. India's idea of making men equal to the British helped India to gain Independence. Mohandas Gandhi was an important figure that made others to join the independence movement. These two movements (Congress Party, Muslim League) helped create self governing and independence for India. The four general principles of Gandhi's philosophy was for people to live a simply as possible, never striving for material reward, being tolerant of other religious beliefs, and to devote one's life to the service of others. Jinnah was the one that thought Hindus should work with Muslims for Indian nationalism. It was a devotion of equal rights for the Hindus and Muslim. However, Jinnah's act failed and caused India to divide into present day Pakistan. He was the first leader of Pakistan but died after 13 months when Pakistan gained independence.
 * 1) What were four factors that contributed to Britain's conquest of India?**
 * 2)** **What was the cause of the Sepoy Mutiny and what was its main result?**
 * 3)** **Which groups and ideas promoted the Indian independence?**
 * 4)** **What were the four general principles of Gandhi's philosophy?**
 * 5)** **What role did Jinnah play in the partition of India?**

__**Documents:**__ Documents B, C, E, I are pro-British and A, D, F, G, H, J, K, and L are pro-Indian. Indians that are in the lowest levels of their society would benefit from India's Constitution by guaranteeing them the ability to get employed or get appointed to any office under the state. Also, the "untouchability" which affected the lower classes, was abolished and had forbidden practices. This gave them a bit of a privilege to be citizens of India. The movement of the constitution helped the lower levels because it made them rise up to have chances and equality unlike being treated as animals way before the constitution. The colonization of the British had various positive and negative effects for India. Britain strived to colonize India by improving their railroads, canals, and guiding them to high quality technologies. It helped India to become a better country as well as being a proper constitution. This would be from document H where it displayed the views of freedom and equality of India. Another impact was the British ruling which separated India into two parts. However, according to Mahatma Gandhi, India become more "helpless than she ever was before, politically and economically." This indicates how much India was mostly Britain's country by then and only tried to colonize them for their own good.
 * 6)** **Which of the documents are pro-British in nature? Which ones are pro-Indian?**
 * 7) H****ow would Indians in the lowest levels of their society benefit from India's Constitution as stated in Document H?**
 * 8) U****sing only the information contained in the documents, answer the following question: How would British colonization have a lasting impact on the people of India? Use examples from the documents to support your answer.**

__**Critical Thinking:**__ The causes for the cultural conflict between the British and Indians is that since British thought they can do anything better than Indians, they ended up breaking religious laws such as the pig and cow conflict and also the arrogant act towards the Indians. The positive effects of the British Rule was successful in excelling India's economy and culture. They also modernized the country as well as giving them democracy. Although there were positive affects, there were also negative effects of British Rule. One is that the British caused social inequalities among the Indians and created internal conflicts. The main revolt from the Indian was the British placed themselves in a higher rank than the Indians and caused them to become angry. Gandhi's four general principles were effective in dealing Great Britain because they did not influence violence throughout dealing Britain. Further more, Gandhi's idea of simplicity was very different from Britain's system. The service of others was very distinct from the European countries. Gandhi had said that even if someone believed in a different religion, people should respect them. Muslims demanded a separate nation because of the conflicts between the Congress Party. Since the Congress Party rejected them, Muslims were worried because they were minorities. When they conflict grew bigger, India had to separate into two countries: Pakistan and India. The colony of India broke up into four separate nations because of the different religious practices. After when India and Pakistan broke apart, Jinnah took control of Pakistan. However, he died after only 13 months and caused East Pakistan to gain their independence by naming themselves a new nation called Bangladesh.
 * 9)** **What were the causes of the cultural conflict between the British and the Indians?**
 * 10) Identify both positive and negative effects of British Rule in India**
 * 11) How were Gandhi's four general principles effective in dealing with a much more powerful Great Britain?**
 * 12) For what reasons did Muslims demand a separate nation? **
 * 13) Why did the colony of India break up into four separate nations? **

18/20

Due Feb 13: Assignment from class 13:TASK 1: Watch a student's presentation on the reactions to Imperialism by China and Japan above and take detailed notes. Use the table below. Read [|American Imperialism Overview] to complete the 3rd column.

TASK 2: Find one political cartoon for the impact of imperialism in China, one for the impact on Korea and one for American Imperialism. Include these cartoons in your notes and answers the following questions: Imperialism in China: 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?This image is an anti imperialism cartoon because as you can see, the Europeans are trying to take over China's land but the Chinese emperor is getting angry with this idea. 2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? This image shows that China was very isolated and that they did not want to trade with foreign countries.

3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists?We can see that the Europeans are very selfish and that they want China for their own. To do this, they are planning things out to conquer their land. 4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism?Imperialism can lead to one weak country to loose most of their property since other countries would surround them and take over their land. Imperialism in Korea:

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? This image is anti imperialism because we can see that (by their outfits) the left man (Japan) and the man in the right (Russia) are torturing the man in the middle (Korea). It can symbolize the significance of how crazy imperialism is.

2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? We can clearly see that Korea is a vulnerable country by then. As we reviewed on China's Imperialism, Korea is having the same torture where stronger countries around the world is attacking a weak country such as Korea.

3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? The Japanese and Russian are both struggling and competing to take over Korea and develop the land for their own good.

4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism? We can see that various countries tried to conquer one weak country. The stronger ones won't attack other strong countries instead, they will try to conquer weak countries. Many will have the same ideas so they will end up facing each other to win the land.  Imperialism in America:

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? Different from the other two images, this image is pro imperialism because the large eagle that protects the US shows us that America is safe and well protected from foreign countries.

2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? The native people in the US would feel safe in the United States because it is symbolized as a safe country through the eagle's wings.

3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? Instead of sending people out to conquer other lands, the US seems different where they are trying to defend their land and not get imperialized.

4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism? This tells the audience that protecting and defending one's land would be more beneficial that attacking. In this way, foreign countries have less chance of conquering the US.

TASK 3: Watch the video below but stop at 10:55. Put you answers on your gallery page. 1) Feudalism and mercantilism were two economic systems that preceded capitalism. Review and summarize (in your own words) how they generated wealth. How does capitalism DIFFER from these two systems?Feudalism is an economic system that basically holds lands by fees. On the other hand, mercantilism is a thought where trade generates wealth. These two facts led to capitalism which is a system where there is an expansion in economic growth and provided resources for us. Although these three systems were similar and that feudalism and mercantilism caused capitalism, they are different in some ways. In capitalism markets were owned by individuals or by private people. Although mercantilism is a similar system, they are different because the trading system is balanced rather than capitalism where distributing goods would create more money. 2) According to this lecturer, what forces drive capitalism? There are many forces that drives to capitalism. Since capitalist countries are productive and creative, they tend to become wealthy and successful. It later causes capitalism to excel and carried on farther more. This kind of track would be colonialism. Another force that drives capitalism is imperialism. The violences in imperialism created capitalism to excel and drive through by obtaining resources from other countries.

These are good thoughtful answers. 20/20

Due Feb 9: Assignment from class 12:

The Scramble for Africa
= Task 1:  = Discuss table from the Reading on Imperialism with a partner.

__Task 2: Scramble for Africa__
Take a look at the map below (or online text pp 343) 1) Which countries controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914? The British and the French controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914.

2) Why do you think these countries had the largest area of Africa? This is because Britain and France were the first one to imperialize other countries in Africa through their power and development of their countries.



= Task 3:  = //Watch the video below and continue to add to your notes. Make sure that you include the long term impacts of Colonization as well.// - Conflict officially begins in 1986- Britain divided the African countries- The first prime minister of Uganda was called Milton Abotte- Many people (especially soldiers) were slaughtered- Rebellions gained power = Task 4: = For more information read [|**European Imperialism in Africa (Overview)**] on ABC Clio (user id is **kis**, pw is **welcome**) and answer the questions below 1) What was the Berlin Conference? The Berlin Conference had major European countries such as Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, and Spain. It was held from November 15, 1884 to January 20, 1885 to divide the African continent among European imperialist powers.  2) What were the three outcomes of the conference? The first outcome was that if any of the nations wanted to claim territory, they were required to be informed and discussed with European powers. Second, a nation should have validated reason to colonize. The last outcome was that when African rulers are considered a crucial factor to domination, then it is to be known that the treaties were made with them. = Task 5:  = __**Key Skill: Analyzing Political Cartoons (ask the teacher for the handout)**__ Look through the 'Images of Imperialism' handout. For //__**each**__// of the images answer the following questions //__**using evidence from the image**__// to support your ideas. **//NOTE: You really need to analyze why an Artist has used certain images or words. Remember: a picture is worth a 1000 words!!!//** IMAGE 1: 1) This image is a anti imperialism because the man (European) is trying to take over Africa and it's resources. For the author to show the viewer the meaning of this image, he created the man with a greedy appearance and a position where the man is trying to do something wrong. 2) The picture shows that men of Europe are greedy and that they don't care what will happen to them. They just focused on taking gold. 3) The image displays the greediness and selfishness of Europe. Even though they colonized Africa, they were trying to get more gold by bringing large profits through colonization. 4) The image clear tells us that imperialism was very competitive and a struggle among countries that wanted more land. Through the image, we are able to notice that imperialism can cause violence and damage to other countries.

IMAGE 2: 1) This image is pro imperialism. The white man (European) is leading the group of Africans by accompanying them to the positive side. 2) The image tells us that some Africans were very pleased about Europeans educating and assisting them by spreading European culture. 3) This image indicates that the Europeans were highly developed, intelligent, and wealthy enough to help the Africans. 4) By looking at this image, we can tell that Africans preferred and wanted more of European assistances. Imperialism was very beneficial for Africans causing them to learn and be educated.

IMAGE 3: 1) This image is anti imperialism because the snake indicates imperialists that are strangling Africans. 2) Since Africa is a large country, imperialists would be tempted to colonize Africa with cruelty. The snake which would symbolize imperialists are making a hard time for Africans to live safe and normally. 3) This image tells the audience that American and European Imperialism is violent and harmful. The picture can show us that the strong countries (Europe) were stealing and taking away good resources from the poor countries (undeveloped ones) 4) This image indicates the suffer of Africans through Imperialism due to the countries that wanted land.

IMAGE 4: 1) The image is pro imperialism since the series of pictures gives the viewer the idea that Britain colonizing other countries is reasonable and legit. 2) Tells the viewers that Asians, Africans, and other foreign countries are scared of the British causing the to do anything for them. 3) This tells us that Britain is a strong country and that they have full control over other territories. 4) This image shows the benefits of imperialism where they can gather resources and technology.

IMAGE 5: 1) This image is anti imperialism because African people weren't treated and educated in the same way the white people. 2) The pictures shows that Americans are teaching western culture and education to the natives. 3) I think the pictures tells us that the American man is threatening the natives to get educated by using a stick. He is forcing them to become educated. 4) To America, most of the foreign countries were known to be undeveloped and uncivilized people.

IMAGE 6: 1) This image is anti imperialism because the large bird (crowned eagle) indicates Germany looking down at the uncivilized people in this case, Africa. 2) The Africans are known to be the weak ones so they are able to get attacked more often. 3) The British would need to spread their territory to African countries. They had to work quickly to colonize more of Africa than Germany. 4) The European countries are expanding and the African countries were decreasing as they were colonizing their land.

IMAGE 7: 1) This image is anti imperialism because even though the goddess' sword says justice, many people are dead from the imperialist. Moreover, the man in deciding where to colonize. 2) The American imperialists created others to suffer and die due to the subject of imperlializing. 3) This shows us that even though Americans conquered other countries, they do not seem to care about it after they conquer it. They just want more and more lands and resources for themselves. 4) The image conveys a meaning that Americans are not capable of conquering other lands and also controlling their own original land.

Task 5 incomplete 20/30

Due Feb 8: Assignment from class 11:**__ Document-Based Question: __**// Do Darwin’s theories apply to culture and society? Why or why not? Use the excerpts above and strong examples to support your points. // Darwin's theories apply to both culture and society. The reason for this is because we can interpret Darwin's ideas to the life we live in today. One of the major theory, "The Struggle for Existence", can represent the society part of Darwin's thoughts. Darwin had stated that species will struggle and compete with species of the same genus for survival. This statement can be seen currently in the modern world (in society) where people would compete others to become wealthy such as gaining land, earning money, having fame, etc. than others. This speculation can also lead the Darwin's second theory, "The Survival of the Fittest", where the fittest one among a group of species with the same genus would end up surviving. Just like the first theory, this is also interpreted with today's society where the fittest one would succeed in life. However, in this case, the most "fittest" would be the one who is the most wealthy. Eventually the wealthiest can have more advantage throughout life. People who are poor and that does not live a happy life would be the "unfit" one where they would soon fall apart in life. Although Darwin's theory was old and in someway forgotten, it is applied to our society and culture today. Age of Imperialism Table:

Which of these are reasons and which are justifications? 9.5/10

Due Feb 6: The White Man's Burden**1) What is “The White Man’s Burden” based on Rudyard Kipling’s description in this poem?**The White Man's Burden is a duty that the white people have to rule others that are not civilized and foreign countries. This poem indicates the superiority of white men where they can become wealthy and make other nations to develop. I noticed that this poem is a bit racist where Kipling indicates white men as the best. **2) Do you agree or disagree with Kipling’s characterization? Why or why not?**I disagree with Kipling's characterization because, as I said, Kipling seems to be very racist through skin colors and by where they come from. His view of undeveloped countries seems very biased where he thinks when men are the one and only civilized, educated, and intelligent people of the world. In my opinion, I think other people around the world can be, and are, civilized, educated, and intelligent however, it can vary the amount of time it takes for them to become perfect. **3) What does this say about the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800 - early 1900’s? Use specific examples from the poem.**Through this poem, I noticed that Europeans and Americans in the 1800s seemed to know that they are superior than other races. Even though they are high classes, they seem to "show" their class to others. I personally think that these racisms are happening today. Although it isn't as cruel like this, I noticed some white people seem show their superiority to other races. **4) Is KIS an example of “The White Man’s Burden” in modern Korean society? Why or why not?**I think KIS can be an example in one way but cannot be in another way. Although KIS does not look down on anybody, as I thought about this poem, I realized since KIS is teaching students through American education which can, in a way, be an example of "The White Man's Burden" because this poem is all about European and American people. Since KIS is different from other public schools, they also have a chance to change the education system of Korea.10/10

Due Feb 2: Document-Based Questions **1) Why would Andrew Carnegie (Source B) and Friedrich Engels (Source C) disagree about the effects of industrialization?** By reading the two texts, I think Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels would disagree about the affects of Industrialization. First of all, I noticed that Andrew Carnegie has positive feedbacks on America's market system and manufactured goods. Since he is a multimillionaire, I guess he would have gotten most of the benefits of the Industrialization. Since he does not know the actually hardships and con side of the Industrialization, he would not want to take risks. On the other hand, Friedrich Engels was experienced with the troubles about the poor and the daily lives of working men. Although Industrialization can help the working men, Friedrich Engels seems to know the actual effects of industrialization.  **2) What might be reasons for 16-year-old Mary Paul’s (Source A) satisfaction with her job and life in Lowell?** I think Mary Paul is satisfied with her job and life in Lowell because she is not experience and does not really know the real life outside. Since she works in a place with good condition and with people who are kind to her, I think she thinks her factory is the best place for her and for everybody. However, she still does not know the life out of the spinning room where other children has to work in dusty factories and in a place where nothing is provided.

Political cartoons are to spread easily just like this one by Walter Crane because since the cartoon is depicted with a vampire bat (capitalism) attacking laborers, people would agree and would predict (or want) socialism to sweep by and overcome capitalism. People would start to think that socialism would be the savior of laborers where capitalism is torturing them. Just by looking at this cartoon would let us understand the minds of laborers where they expect socialism to overwhelm capitalism.
 * 3) Why might the political cartoon by Walter Crane (Source D) be useful in getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism?**

Good thoughtful answers. 10/10

Due Jan 31: Responses to 4 Questions __1) Would Marx have agree that these countries were "communist"?__ I believe that Marx would not agree that these countries were "communist" because he thought communism means should make people equal without any social classes. However, through these red countries, I can see that some countries are not communist countries just by glancing over them. North Korea would never be a communist country due to the dictatorship and the system where the government rules the whole country by himself. Although they put effort on being a communist country, they are still behind just by the huge difference between wealthy (government) and poor people (citizens of NK).

__2) What has happened to the "communist" world (once called the "Second World", to distinguish it from the "First World" -- wealthy capitalist countries, and the "Third World" -- poor countries)?__ Although communism has spread to various countries (mostly in the east), it was not very successful. I think the "communist" world realized that communism wasn't very an outgoing system like capitalism of the United States and Canada. Due to this realization (disturbance) they changed their course of communism to capitalism by rejecting and giving it up. However, communists countries still exists today like North Korea, China, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam.

__3) Why do you think this has happened?__ I think this has happened because since the majority of the people wanted power, people try to use different ways to obtain power and fame from citizens. Also, workers were not determined to developing their own country. This will result to neutral development and will end up not excelling and growing the economics of communist countries. These events resulted communist countries try to face capitalism which was not a successful challenge.

__4) What do you think of the idea that the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world never materialized (see p. 270) because of the Union movement (the formation of trades unions who unite to demand better working conditions for workers) and reform laws (to improve conditions for workers, eg. safety requirements, limits on the length of the working day, minimum wages)?__ I don't think that the idea of the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world had never materialized because of the Union movement and reform laws. To support my reason, this is because although the reform laws can change, social classes cannot be erased easily. The one with power (wealthy people) also would not allow lower classes to decrease the profit of their kind. Even though the majority of the population is poor or normal people, the one with money and power will can have the ability to overcome their population. I think it is difficult for the gap between the rich and poor to become cancelled or fade.

Due Jan 26: Photo Essay Paragraph Since the majority of people started to move cities, urbanization began and created cities to have more factories and companies. These pictures that I had just reviewed over tells us that many factories and companies wanted children to work for them. The picture with a boy selling matches is an example. Even the picture before that where a large crowd of laborers were leaving work also symbolized how factories wanted children in their jobs. The artist placed children in the middle to symbolize how small boys were also part of the factory labor force. However, these children were abused while working in factories. They were abused and had no freedom from their work. These facts led to the bad conditions in factories. Germs and diseases were sweeping by but children weren't allowed any freedom. These children laborers had to work from dusk to dawn without even relaxing. In my opinion, even though the conditions were harsh during that time period, I think young children that are not of age should at least develop and build up their dreams before being harshly beaten up by the people in their occupation.

Due Jan. 19: Industrial Revolution Question The Industrial Revolution, and the urbanization that accompanied it, have been described as a mixed blessing. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

I agree and believe that the Industrial Revolution have been described as a mixed blessing due to the advantages and disadvantages that were held during the Revolution. From 1800 to 1850, the number of European cities was excelling and doubled it's population. The period urbanization was taken place at that time. This movement actually caused the nation to become wealthy and create people to earn more wages in factories rather than farms. However, as time passed by, these advantages was swept over by obstacles. This eventually caused me to believe that urbanization generate more of a disadvantage. Since England's city grew rapidly, they had no development plans and lacked adequate supplies for the people who seek jobs. Factories were also in terrible conditions due to urbanization. It caused disease and sickness spread throughout Great Britain. Although violence wasn't involved and the status of different countries today, due to the Industrial Revolution, may be beneficial during this particular revolution, many harsh movements were held just like how other countries start their revolutions.

Due Jan. 18: Impacts created by Inventions: Computers media type="custom" key="12119186"The top mind map does not work well so I'll add another one on the bottom. I uploaded my homework before the due date/time. This is my first change after December 10th. media type="custom" key="12131458"

Due Dec. 12: Review Questions on the Congress of Vienna 4) Napoleon's empire collapsed because Napoleon loved power. He tried to take steps to make his empire larger but instead, led to his downfall. The first mistake that he faced was his desire to crush Britain's economy. Napoleon attempted to stop all trading between Britain and the lands he controlled but Europeans secretly brought in British goods. The British also put their own blockade around Europe and made the French economy weaker. The second mistake was to make his brother the king of Spain in 1808. Since the Spanish people were loyal to their own king, they fought back against Napoleon for five years and Napoleon ended up losing 300,000 troops. The final and crucial mistake was that he tried to conquer Russia far to the east. When he entered Russia with more than 400,000 soldiers, Napoleon's plan had already failed due to the disaster in Moscow. His troop had no supplies and food which resulted with only 10,000 of his men surviving after the journey. In the end other leaders saw that Napoleon was weaker and they made their chance to attack. He was defeated, gave up his throne, and led his empire fail and collapse. 5) After Napoleon's fist defeat, leaders of many nations met for months. Their goal was to draw up a peace plan for Europe that would last many years. This meeting was called the Congress of Vienna led by Klemens von Metternich, a foreign minister of Austria. First of all, he wanted to make sure that the French would not attack another country again. Second, he wanted a balance of power in which on one nation was too strong. And lastly, he wanted to put kings back in charge of the countries from which they had been removed. The leaders agreed with Metternich's ideas and the age of European peace began.

Due Nov. 28: Sentence for the PosterI chose to draw a book for my quote because although the author, in this case the revolutionary, can die any time of their life, the book or the story itself cannot be forgotten because it will stay forever.

Due Nov. 16: Enlightenment Despot Poster http://jinhong1027.edu.glogster.com/absolute-monarchy-poster/

Due Nov. 15: Absolutism 1) **What is absolutism?** Absolutism is a theory of kingship whereby the monarch ruled a centralized state with absolute supremacy. In the modern days, absolute monarch would be dictatorship.

2) **Explain the justification for absolutism referred to as the 'divine right of kings'.** The justification for absolutism is referred to as the ‘divine right of kings’. The ‘divine right of kings’ is the idea that a king was divinely ordained and responsible only to God. Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet was the first one to pronounce that absolute power could be justified through the ‘divine right of kings’ to rule. This generally meant that authorities are given to monarchs directly by God. Since monarchs are the “symbols” of God, whoever challenged against them would be the same as challenging God. Thomas Hobbes was also the theorist who also justified absolutism. He justified it politically rather than religiously through the book Leviathan. It contained the idea that absolute monarchy was the only system of government capable of maintaining order. In termination, the monarchs gained many people to follow them through the ‘divine right of kings’ and they also received much more power and authority through this process.

3) **List the causes of the rise of Absolutism in Europe.** There were various reasons why the Absolutism rose in Europe. First of all, monarchs were referred to as “Gods” because they possess the authorities given by God. This links to the fact that if people challenge them, they are challenging God as well. After the 14th century, people were wanting a strong monarch which can restore order from chaos. In addition, the Protestant Reformation contributed to absolutism through bureaucracy, system based on standardized procedures, which helped to maintain central authority.

4) **Explain briefly how absolutism developed in** Spain: Absolutism sprouted in Spain due to dynastic marriages which increased the territorial holdings of the Habsburg royal family. After Charles V, Philip II operated the divine right theory to take full control of all the power in Spain.

France: The absolutism in France emerged from the response to a rebellious aristocracy that made chaos within the country in internal conflict. To cure this disagreement, King Louis took full control and assisted France to become a better country through Absolutism.

England: England’s absolutism began through the Tudor dynasty. Since James I controlled the divine in a wrong direction, Charles I, his son, reached constitutional struggle. The disaster created a Civil War between the royalists loyal to Charles and the parliamentarians.

Russia: The absolutism in Russia already existed from the reign of Ivan III. Russia expanded and enhanced the industries by Ivan IV (Ivan III’s grandson) which made Peter I to make absolutism in Russia better.

Informations from: http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/309323

**Due Nov. 9:** Speed Dating with René Descartes media type="youtube" key="oRfpnpjjM60" height="315" width="560"

Class 25: Port 1~3 by Jin Jung, Kevin Chung, and Chris Kang
**__//PORT 1: Getting Ready for the Voyage//__**Cornell Notes pg. 92~101: __**Discussion**__ (discussed with Kevin, Jin, and Chris) __What possible rewards might come from exploring the seas for new lands?__ Some possible rewards that might come from exploring the seas for new lands is money, fame, and having the chance of finding new discoveries. Most of the people in our group talked about the Europeans voyaging around Africa to reach China. We also agreed that although the process may be difficult and will take a lot of time, the result would be good because we would achieve a lot of new discoveries during the voyage and a lot of gold. This is the reason why Columbus had the idea of going west to find new land.

__What are the risks involved in embarking on a voyage into the unknown?__ There would be a lot of risks: you might have the possibility of dying during the voyage and also there would be unexpected things involved while exploring. The risk would be worthwhile when one achieves new discoveries or gold, but it would be worthless when you don’t find anything or just simply die.

__What will you do if you actually run into other people?__ If we actually run into people, I think it would be smarter to make a deal with the unexpected people. All of our group member agreed to give money to the new people if we were stronger (wealthier) than them but if the natives are stronger than the foreigners (us) I think it would be better to introduce ourselves and not trespass but resume exploring the world. __**New Navigation Technologies**__ Sextant is an instrument which measures the angle between two objects. It is commonly used to measure the angle between celestial object and the horizon (altitude). Also, it allows people to determine the longitude and latitude at sea. The invention of sextant replaced the astrolabe.

**//__PORT 2: Starting the Voyage__//***Map will be handed in separately*


 * ~ Full Name ||~ Date of Voyage(s) ||~ Size of Fleet ||~ Summary/Discoveries of the Voyage ||
 * = Vasco Da Gama ||= 1498~1500 ||= 4 ships 170 men ||= Vasco Da Gama started out from Portugal then sailed around Africa. When he reached India, he received a large amount of spices, silks, gems and returned to Portugal. Their cargo was worth 60 times the cost of the voyage. This journey had given Portugal a direct sea route to India. ||
 * = Amerigo Vespucci ||= 1499~1501 ||= 4 ships ||= Amerigo Vespucci sailed out of Spain and explored the eastern coast of South America. After his return of the voyage, Vespucci claimed that the land was not part of Asia but a new world. This caused the German mapmaker to name the land the "America" in honor of the discovery of Amerigo Vespucci ||
 * = Ferdinand Magellan ||= 1519~1521(1522) ||= 5 ships 250 men ||= Magellan died during this voyage due to the natives that were in the Philippines. He started out from Spain and discovers a new route through the Pacific Ocean. By his long journey, he was known as the first circumnavigator which means a sail that goes all around or across the world. From Magellan's original crew, only 18 people survived and reached Spain in 1522 during this voyage due to the disease and lack of food. ||
 * = Jin, Chris, Kevin's Voyage ||= 1522~1528 ||= 4 ships ||= First of all, we sailed out of Korea and traveled across the Pacific Ocean. When we reached the Americas, our fleet explored the lands of North America, and South America to find the new discoveries that weren't released in the 2 continents. During the voyage, our crew found a large amount of gold and gems. Although the voyage was difficult and long, we were rewarded for the hard work and received fame. ||

//__**PORT 3: Impacts during the Age of Explorations**__// __Causes of the African Slavery:__In the 16th century, America and England wanted cheap people to work for them as slaves.They wanted African to come work for them. In exchange, they traded cotton and gold.The Europeans also wanted the slaves to go work in America because they knew how to farm and did not know much about America. Since their skin color stands out easily, they could be captured easily when they escaped. __The Triangular Trade Route:__The triangular trade route is generated between North America, Europe, and Africa. In the first step of the trade route, North America will send out sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe. When Europe received the imports, they would deliver textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa. The final stage of this route is where African slaves would be sent to North America to farm and serve them. This triangular trade route eventually linked to the difficult consequences of the slave trade after a period of time. __Consequences of the Slave Trade:__Before the slave trade, there were several fit and healthy Africans but during and after the slave trade, the population of fit Africans decreased. The slave trade also separated families and made the lives of Africans that were living in Africa difficult because most of the women would have to work and take care. Since the population of Africans were increasing in America, the culture and the traditions rapidly spread throughout the country. Food, religion, art and music were developed in the African way. For our group, we thought that this was the reason why there are many African-Americans present today in America. Our group thought that there won't be major consequences in Europe but we estimated that Europe will gain more sugar, cotton, and tobacco because of the large land of North America. Since no slaves will be entering Europe, there won't be events that needs to be manipulated with the African slaves. Cornell Notes pg. 137~141 //__**PORT 4:**__// __Task 1: Source Analysis__

Author: The Author(s) of this edict was issued by the shoguns of Tokugawa shogunate. Tokugawa Shogunate was the first ancestral line of the shoguns, the commander-in-chief in feudal Japan. He also took risks and challenges to restrict Japan's international contacts.

Place & Time: This edict was created in Japan during the 1635 from shoguns to the officials. It contained many laws that did allow Japanese to leave the country and to practice the teachings of padres. If people did not follow these strict rules, they would be put to death. I think this is the reason why the majority of Japan is not fluent in english and there aren't many religions present in the modern Japan.

Prior Knowledge: Since Japan is near the land of China, I predicted that Japan will contain some of the isolated cultures and traditions they held due to China in 1421. Ever since China's Golden Age, I think Japan did not wanted to be individual but wanted to be a special country. Also, before reading this edict, I noticed that Toyotomi Hideyoshi was an important emperor during this event (watching the CNN millennium film). He was successful in reuniting Japan before the shoguns took over. However, the shoguns were also significant for reuniting Japan because they announced the edict and took a step forward to restrict Japan's International contacts.

Audience: This important edict was announced towards Japan. Specifically the officials that are administering the port of Nagasaki which was the site that contained most of Japan's foreign contacts.

Reason: The reason for this edict to be publicized is to prohibit the contacts with foreign countries and to outlaw the act of trading with exotic countries.

The Main Idea: The main idea of this edict was to forbid Japanese from traveling out of the country as well as coming in without any permission. The general meaning was to declare the people in Japan not to contact with other countries all over the world. It also meant that if you broke the law, then people would be interrogated and maybe executed.

Significance: This source is significant to the section where we are learning because it tells us that Japan was once isolated from of the countries and that they wanted to be special (individual) from the rest of the world. To do this, Japan publicized an edict where the majority of it's content explained the consequences of leaving the country and to make contact with the foreign countries. From this document, I drew out the truth that isolating one self from the others is a way of taking a large risk and can have a possibility of losing control rather than gaining them. We can connect this to our topic about China and Europe because China also intended to be isolated from the rest of the world by declining assistance. However, Europe was the one to "gain" power and to "win the race" throughout the renaissance.

__Answers to the video:__ //1) Who was "the Bald Rat"?// The "Balt Rat" was Toyotomi Hideyoshi. //2) Where did Japan hope to build its empire?// Japan hoped to build its empire in China. //3) What stopped it from building its empire as planned?// The defeat from the Koreans stopped building its empire in China //4) Why didn't they try again?// They didn't try again because Toyotomi Hideyoshi focused nothing else but to protecting his son.

APPARTS on Qianlong

Author: The author of this letter was Qianlong. He was the sixth emperor of the Qing Dyansty and the fourth son of Yongzheng

Place & Time: This letter was written in China in 1793. I think this is because it was the time where the British diplomat represented King George III

Prior Knowledge: Before I read this letter, I knew that the tribute system was advanced during this time period due to Zhu Di's leadership. Ever since Zhu Di died, I think China started to isolate themselves from the other countries and started to refuse helps from other countries. From then on, I know that Europe started to develop after the renaissance.

Audience: The audience for this letter would be King George III. It declines the request of the King and also there will be concomitant if not obeyed.

Reason: The reason for this letter is because Qianlong rejected the request of King George III. He gave several reasons for this request and also responded with a strong ejection that he cannot satisfy King George's yearn.

The Main Idea: The main idea of this letter is that Qianlong prohibits England to trade with China. He only permitted England to trade with China through the only port, Gwangzhu. It is also prohibited for merchants to trade in no other ports other than Gwangzhu. If they did, they will also be prohibited to trade after then. This reason proves that China wanted to be isolated from other countries.

Significance: The significance of this letter is that China also wanted to be isolated from other foreign countries. They actually wanted to be isolated from other countries because they wanted to be special and independent. Qianlong also thought that trading with England would make them look in high rank. He traded with no other countries but England even though they didn't need to trade with them.

Class 13: China's Age of exploration 9/23/11

Image #1 displays countries with a population more than 1 million. As you can see, Indonesia has to most Muslim in their country by 202.9 million. Since the Muslim countries are surrounding China, I think this is the reason why China has few million Muslim people in their country, by moving into China.

Image #2 presents the voyages Zheng He traveled. I noticed that Zheng He reached, India, Middle East, and Africa but on his last voyage he died which made China's political situation change. I think these voyages were worthwhile and valuable to the change of China because he improved the outer countries, and developed many new developments for China.

The downfall of the Forbidden City was also crucial to the other neighboring Halls such as the hall of Great Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony. This destruction was also a downfall to Zhu Di and he felt guilty of the destruction thinking that The God of Heaven was angry at him. After some disastrous conflicts, Zhu Di passed away and ordered his son to bring back the treasure ships and stop the expeditions.

See Think Wonder Statements 9/20/11

I see two men trying to touch each others' hands. I think this is some kind of mythology I wonder why they are trying to touch each others' hands.

China's Golden Age- Reading Guide 9/7/11

Image #1 visualizes the comparison of China Zheng He ship and the Santa Maria ship symbolized the power, wealth, and the developments of China. Although Columbus' ship was famous by the time, China's ship was a lot bigger and carried more men on it. China's ship also indicates how they are developed that other countries.

Image #2 of Eastern Europe displays the variety of Kingdoms that were present during the 1400s. I think the image is trying to define how Europe was also powerful during the 1400s but China had a lot more population and wealth during the time. According to this map, I think the "Holy Roman Emperor..." came from the major western countries (area) of Europe which includes England, France, (current country) Spain, and Portugal. Since his "long name" identifies his identity of ruling over the major countries of Europe, I thought that he would come from them.

Image #3 shows how different kingdoms took control of various areas. Through the legend, I also learned that there were many warring kingdoms and that China had many different kingdoms and dynasties before they became a whole. I also learned that in the 1300 and 1400s, the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty mostly took control of China. As times goes by, the dynasty took control of larger areas.

Image #4 displays how the silk road was spread to a great amount of distance. Although the distance of the silk road was magnificent, they played an important role by trading goods with other countries. The silk roads went through countries today such as Iran, Iraq, India, and Turkey.

Image #5 picture indicates the population of Europe during the 1400 and 1600s, Although the population in 1400 and 1600 looks similar, this image gives a hint about the size and population of the Forbidden City. Since the sentence above the image compared the size and the population of the Forbidden City and London, we can imagine that the size of the Forbidden City was 15 thousand times bigger and was 50 times the population of walled London.

Image #6 is a bird view map of the City wall of Beijing. I noticed that there are several temples around the city walls which can lead to the beliefs Beijing would rely on. I also made a guess that the gates around the Beijing City wall was to have a better security system and to have a role of trading goods.

From comparing image #6 and #7, I can see that there are new buildings, parks, museums and some various developments that were not found in image #6. I also think that these new successes lead to a better environment to the inner and outer cities of Beijing.

Image #8 displays the length of the Great Wall of China. By looking at this photo, I learned that the Ming Great Wall was the longest. I realized that the Ming Dynasty claimed a great land in China by the 1400s, they also built the longest wall in China. If the Great Wall was actually 6400km, it would reach Jiayuguan according to the map.

Image #9 is tiny but it is significant to the fact that China (Zhu Di) wanted to be the reference point, the honored one by making Beijing to be in "0" degree which is the Prime Meridian. However, he failed to achieve China's glory because Greenwich, England was chosen for the honor.

Image #10 displays the length, starting and end point of the Grand Canal. According to the caption, I've noticed that a single ruler accomplished to create the Grand Canal in less that 2 decades. I also learned that the Grand Canal carried food to workers which would mean that they lacked food supplies

The Spread of Islam (3 maps. 2 sentences) According to the three maps, I noticed that Islam was well over power by the North Africa, and the Eastern Europe. When the Abbasid Empire came into power, they lost a lot of land and kingdoms but the third map shows how they regained much more power and land than the 661-75 A.D. period.

Kathryn, Annie , Jin Turning Points in Pre-Renaissance World Aug. 25, 2011


 * **Picture** || **Name/ Period** || **Significance** ||
 * [[image:Screen_shot_2011-08-25_at_10.55.03_AM.png]] || Homo sapiens 4.5 million years ago || Monkeys transform to humans gradually. Evolved into humans. This picture represents the stages of evolution from monkeys to humans. ||
 * [[image:Screen_shot_2011-08-25_at_10.55.08_AM.png]] || A page in bible that is in an unused language in the present day. A million year ago. || Written with religious information written and recorded. Unlike other beliefs, this is recorded on a material so that it can be preserved and studied by historians. ||
 * [[image:Screen_shot_2011-08-25_at_10.55.14_AM.png]] || Buddhism was spread over the world. 600 BC || The religion Buddhism has begun to spread. As time wen ton, Buddhism gained many followers and now rule much of Asia. ||
 * [[image:Screen_shot_2011-08-25_at_10.55.20_AM.png]] || Machu Picchu 1300-1400 ||  ||

Sources of My Family History Jin-Hong Jung 9D Aug. 21, 2011

Event on Timeline: My Birth, with a possibility of having a downs risk disability but was born healthy. Written Source: The photo above is a written source in which my parents have received a receipt for appointing a chromosome analysis for me before I was born. According to the directions of APPARTs I noticed that this written source is a primary source because the receipt (information) was given during (after) the analyses of my chromosomes. This was significant to my event, my birth with a possibility of having a downs risk, because without having a chromosome analyses, handling, and conveyance from the hospital, I might have born with a disability. With contributing some money for the analyses and handling, I ended up being born with good health.

Unwritten Source: This is a photo of me when I was just born. I chose this for my unwritten source to show how lucky I was to not be disabled. Just like the written source I did have the possibility of having a downs risk which is a particular disability for people especially when he/she was just born. This is also a primary source because this photo was taken at the time I was born. This photo is significant to the event because I was born without any problems and my parents were on a major suffer but was relieved by the result. Although it took a long time for me to come out, they were both very thankful for by having a birth that was perfectly normal. (The leaf is for manners...)

media type="file" key="Oral Interview Source.m4v" width="300" height="300" Oral Interview: This video is the interview between me and my dad. I asked him about the time when he was informed with my possibility of a downs risk disability. He expressed his emotions and the scene when I came out healthy. I believe this is a secondary source because the information was introduced, told after the event had occurred. This is significant to the event because talking face to face with the person who had experienced the event would be an accurate piece of information.

The Many Hats of a Historian Jin-Hong Jung 9D Aug. 18, 2011

Vocabulary
 * heretical- person believing in or practicing religious heresy
 * faggot- bundle of sticks or twigs that are bound together symbolized his conviction for heresy.
 * eucharist- christian ceremony that commemorates the Last Supper where bread and wine were distributed.
 * abstain- restrain oneself from enjoyment
 * penance- punishment which is volunteered
 * beseeching- to ask desperately
 * source- something that has and origin

Hogsflesh was walking through the streets of chichester at market time while wearing only a shirt, shoes, and a strip of linen around his waist while carrying a faggot. The main point of the article is that Virgin Mary was not to be honored by anyone ant that the Christ’s body was not in the Eucharist. The “story” also said that he can be saved without confession to a priest.
 * 1) In section 1, //Heretical Beliefs//, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article?**

This is not the main point of the article. Please do not use "-" in front of your answers, as this is an incorrect use of the punctuation.

John Arnold defined a historian’s role by reporting their records. John Arnold also stated that there are several different small roles for reporting their record. Some can be common to most historians and some can be individual. I agree with John Arnold because reporting records will be important for the future people to understand these facts of a historian. When recordings are not present, it is difficult for us to figure out the true story. Other roles that I thought was to observe the historians record thoroughly and by connecting them to the present time.
 * 2) What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles?**

Arnold actually identifies NINE roles. I am not sure what you mean by this -- a historian's job is to observe the historian's record?

__Some shared methods__ are to __treat the records by fidelity__ which means the historian won’t create records on the real record. People should treat history records as it was done (originally). This is important to remember when reading historical references because people reporting the records of history may record with their point of view or adding more information**s** to the record.
 * 3) What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references?**

What does this mean? I'm unclear what you are trying to say, and I'm not sure you are clear either!

A single event can be interpreted in more than one way by the interpreter. Since people see and comprehend things in a different point of view, people interpret with one’s perspective. An event in my life that historians could interpret with different points of view is when there was a conflict between two of my friends. One was bothering the other with putting evil pranks and teasing the other student. And the other got angry and started swearing and using their fists to express his anger. Both students had done the wrong thing but people can have different point of views for this particular event.
 * 4) How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view?**

Good.

My friend and I had a big conflict over saving our project time by time. It was a project where we had to use our computers to complete it. My friend was a student where he did not save documents when the time came. But I was the person where I save my documents when I wrote a decent amount. We had finished all our projects but at the end, our computers crashed and all the document was deleted. I was very angry with him that moment but he also had the point that I wasn’t copying the writings down on my computer (which was mandatory). People might have different point of view and I thought we both had decent reasons.I don’t think a historian to be completely objective because everyone has different point of views. People tend to think that their point of view is the “best” reason so I don’t think historian to be completely objective.
 * 5) Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response.**

Good answer.

When historians practice subjective history, problems may arise by the different perspectives. Subjective history can be beneficial to the study of history because we can see both point of views and by comparing them we can fully understand their views and opinions. It made sense for me to remember the event in my perspective because people tend to think their opinion is mostly correct also we will disagree to the other persons view about the incident. This tells us that information**s** in the textbooks __will not be accurate__ and __may have written by some of the writers opinions.__
 * 6) What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history?**

REALLY? Is this what historians do?

Every historian is “a storyteller” because they deliver records that they have found on their discovery. They also analyze and explain just like a story teller. If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of it, we __cannot really trust historians__ because people will story tell with their own opinions and point of view which will be difficult to trust and a not reliable fact.
 * 7) Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not?**

Incorrect conclusion.

After reading these articles, I noticed that history __can__ change over time because people may write/record facts in their point of view. Now I will approach history with awareness because all information**s** in the book may not be exactly true because a __person__ recorded it, which means they will tend to write in their point of view.
 * 8) How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views?**

Doe having one's own point of view make it less factual or true?

The word "information" never has an "s".

8/10