Phillip+A's+World

05/25/12 Afghanistan Timeline

Ryan Lee & Phillip An

Inclusion of some relatively insignificant events. 9/10

05/23/12 Korea Vietnam Venn Diagram

10/10

05/22/12 WH DEBATE WAS WORLD WAR 2 INEVITABLE []

05.18/12 Causes of Cold War

1) Disagreement between Soviets and U.S + Britain. Communism vs Democracy 2) Soviets knew that the West (U.S, Britain, France) did not like them 3) The Truman Doctrine, trying to stop communism from spreading 4) US Bombing Japan 5) Countries fearing Soviet's expansion

05/18/12 Cold War

1) This house was destroyed by a nuclear explosion. Even though it was 5 km away from the explosion, it seems as if the bomb blew up inside the house, the amount of power was massive. 2) If a whole town was hit by an explosion like this, there would be only rubble left after the explosion. Buildings would be destroyed and the people would be wiped out. There won't be a single trace of people ever living there.
 * Pg 13 - 19**
 * A) Look at the Photograph's Opposite**

1) I think that these people wanted the government to 'ban the bomb' because they were afraid that these nuclear weapons would serious hurt them, and there weren't much that could be done to prepare them if a nuclear bomb hit. 2) I think that there was a wide range of people in the CND because everyone was in danger of being harmed by the bomb. Everyone had the potential to be affected. Also having a wide range of people would help them get themselves heard by the authority so that their thoughts would be listened to.
 * B) Look at the Photograph Above**

Some arguments against banning nuclear weapons was that if they do not produce these weapons, the Soviets would have as much as ten times more missile than the US, and that would put the U.S in a huge disadvantage in the level of power.
 * C) What arguments were there against banning nuclear weapons?**


 * Establishments and Goals**

The Space race was the most significant historical event of the four, because it had the biggest influence to the modern world. The Space Race had the U.S and Soviets rushing to reach space, and it contributed in advancements in mathematics and science, weaponry, technology, means of communication. The two teams sort of encouraged each other to exceed one another, resulting in major improvement in the knowledge of a variety of areas. All these advancements can be seen in our lives now, they are what we learn in school. The Space Race's contributions can be seen in the modern world and that is why it was the most significant.
 * Most Significant Historical Event**

10/10

05/16/12 Europe and Japan Post War


 * Venn Diagram of Europe and Japan Post War**


 * "Do you think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes? Explain your thinking." **

I do not think that it was right for Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes because their actions were all done by other countries before, and there were those who created much more damage than the Nazi's and Japanese. Japan and Germany both have expanded with colonialism, but other countries have also done so in the past. Punishing only a part of those who committed the same crime doesn't seem right to me. Also, even though the Japanese and German military may have played a major part of the war by opposing the allies, the internment camps in America was inhumane. These internment camps forcefully took Japanese Americans, who had no relation to the war whatsoever, and took their lives away from them. Their homes, jobs, businesses were all taken away and when they were released, those things were not returned to them. The Nazi and Japanese may have caused a significant amount of harm to many countries, but there was was a country who created even more damage. In the course of the war, the United States fired an atomic bomb at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan's cities. Even with all the harm Japan may have created, I do not think this action was justifiable, because the atomic bomb even killed a huge number of civilians, which are practically, innocent lives. There should have been a punishment, at least a mild one, for this action because of its enormous impact on innocent lives. I don't think that the Allies were right to only try the Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes, but should have done so to some of their own as well.

10/10

05/15/12 Holocaust Video Responses

- I think that it was cruel and unjust for the Nazi's to perform experiments on the twins without their or the guardian's approval of any kind. It was done forcefully and these actions should not be practiced under any circumstances in the future.
 * TWINS**

I was touched by the fact that the man looked out for his brother, even if that meant getting harmed by the Germans. It was sad that the brothers were not the same as they once were when they found each other after war, because family connections last throughout your whole life, and the Germans just took that precious bond away from them. I agreed with the man when he said that he could not forgive the Germans for tearing out their feelings.
 * Two Brothers**

When he said that he "wouldn't consider them real people, but they were breathing," I felt disgusted towards to Germans because that meant that they were treating the prisoners in such an inhumane way that they no longer seemed like human beings. Also the fact that the guards harmed the prisoners such as pushing them into the abyss for their entertainment is not right and is evil. I was very shocked when he said that he was used to the dead around him because I don't think any of us should have to feel that way. I admire Eldar for that he decided to devote his life to the army, because by experiencing those horrible things, he would not want them to happen to anyone else
 * Mordechai Eldar**

It shocked me to the core when they said that the children were burned alive in pits. It was a very cruel act. I felt depressed when it was mentioned that they had wait for their death everyday. It is the natural human right, the right to live, and these people were expecting and fearing death every moment of their life imprisoned. I think that it was heartbreaking for Zanne Farbstein to lose her sister because I have a sister and I can't imagine losing her.
 * Zanne Farbstein**

I knew that the conditions of these labor camps were bad but I didn't know that they had kids working next to a 2000 degree oven. It surprised me that they would treat children in this inhumane way. Not only is child labor abusive of their human rights, but having significantly bad working conditions is also an act that should not be done. When he said that he did not cry through all the terror he's been through I admired him but I was also angry at the Germans. It felt as if they had taken his emotions away from him through the countless pain they brought to him. I warmed my heart when the story of him trying to save half the cake for his brother was mentioned, because the bond of brothers were clearly existent between them. I think that the war changed the way of life for many people because it seemed to have influenced Hollander to focus on the future and live happily.
 * Yaakov Hollander**

It shocked me when it was stated that young girls were used to bury the bodies of those killed by the Germans. I would've thought that they would be used for some other labor. It was very depressing when she expressed her sadness of losing her family members. I can sort of relate to her depression, although it may not be level to her. I was happy for her when she said that she found a way to live again: being a midwife because it shows that she was able to resume the happiness of her life even after the war she experienced.
 * Sophie Engelsman**

I was very sad when she said that she didn't know why she was moving if the war was over. She seemed like a teen with a whole life ahead of her, but the holocaust took parts of hat away from her. This goes against the human's natural right to live. It also saddened me when it was mentioned that the family was separated because I can't even begin to imagine the pain she must've been in, being separated, not even knowing if your family was still living or not. It truly shocked me when she revealed the tattoo and its meaning because it meant that people were being defined by numbers, not by their identity. That certainly was not right. I was happy for Eva Brown because she was able to have a happy life even after her painful experiences. To raise a family would have given her happiness.
 * Eva Brown**

10/10

05/11/12 Class 45

Guided Reading

__**COSTS OF WORLD WAR II: ALLIES AND AXIS**__ 1) Russia suffered the most human costs in the war. 2) U.S spent much more on the war than Japan and Germany.

__**MILITARY CASUALTIES, WORLD WAR I AND WORLD WAR II**__ Some factors that may have contributed to the increased number of deaths in World War II over World War I could be for one, the improvement in technology and its use in the war. In World War I, planes and boats existed, but they were not used as frequently as they were for World War II, they were mostly used for locating enemies. In World War II, air warfare and naval warfare both occurred with airplanes, aircraft carriers and even radars. Also, more countries participated in World War II so it was inevitable that there would be more deaths. Bombing in cities were common, so much more civilians died in World War II than in World War I. All these factors contributed in the increased number of deaths in World War II over World War I.
 * 1) What factors may have contributed to the increased number of deaths in World War II over World War I?**

__**CIVILIAN COST**__ 1) While fleeing from the Germans, the Polish refugees were in the worst condition. They had perhaps only a few items on them, maybe a prized possession or two. People lost sight of their family and some were fighting oneself to be sane. Their homes were taken by Germans, therefore by leaving, they left their homes, jobs, their whole life. The Polish refugees were on the run without a plan.
 * Displaced Persons**

1) The government's attitude towards Japanese Americans were that they were a potential threat and had to be watched by armed soldiers. It also tells us that they did not see the Japanese Americans as citizens of America because American citizens would not be treated this way.
 * Internment Camps**

9.5/10

05/9/12

Guided Reading A1-A7
 * How is the same history conveyed so differently in these two videos? Which do you think is more "true": the Hollywood dramatization or the documentary? **

The history is presented very different in these two videos. The Saving Private Ryan video has a lot of violence and gore, but the documentary has a calm pace of informing us of how it was like back then. I think that the documentary was more true than the Hollywood version because in the Hollywood version, we are only able to witness how it was like for the American soldiers, but in the documentary, they give us information through primary source videos. The Hollywood version may be more exciting and fast paced by visualizing the battle, but not much information was gained from watching it. The documentary delivered more facts through an educational way, so it seemed more "true".

10/10

05/7/12 Japanese Internment

__ **Japanese Internment Paragraph** __ My opinion of the Japanese Internment is that it was unfair. The Japanese Internment captured Japanese people in the U.S. It even took in Japanese people that had nothing to do with the war. Not a single Japanese - America / Canadian were declared guilty of spying after the war, but they were still captured. Also, no German - Canadians were caught for internment when Germany was one of the biggest opponents of the U.S in the war. It was unfair enough that the Japanese people in the U.S were caught, but they were not treated well in the internment camps. I think that the Japanese Internment was unjust.

__** Walt Disney Political Cartoon **__ **What wartime images do you recognize from your study of war?** From my study of war, I recognize Hitler’s face, and the Nazi symbol.

**What are some of the messages of this cartoon?** The cartoon was a propaganda that said being a U.S citizen was better than being a German citizen. The cartoon showed the huge amount of labor and loyalty that was forced upon Germans.

**Why do you think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war?** I think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoon during the war because these companies were able to persuade a lot of people at once through cartoons such as this, and having people favor the U.S was good for the war. The companies may have been paid my the government to create cartoons like these.

__ **Political Cartoon for Home Front** __ In the cartoon I can see Uncle Sam, representing the United States. The workers represent the United States citizens. The USA Salvage Program implies that the whole U.S is taking part in it, which means teamwork is involved.
 * What is in the cartoon? Explain the symbolism you see. **

The intended message of the cartoon is that the U.S citizens were working together to win the war by helping with the production of resources. It encourages citizens to help support the United States even if they are not in the army.
 * What is the intended message of the cartoon? **

__** Life on the Home Front in Britain Exploration: Write down three significant information for each topic **__ **Children at War**
 * Over 3,500,000 children, women, old people evacuated to escape German bombing
 * No one knew where they were going or if they were going to come back
 * Some children were happy to go away

**Rationing**
 * Even clothes were controlled
 * Every person, even babies had ration books
 * Each family had to register with shop / store to buy from (one only)

**Women at War**
 * Women started working in factories rather than in army
 * Theres was the Women’s Voluntary Service: help evacuees, drive ambulances, run canteens + rest centers + nurseries
 * There were Air Raid Wardens, who reported bomb damage, made sure windows were blacked out and people carried their gas masks.

**Messages of War**
 * Made people support the war by working in factories
 * Be careful of what you speak of and where you speak it
 * Telling people to evacuate

10/10

05/04/12 Japan interactions


 * Japan's Pacific Campaign Chart **
 * a. What Happened?**
 * b. What is the significance of the battle or attack**

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto was Japan’s greatest naval strategist. He was the one who called for the attack on U.S fleet in Hawaii. He took charge of the attack in The Battle of Midway in order to get the U.S Pacific Fleet away from Pearl Harbor. After defeat, he ordered his men to withdraw. General Douglas MacArthur was the commander of the Allied Land Forces in the Pacific and lead the Battle of Guadalcanal. His plan was able to prevent Japan from building bases on the islands and even got them to leave the islands. Both were key strategists in their force.


 * Description of Perspectives presented in Political Cartoons. What does each cartoon highlight about how Japanese expansion was viewed?**

1. Let Sam Do It:
 * Saying that the League of Nation wanted U.S to solve the Japan - China conflict.
 * Japanese expansion was viewed negatively as a problem that had to be solved.

2. Let Others Sweat and Toil
 * Japan thought that the Western Nations were living in wealth thanks to the practice of imperialism upon other countries and that the Western nations think themselves to be more superior.
 * The cartoon is saying that Japanese Expansion is justifiable because other nations were doing it to benefit themselves as well. It is showing Japanese expansion in a good light.

3. Burning paper
 * Japan is saying that the League of Nation is will not stop Japan from achieving greater power.
 * Cartoon says that Japanese expansion should occur for Japan to become powerful. It is being viewed positively.

4. Kangaroo
 * Shows that Japan wanted to take New Guinea, but Australia was ready to take them on if Japan tried to do so.
 * Japanese expansion was viewed negatively, as there were figures that were about to attack Japan if it tried to take New Guin, trying to stop Japan from expanding further.


 * 1) Why did Japan attack the United States of America?**

Japan attacked the United States of America because the United States’ actions were annoying Japan. First, the U.S was stopped shipping war materials and later on put a trade embargo on Japan. This way, Japan could not receive any materials to build war machines. Second, the U.S supported Japan’s enemies such as the China’s Nationalist Government. Third, the U.S expanded its navy, meaning that they were becoming a powerful force and Japan would have to deal with them sooner or later. Japan attacked the United States because the U.S was irritating Japan.

In early 1941, Japanese diplomats have tried to negotiate Japan's asian expansion. But simultaneously, they were making plans to attack the United States of America. When the negotiation didn't work out, Japan bombed the Pearl Harbor in December 7th, 1941. The next day, December 8th, the United States declared war on Japan. Three days after that, on the 11th, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States.
 * Key Events of Pearl Harbor (Before, During, After)**

10/10

05/2/12

- 1940, Germany took Poland, Denmark, Norway, France. - Operation Sea Lion: Germany's plan to invade Britain - 18th June, 1940, Winston Churchill inform Nation, Battle of France is over. Expects battle of Britain will begin. - Britain air force outnumbered by German Air Force - Britain used Radars (Told speed, height, location of enemy aircraft) - August 1940, RAF attack Berlin, Hitler order soldiers to attack London + other cities - People killed, homes & factories destroyed - Attacks gave Britain time to rebuild airfields and build more planes - Germany postpones Britain Invasion after seeing that much more German aircrafts were down compared to Britain
 * Podcast Key Events**


 * Podcast Questions**

Questions (post answers on your gallery page): Operation Sea Lion was the invasion of Britain.
 * **1) What was Operation Sea Lion?**

The battle did not look good for Britain because Britain's army had been forced out of Europe, leaving most weapons behind. Also, the Germany air force had 1500 bombers and 1000 fighters, but the British air force (Royal) had only 1000 fighters.
 * **2) Why did the battle not look good for Britain?**

An advantage Britain had was the radar. Radio-waves sent from the Radar could show where enemy aircrafts were. They could even detect speed and height also. Knowing the position of enemy aircrafts could give a major advantage in coming up with tactics to win the battle.
 * **3) What advantage did Britain have?**

August 1940, when RAF (Royal Air Force) Bombers raided Berlin, Hitler was very mad that Britain had attacked the capital of his country. So, he ordered his aircrafts to attack London and other cities.
 * **4) What was Germany's mistake?**

The impacts of the bombing of London were that over two million homes destroyed, factories were damaged and about 40,000 people were killed. The bombing of London aided the British cause by giving the Royal Air Force time to rebuild their air fields, continue producing aircrafts, upgrade their tactics and aircraft. By doing this, the life expectancy of RAF members increased.
 * **5) What was the impact of the bombing of London? How did the bombing of London aid Britain's cause?**


 * **6) Why was the outcome of the battle of Britain significant for the Allies?** The outcome of the battle of Britain was significant for the Allies, because much more German aircrafts fell than British aircrafts. The invasion plans postponed because Germany could not afford losing more aircrafts. The battle also showed the possibility of defeating the German Army.


 * Read the newspaper below about the Battle of Britain, and watch the two videos, then write a short paragraph that explains why the British were able to hold off the German invasion when they were militarily weaker. Use evidence to support your ideas. Post your work on your gallery page.**

Britain was able to hold off the German invasion when they were militarily weaker because they had citizens aiding their cause and advanced technology. Citizens took part in forming groups to help the British army overcome to German invasion. The Home Front Army raised money for planes, defended air fields, factories and coastlines. The Women's Voluntary Service helped evacuating the citizens and encouraging people to donate raw materials so that new planes could be built out of them. The Observer Corps helped looking out for enemy aircraft. All these voluntary groups meant that Britain was getting stronger and more united. Britain had an advanced technology called the Radar. The radar could show the enemy aircraft's position, height and speed. With this information, the best strategies were made to beat the enemy. The means of communication between the British pilots and those on the ground also gave an advantage to Britain as they were able to send out their changed strategy easily in order to counter attack. Britain held off the German invasion thanks to their technology and civilians.

10/10

04/30/12 Section 1 Assessment

The Land-Lease Act could be considered a turning point for the allies. The Land-Lease act not only supplied arms to the allies, but brought the United States into war with Germany. Now that the U.S was fighting Germany, they can be considered a part of the allies. With the additional power brought by the U.S, this event can be considered as a turning point as the allies gained a significant amount of power in the war.
 * Which of the listed events might be considered a turning point for the Allies? Why? **


 * How were Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union similar? **

Napoleon’s and Hitler’s invasion of Russia was very similar to each other. Napoleon tried to do so in 1812, and Hitler in 1941. The Russians used the Scorched-Earth strategy against both of them. The strategy consisted of Russia burning down supplies and land as they retreated so that the opposing army would not be able to gain anything from their advance. Winter played a part in both battles as well. The harsh weather affected both armies’ soldiers with the cold temperature and diseases. Another similarity is that Hitler and Napoleon both lost a large amount of men in the battle. Napoleon’s and Hitler’s invasion of Russia may have happened at different times, but they were much alike.

10/10

04/28/12 Hitler Notes

Hitler's Germany

Pg 488-492 10/10

04/25/12 Hitler Notes

10/10

04/25/12 Fascism Oral http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxtqnp6DKfQ&feature=youtu.be

Clear and articulate. 10/10

4/19/12 Great Depression Oral

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yNAH_-8mRI&feature=youtu.be

Good explanation of the economics of the Great Depression. You definitely should consider taking some econ. courses later! 10/10

4/16/12 The Great Depression Stations

1)

2) **Two News Paper Headlines** Headline: Jobs lost, Hopes follow Thesis: The unemployment that occurs in the Great Depression in the U.S shows that unemployment brings pain. 1. Most lived in unsuitable conditions due to not being able to afford better housing. 2. Many starved and relied on free food for survival. 3. Some left their homes to search for jobs.
 * //International Herald Tribune//**

Headline: Not even We can Oppress the Depress - ion Thesis: The Depression disrupted the stability of the United States' economy and affected the people as well. 1. People's savings were wiped out due to unfortunate bank failures. 2. People had to rely on selling what ever they could in order to survive. 3. Many worked in extreme conditions but still could not earn enough for ideal life necessities.
 * //New York Times//**

These articles were supposed to be written as though these photos were taken NOW, so should be in the present tense. Notes? Good thing I wasn't grading this?

9/10

04/16/12 China Oral Quiz http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Nylst5sBgU&feature=youtu.be

Clear and well presented. 10/10

04/10/12 Handouts Wiki Work

__**Station 1:**__ China was in social chaos due to their hatred towards the foreign nation the controlled them (Germany). During World War I, China had declared war against Britain. So naturally, when Britain lost, they expected to be free of foreign masters in some part of their land. Instead of the expected freedom, the Treaty of Versailles merely changed the lands' owner from Germany to Japan. This angered the Chinese and they started to rebel.
 * 1) How did the Treaty of Versailles add to China's problems?**

__**Station 2:**__ In 1600's, Japan was not very powerful, due to their isolation from other countries except China and Korea. But by opening up trade with many other countries and learning their ways, Japan was able to become one of the most powerful countries in Asia. By 1890, Japan had the strongest military in Asia. In the first half of the 20th century, Japan was very active. In 1904, Japan was able to win Russia in a war for China's Manchurian territory. In 1905, Japan invaded Korean and by 1910, Japan had dominant rule over Korea. They changed everything about Korea: the education, the language, the news, the laws. From the result of Japanese rule, about 4,000,000 Koreans and Chinese were sent away from their homes to work somewhere where their work would benefit Japan.This soon led to Koreans protesting against the Japanese.

Even with all the horrible things Japan committed, Japan justified their actions by stating that taking over other territories were the only solution to their over population problem. It was stated that they had three ways of solving the problem, which were: emigration, advance into world markets, and expansion of territory. Then it was stated that they were not able to use the first two solutions due to immigration policies (of other countries) and tariff barriers and nullification of commercial treaties. The writer than says that the world powers have no right to criticize Japan's attempt to try the third solution, for they have made it impossible to try the first two. It also describes Japan's colonization of lands as a benefit of mankind, as the people that inhabited those land were "untamed savages". Even with their justification, it does not justify the horrible things the Japanese have done to Korea.

__**Maps/Charts/Images I would like to show:**__ 1) "Things Change... Badly" Image describing the change Japan brought to Korea. Picture would show classroom wtih Koreans studying with Japanese books and few students standing in the corner in punishment with red marks on their wrists, caused from whipping from the teacher (with bamboo stick). 2) "When Right is Weaker than Wrong" Image showing how Japanese treated the Koreans. Image would show a Korean being executed for rebelling against the Japanese rule. The rebel would be identified by arm or headband. 3) "Percentage of Koreans Suffering from Japanese Rule" Chart showing the percentage of Korea's population that were suffering from Japanese rule. The large percentage would surely impact the Korean students.

I think that Mao was a better leader than Stalin because Mao was more interested in his country than in himself. His decisions and actions were directed to modernizing and making China even more powerful. The Long March and the Great Leap Forward were both his works of improving China. Although his works have brought a huge amounts of deaths, the Chinese still believe that without Mao, China would not be the China it is now. Stalin on the other hand, was more focused on gaining power individually. If there were people who tried to stop him in rising in power, he would have them executed. His decisions were more centered on his want for power and he is not remembered as a positive figure in the present world. Mao's goal to drive China forward was stronger that his goal of achieving power, and this is what made him a better leader than Stalin.
 * __Station 3:__**

Good work. 10/10

04/10/11 Russian Revolution Oral Quiz

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNgvjbGwzuI&feature=youtu.be

Was Russia only in WWI for "a few months"? You ran out of time to talk about the revolution itself. The nobility would "gave most of the land/crops back to the peasants?" This was a bit confused. 9/10

04/6/12 Russian Revolution Tasks

1) Russia had a revolution on 1917 due to the poor working conditions of the works, the impact of World War I and the poor decision making of Russia's Tsar. Firstly, Tsar Nicholas was very focused on developing Russia's industries. Soon enough, Russia became the leading producer of steel, but it also had negative side effects. The fast growth resulted in poor working conditions: low wages, forced child labor, which resulted in strikes. Secondly, World War I killed many Russian soldiers. Just after a few months into the war, Russia lost four million soldiers. This caused the soldiers to refuse to fight. Prices rose due to the expensive war, and people were not able to feed themselves. Tsar Nicholas' rule brought numerous negative results to Russia, and these results made the people revolt against him in anger.

Stalin Podcast media type="file" key="Stalin Podcast.mp3" width="240" height="20"

Propaganda Poster
 * Zyvorykin, B.**
 * The Struggle of the Red Knight with the Dark Force, 1919**

1) What is the message that this poster is trying to get out to the Russian people?

The message that this poster is trying to get out to the Russian people is that the Red Army (the communists) is overcoming the Dark Force in the civil war. The white horse symbolizes the white russian force (those who support the Tsar), but I think that the enemies were labeled dark because white symbolizes purity but dark symbolizes evil. Although, I'm not sure why the poster is titled the "Struggle" if the reds seem to be really close to be defeating his opponent on the poster.

2) Do you find this piece of propaganda to be compelling? Why or why not? I don't find this piece of propaganda compelling because it merely seems like a fact to me. The poster does not encourage you to join the red nor leave the dark forces. All it does it show that the reds are close to defeating the dark force (white knight). It does not state any benefits that would come of joining the reds so it just seems like a news on paper.

04/5/12 Question #2 Evaluating Decisions

1) How did the Treaty of Versailles reflect the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I?

The Treaty was Versailles was written so that countries would gain whatever they wanted from Germany. These things could be land, money or even military restrictions upon Germany. Woodrow Wilson was a man from American that only wanted to form a League of Nations, where the nations could come together and discuss problems so that they would not have to fight. Many countries (France and Britain) did not have an open mind towards the idea, but Wilson was able to get their agreement by supporting their opinion of what they should receive from Germany. The Treaty showed that other nations all wanted a piece of Germany for all the harm it caused them. France was the most passionate country focused on stripping Germany of its power and their intentions are clear by what it they have demanded to Germany. Italy and Japan came to war to win territories but could not win much. Overall, the treaty resulted in Germany: losing land and colonies, restricting their military size and were forced to take the blame for the war. The League of Nations was also a result of the treaty. The treaty shows us that the men in power were hungry to strip Germany of its wealth and that they wanted to humiliate Germany. It shows that America was not interested in taking wealth from Germany, as the war has already made it rich, but focused on never having this sort of war again in the future.

3/8/12

Discussion is on Linda's Wikipage

02/25/12 Balkan Map

Why might Serbia have staked a claim to Bosnia and Herzegovina? Why might Russia have been interested in helping further that claim? Why would Germany and Austria-Hungary have resisted any moves for Bosnian (used to mean Bosnia and Herzegovina) secession from Austria-Hungary?

Serbia may have staked claim to Bosnia and Herzegovina because it was far away from its allies, and was very close to its enemy, the Austria-Hungary. By taking Bosnia and Herzegovina, it could for one, get closer to its allies and have less of a chance of being taken over by Austria-Hungary. They also would have staked a claim to Bosnia and Herzegovina because there were Serbians in Bosnia.

Russia would have been interested in helping further than claim because by doing so, the alliance of France, Russia, Serbia and Bosnia would be able to surround Germany in Austria-Hungary, which would give them an advantage in war.

Germany and Austria-Hungary would have resisted any moves for Bosnia secession from Austria-Hungary because they knew that if Bosnia withdrew from Austria- Hungary it would they would be at a disadvantage of being surrounded by enemies.

Answer to #1 is incorrect. #2 and #3 answers are incomplete. 6.5/10

02/16/12 Nationalism Impacts


 * Impacts Table**

I think that nationalism had a more positive impact in the world. The negative results may have been more severe, but they were only existent for a period of time. I believe that the positive results have lasted longer, and so I think that nationalism had a more positive impact. Even though minority cultures were forced to follow the majority culture, it brought the people of the nation together. By having the people overcome their differences, such as the difference in culture, they were able to focus on achieving a common goal that would benefit the nation. The overthrowing of colonial rule brought peace to many countries that were once colonies, because they did not have to answer to other countries. As colonialism ended, democratic governments were created throughout the world. Having a democratic government can keep the people of the nation happy, as the government would reflect the opinion of the people. Lastly, the competition among nations for scientific and technological advances urged nations to keep on improving their science and technology, which gives more power to the nation.
 * Do you think nationalism has had a more positive or negative impact on the world? Support your opinion with evidence. **

Unification movement was about bringing together the people that had similar cultures but had different politics. Separation movement was about culturally different group that: did not want to be added to a state or wanted to be free from the state. State-building was about the culturally different group that created a new state themselves by adopting a certain culture.
 * // 1. Using the table above, explain the characteristics of each type of Nationalistic movement in your own words. //**

I think that the empires would fall due to the conflicts that would have occurred within the empire. These conflicts would be the results of the difference in culture and tradition.
 * // 2. What do you think would have happened to the empires (e.g. Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire) during the rise of nationalism? //**

__ **Key Skill: Analyzing Political Cartoons** __ Look at the cartoon on page 261 and complete the questions.

1. ** Clarifying ** What symbol does the cartoonist use for the soon-to-be nation of Italy? The cartoonist uses a boot to symbolize the soon-to-be nation of Italy.

2. ** Making Inferences ** How is Garybaldi portrayed? Garybaldi is portrayed as someone that would help rise Italy, as the man in the read shirt (Garybaldi) is assisting the crowned man is wearing his boot. The picture shows the King putting on his boots and Garybaldi is supporting him to do so.

3. ** Analyzing Bias ** What does the title of the cartoon say about the cartoonist's view of Italian unification? The title of the cartoon indicates that the cartoonist thought the Italian unification was something that has waited some time to take place. That is indicated by the "at last" part of the title. The "Right leg in the boot" indicates that the two people (Garybaldi and King) were the right people to unite Italy (boot).

__ **CASE STUDY: Germany** __ On your own, read about the unification of Germany (online textbook pgs 261-263).

1) Create a flow chart that shows the key events that led the unification of Germany.
 * Unification of Germany FlowChart**

1) The territory of Prussia in 1865 was unusual because there were other lands that divided the land of Prussia into two. 2) After 1865, 1871 saw the biggest expansion of Prussian territory.
 * 2) Looking at the map on page 263, answer the two geography skillbuilder questions. **


 * 3) Design a national symbol for the newly formed Germany. Include symbols that best represent the spirit or values of the German people at this time. Write a short paragraph explaining your symbol and its significance. **

The national symbol I created has a black eagle, a couple of guns and a pool of blood. The black eagle represents the Kaiser, the emperor of Germany. The Eagle is stationed above the pool of blood and guns, which means that the eagle was able to rise by overcoming many wars. The symbol portrays the process and the hardship of Germany's unification.

Photo Bib: [] [] []

Spell names correctly (eg. Garibali). Your nationalist symbol is very well done, and well explained! Cartoon is not so thoroughly analyzed. What does it mean when someone is kneeling on the ground? Helping someone else put on their boots? Is that something YOU would do? Notice where Garibaldi's sword is? Answers to geography skill builder are superficial -- have you answered completely? 18/20

2/14/12 India and Britain

1) **Sepoys:** People that have started the rebellion against British rule. 2) **Sepoy Mutiny:** The mutiny that marked the beginning of Sepoys fighting against British rule because they felt that Britain was violating their religious laws and customs. 3) **Congress Party:** The political party which fought against Britain for the ideas of equal rights. 4) **Mohandas K. Gandhi:** Man who lead people to go against British through nonviolent ways. He was able to get Indians to live better by lowering tax, increasing work pay and condition. 5) **Muhammad Ali Jinnah:** Man who tried to get Hindus and Muslims to work together but failed. His actions resulted in major separation of India. First the separation of Indian into India and Pakistan, and then the separation of Pakistan into West Pakistan and Bangladesh.
 * TERMS & NAMES**

MAIN IDEAS 1) Four factors that have contributed to Britain's conquest of India are: the superiority of Britain's military technology and force, Indian Kingdoms were in chaos due to fighting for power, Britain was focused on their goal as the Indians political structure was falling, Britain was able to form a stable government and system of law. All these factors made it easier for Britain to take over India.

2) The Sepoy Mutiny occurred because the Sepoys believed that the British were violating their religious laws and culture. The British had Indians grease the cartridges of rifles with pig and cow grease, but those were animals that Indians (being Hindus and Muslims) could not kill. The main result of the Sepoy Mutiny is that it became a turning point for British rule, and Britain took control over India.

3) Indian independence was promoted by the Congress Party, who fought for equal rights for Indians, and the Muslim League. Both parties promoted self-government and independence.

4) The four general principles of Gandhi's philosophy are: to live simply and not for materialistic gains, to accept religious views of others, to devote life in helping others, to go against injustice but to never use violence to do it.

5) The role Jinnah played in the partition of India was that he tried to get Muslim and Hindus to work together to achieve Indian Nationalism. Unfortunately, he was unable to get the Congress Party's agreement in getting them to have equal rights (greater rights for minorities). Soon enough, India was parted into India and Pakistan. Jinnah became the leader of Pakistan, but after his death, Pakistan split into West Pakistan and Bangladesh.

DOCUMENTS

6) Document C was Pro-British in nature, because it states that they are changing the Indians' thought, religious ideas and moral level of the whole country. It also states that Britain have given India great and permanent benefits. Documents B, is one of the Pro-Indian documents, because it states that the Sepoy Mutiny was an act of Justice. Document H is also Pro-Indian, because the Constitution is made of what Indians want, such as equality and freedom. Document L is the last Pro-Indian document, because the man states that after achieving independence, things have become much better for Indians, such as the increase of life expectancy.

7) Indians in the lowest levels of their society can benefit from the Constitution in Document H by having equal rights for all citizens. This includes having equal protection within India, having equal opportunity of employment and appointment to any office under State and to live without "Untouchability". They could also benefit because they were given the right to freedom. This meant that all citizens had the right to freedom of speech and expression, to assemble peaceably & without arms, to form associations or unions, to move freely throughout India, to settle in any part of India, to be able to own property and to practice any profession or have any job, trade or business.

8) British colonization's had lasting impacts on India. Document L states that due to British rule, India's independence made India's economy improved, as everyone was able to dress properly. It also stated that everyone was able to get at least 2 meals a day, and that the life expectancy has increased from 30 to 60 years, meaning that living conditions improved as well. The British rule also made times in India tough, as they introduced laws, regulations and taxes and increased the land revenue (Document D). It has also made India weak both politically and economically (Document F). Document H makes us infer that the Constitution was made due to the Indians' reaction to the British rule, meaning that British rule gave the idea of democracy and independence to India.

CRITICAL THINKING 9) The causes of cultural conflict between the British and the Indians is that Indians believed the British were making them go against their religious view. British people, on the other hand, believed that they were much more superior than Indians.

10) Some positive effects of British Rule in India is that it was able to give a stable government and system of law to India, and that India was able to get "westernized". Some negative effects were that people were not happy under British Rule and that led to people fighting for rights and freedom.

11) Gandhi's four principle were effective when dealing with more powerful countries because to act with violence against a much more powerful country is very close to certain failure, especially when the difference of power is overwhelming. Also, by devoting one's life to a cause, they can be no way that they would be ignored. Gandhi's ideas were also able to united the people of India.

12) Muslims demanded a separate nation because of their different practice of religion, which most of Indians were Hindus. They just could not tolerate one another.

13) The colony of India broke up into four different countries because of many internal conflicts that have occurred. These internal conflict are of religious differences and the lack of leadership.

19.5/20

2/11/12 Global Impact of Imperialism Tasks

1) Table

2) Image Analysis

CHINA: 1) This image is anti-Imperialism because it shows China that is about to be feasted upon by other countries. Also, the face of the snake, which symbolizes China, looks like it has either given up or has lost and is accepting defeat. 2)The Chinese are being viewed as the property of other countries now. 3) The imperialists are viewed as those who want to control China 4) The message is that many imperial countries wanted China for themselves

KOREA:

1) This image is anti-Imperialism because it shows Korea struggling as Japan and Russia, fight. The tug of war represents War and Korea is in the middle, being the victim. 2) Korea is being viewed as the ones suffering from the war between Japan and Russia. 3) Japan and Russia are viewed as those who fight for more power. 4) The message conveyed is that Korea was the victim of the war between Japan and Russia. This relates to the Korean proverb: "Shrimps are the victims of Whales' war"

THE UNITED STATES: 1) This image is anti-imperialism because it shows the United States, represented by the striped eagle, tearing out South American countries and feasting upon them. Also, the eagles claws are causing Earth to bleed. 2) South America is being viewed as food for the United States. 3) The United States is viewed as those who are harming the countries in South America, and those that are harming earth for their actions. 4) The message conveyed is that the United States is detrimental to countries and to Earth.

In Feudalism, wealth was generated by peasants. They would use the Noble's lands and in return, give them labor and a part of their protection for military protection. In Mercantilism, wealth was generated through foreign trade, which the government controlled. Countries focused on the idea of having more exports than imports to gain wealth. The trade let countries prosper and also gave them protection. Many countries were colonized by other countries to gain more wealth in Mercantilism
 * 1) Feudalism and mercantilism were two economic systems that preceded capitalism. Review and summarize (in your own words) how they generated wealth. How does capitalism DIFFER from these two systems?**

Capitalism is different from these two systems because in capitalism, private owners control the industry and earns wealth, but in Feudalism and Mercantilism, the landowners and the country controls the wealth. This meant that in Feudalism and Mercantilism, only the wealthy were able to earn even more wealth, but in Capitalism, individuals with the "goods" are all able to earn wealth.

According to the lecturer, the forces that drive capitalism is Imperialism and Colonialism, markets, and the ability to get energy from fossil fuels)
 * 2) According to this lecturer, what forces drive capitalism?**

Very well done! These cartoons were well analyzed. 20/20

02/8/11 The Scramble for Africa Tasks


 * Task 1:**
 * Discussing table with Ryan**


 * Task 2:**
 * 1)** In 1914, Britain and France controlled the largest sections of Africa. Britain controlled: Egypt, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Nigeria and the Union of South Africa. France controlled the French West Africa.


 * 2)** I think these countries had the largest area of Africa because they began imperialism earlier than other countries and were able to take over much morel and than others.


 * Task 3:**
 * Notes of Video added to Table**


 * Task 4:**
 * 1)** The Berlin Conference was a meeting of countries with great power that came together to divide Africa's land into colonies for them. These countries included: France, Great Britain, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, Spain and the United States.


 * 2)** Three outcomes of the Berlin Conference was similar to the consequences of Imperialism: The social, economic, political and cultural structures were broken. Natives(Africans in this case) got diseased, starved and were reduced. It also made the colonies depend on the powerful, industrialized nations.

1) I think this image is pro-imperialism because Africa it shows John Bull, a symbol of the British, reach over to the South of Africa where they could collect gold. 2) Africans are being viewed as a source of gold in this image, as the label Gold Fields can be seen on the African Continent. 3) The British are being viewed as those that benefit by taking over land. 4) The message conveyed by the author is that the British are trying to take over more land.
 * Task 5:**
 * Image Number 1**

1) This image in Pro-Imperialism because a white man is leading dark-skinned children in to the light. 2) Africans are being viewed as those that are led by the White Man. 3) The Imperialists are viewed as those that civilize the Africans. 4) I think that the author is saying that through Imperialism, White people led Africans into the light, meaning they have let them develop.
 * Image Number 2**

1) I think this image is anti-imperialism because there is a crowned snake harming a dark-skinned man. The crown snake can be viewed as a symbol of Leopold. 2) This image is telling us that Africans are being harmed by Leopold. 3) This image tells us that Imperialists are harming the Africans. 4) The author is stating that by practicing Imperialism, Leopold is detrimental to Africans.
 * Image Number 3**

1) This image is pro-imperialism because it explains the power the imperial countries have over other countries. 2) Africans are being viewed as people that: will listen to English people, fears the English navy, that cannot stop the English from doing what they want (hunting tigers in India). 3) The British are viewed as a powerful country that has much power over others. 4) The message conveyed by the Author is that Britain is very powerful.
 * Image Number 4**

1) This image is anti-imperialism because it shows Uncle Sam, a symbol of the U.S, standing over the dark-skinned children as a teacher. Also, the children are labeled in country names, which are the countries that are under America's possession. This means that they are under the watchful eye of the U.S. I can also see the dark skinned kid cleaning windows, which means that Africans are being educated for their labor. I can also see that the Africans are not getting fair treatment like the white kids in the back. 2) Africans are being viewed as those who are only educated for labor, and those that are being watched by the U.S. 3) U.S is being viewed as those that are carefully watching and educating the Africans for their labour. 4) The message conveyed by the Author is the United States was keeping an eye on their territories.
 * Image Number 5**

1) This image is anti-imperialism because the Africans are being viewed as prey of the crowned black eagle, a symbol of Germany. 2) Africans are being viewed as people that will soon be the prey of Germany. 3) Germany is being viewed as those that want prey, or land in this case. 4) The message conveyed by the author is that Germany was on the lookout for land.
 * Image Number 6**

1) This image is anti-imperialism because for one, I can see a black person that was hanged. Two, Lady Justice's scale is trying to show the white man that he is causing harm outside, but the white man is only focused on claiming more land, as he is looking at the map of the Philippines. 2) The Africans are viewed as victims of the white people's expedition and colonies. 3) The White people are viewed as those who only focus on getting wealthier and people that do not see the harm they are causing. 4) The message conveyed here is that the white people are not able to recognize the harm they are causing to others from their ways of gaining wealth. The image also states that their actions are not those of justice.
 * Image Number 7**

You still could improve your cartoon analysis (eg. last one is incorrectly understood), but you've done well with the others. 28/30

02/7/11

Imperialism Table

**Document-Based Question:** Do Darwin’s theories apply to culture and society? Why or why not? Use the excerpts above and strong examples to support your points.

I think that Darwin’s theories apply to culture and society. Darwin’s theories have a strong and similarity to our culture and society. The “Struggle for Existence” states that competition exists between species. This is also true for us, because people always compete for goods, for land, for wealth. We were always competitive beings. The “Survival of the Fittest” also relates to our society, where only the strongest of the strong have a better chance of living. An example of this would be powerful/rich people; because they have that power or wealth that others don’t have, they can live far better off than others in poverty. There was also a statement about a growth of certain species (missul-thrush), causing a decrease in another species (song-thrush). Events similar to these can also be seen in our society, as when one gains much wealth, it means that others must have lost wealth. Darwin’s theories also says that the descendants of a species are more diverse, they will have a better chance of surviving. I think this can relate to our society, because people are different. Everyone is unique. I believe that these differences can trigger our success in our society, just like those differences could be a matter of life and death to animals. Darwin’s theories can be seen in our own culture and society.

“the more diversified the descendants become, the better will be their chance of success in the battle for life.” “struggle will generally be more severe between species of the same genus, when they come into competition with each other, than between species of distinct genera.” “The recent increase of the missel-thrush in parts of Scotland has caused the decrease of the song-thrush” “variations useful to any organic being ever do occur, assuredly individuals thus characterized will have the best chance of being preserved in the struggle for life;”
 * Excerpts used: **

So if it is "survival of the fittest", is it "natural" for weaker individuals, or nations, to become extinct because they cannot compete?! Please INTEGRATE the excerpts you use as evidence into your response, rather than separating them. Table was exceptionally well done.

9/10

02/5/11 White Man's Burden Questions

1) I think that “The White Man’s Burden” is implying that it is the white people’s duty to rule over those that are undeveloped, such as the Philippines, in this case.

2) I disagree with Kipling’s characterization of the undeveloped countries. Presuming that these countries need help even without hearing their opinion means that powerful counties are condescending towards them. It also shows that they do not care for the other countries’ voice.

3) This tells us that the Europeans and Americans were condescended the east of the world during the midd 1800 ~ early 1900’s. “ Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half devil and half child” is a part of the poem which states that people in the undeveloped countries were like the devil. Also, the part in the poem which says “By open speech and simple, a hundred times made plain,” indicates that Europeans and Americans thought those from other countries were not intelligent.

4) I do not think that KIS is an example of The White Man’s Burden in modern Korean society because people in KIS do not look down on each other. Also, we receive the same education and treatment on our school campus, which does not make us superior nor inferior to other schools.

I would like question 4 to address what the "white man's burden" is. Your answer seems to deal exclusively with racism, or the lack of it at KIS. 9/10

02/1/11 pp 307 Document-Based Questions

1) Carnegie and Engels disagree about Industrialization's effects because Carnegie only sees the positive side, and Engel only sees the negative side of it. Carnegie sees that Industrialization will make Industries prosper but cannot see the effect it will have on the people. Engel focuses on its impacts on the people, stating that the people will not be able to provide necessities for themselves. Engel and Carnegie's perspective upon the effects of Industrialization, so it is not surprising that they would disagree.

2) Mary Paul may be satisfied with her job because she could have lived in the countryside before she took the job in the factory. This means that by working in the factory, she is able to earn more than she has before, which can influence her to think that her life in the factory isn't so bad after all.

3) The political cartoon by Walter crane can be useful in getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism because socialism is represented by an angel and capitalism is represented by a devil. It is common sense that the angle symbolizes good and the devil symbolizes bad, so by looking at this picture, people will feel that capitalism is bad and that socialism is good.

I don't understand what you mean by the last sentence you wrote for Question #1. WHY would Engels and Carnegie hold just different opinions? The other two questions are well answered, showing inferences based on evidence. 8.5/10

01/30/11 Communism Questions

Marx would not have agreed that these countries were communist because there Marx's idea of communism, people would share, help and care for each other until the government is no longer necessary, but these countries have governments.
 * Would Marx have agree that these countries were "communist"?**

In the communist world, the government could meet the citizens' needs but chooses not to. In Third World countries, the government sometimes cannot suffice the citizens' needs to due lack of wealth, and in First World countries, the government takes care of the citizens needs. Today, most communist countries are distinguished from other worlds as having rich dictators.
 * What has happened to the "communist" world (once called the "Second World", to distinguish it from the "First World" -- wealthy capitalist countries, and the "Third World" -- poor countries)?**

I think this has happened due to the greed of money the government of the communist countries have, which made them hold on to all of the country's money.
 * Why do you think this has happened?**

I think that it was good for the idea of the growing gap to not materialize because in this scenario, more people would be poor rather than rich. The poor would then revolt due to their unsatisfactory lives in order to stand equal to the other rich people. In conclusion, even if the Union Movement (UM) nor reform laws were made, the outcome would be similar over time. I think that the UM and reform laws were good because they were able to stop much violence and protest that would have been in editable.
 * What do you think of the idea that the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world never materialized because of the Union movement (the formation of trades unions who unite to demand better working conditions for workers) and reform laws (to improve conditions for workers, eg. safety requirements, limits on the length of the working day, minimum wages)?**

01/25/11 The Industrial Revolution, and the urbanization that accompanied it, have been described as a mixed blessing. To what extent to you agree with this statement?

I agree with this statement that the Industrial Revolution is a mixed blessing. The Industrial Revolution created jobs. More people could earn money and create ab etter life for themselves. It also gave people more opportunities to prosper. Even with all these positive effects, the industrial revolution crucially affected the health of the people. Working in factories and mines, people were constantly able to get diseased from the unhealthy working conditions. The Industrial Revolution provided the people with both good and bad and it could be defined as a mixed blessing.

01/23/11 Child Labor Pictures Paragraph

When I read the pages about child labor, I read about how serious and detrimental it was to the children. Children were used in carpet factories, mines, glassworks and garment-making sweatshops, due to their advantage of having small, nimble bodies. Children were beaten by employers and other workers as they had no possible way of defending themselves. Children had to work in unfortunate conditions such as cramped, hot factories. They also had a high chance of getting diseased by working in places such as the cotton mill, from which the cotton dust gave the workers the White Lung Disease. Looking at these pictures make me see that the children had to live through an extremely hazardous life. The work that children had to do were difficult and harmful towards them.

01/18/11 Mind Map of Invention - Television http://www.mindmeister.com/133811221/television

12/09/11 The Congress of Vienna

4) Napoleon's empire collapsed due to his want for power. If Napoleon didn't constantly fight wars to gain more power, he may have not fallen. One example is of when Napoleon fought the war to invade Britain when Britain barricaded France. Due to the overwhelming British navy, Napoleon lost and thus began his fall. Napoleon also throned his brother the King of Spain to have power over the Spanish. This enraged many Spanish people and with the support of Britain, the Spanish fought Napoleon and made him lose at least 300,000 of his troops. The third example of Napoleons greed for power was when he tried to rule Russia. He marched on to Russia and fought. At the end, he found his army in Moscow, where no supplies nor food were visible. In Moscow, his soldiers had to endure the cold weather, hunger, and attacks from Russian troops. Napoleon had lost 390,000 of 400,000 men when he exited Russia. He was exiled to an island for his defeat but he returned for more power. He raised another army and started waging more wars, but lost his final one in Waterloo. He was on his way to invade Prussia but was confronted by both Britain and Prussia. He lost the battle and was exiled to another island, and perished there. If Napoleon had stopped his greed for power and started to focus on making France better in other ways rather than military power, I believe that he could've ruled France for a longer time.

5) The Congress of Vienna was held by leaders of many nations to bring order to Europe. After Napoleon's attacks upon many other countries, a peace plan was essential for Europe to maintain order. The first goal of the Congress was to stop France from attacking anymore countries. If France continued its rampage Europe would not be able to be in peace. The second goal was to have a balance in power so no individual nation had too much power. If one nation had more power than others, it may result in that certain nation wanting even more power, which would mean that more wars would be waged. The third goal was to put the monarchs back in power to rule their countries. This way, the countries would be able to run as they have before Napoleon kicked them off their thrones. The Congress of Vienna was a meeting to negate the effects Napoleon had on Europe during his reign.

11/23/11 One Sentence about Image on Quote

I chose the image of a thought having muscles because the quote stated the power of thought by stating that even though you can kill a revolutionary, you cannot kill the revolution.

11/15/11 Most Enlightened Despot (Glogster) http://phillipan1.edu.glogster.com/9f-phillipan-enlighteneddespot/

11/14/11 Absolutism Questions


 * Questions: (Decide whether each should be answered as a sentence or as a paragraph)**
 * What is absolutism?**

Absolutism is when the monarch rules with absolute sovereignty.


 * Explain the justification for absolutism referred to as the 'divine right of kings'.**

Monarchs were considered as representatives of God, which allowed them their words to become law, translating actions that challenge the monarch into challenging God.


 * List the causes of the rise of Absolutism in Europe.**

(T3EL) Absolutism in Europe rose due to the people’s will. Absolutism occurs when the monarch has absolute power. One cause of absolutism is from the disastrous 14th century, the people were willing to accept a powerful monarch. The people’s will changed because a monarchy would be able to bring order to their lives. Another reason is the Protestant Reformation. The people needed to be leaded and guided by a powerful ruler for their secular affairs. Also, Absolutism occurred to maintain order. For this, a bureaucracy was created, which had central authority and supported the monarchs increase power. Absolutism occurred through the need and want of the people.


 * 4) Explain briefly how absolutism developed in**
 * Spain**
 * France**
 * England**
 * Russia**

Spain:

Absolutism in spain developed with the decision of Philip II. His actions were able to increase the power of the Spanish Monarch. Philip II of the Habsburg family applied the divine right theory. This let him seem as a leader appointed by God, which gave him a significant amount of power. Philip II also made every decision for the country and even managed his own bureaucracy. Doing so, he was able to have much influence on the direction the country was traveling in. He then conquered Portugal and merged the power from both Spain and Portugal, giving him the absolute power. Philip II’s actions were able to bring him power, and it led Spain into absolutism during his rule.

France:

Absolutism in France was a result of the stopping internal conflicts from the rebelling aristocracy. With much arguments occurring within the country, the King decided to bring order. King Louis XIV decided to name himself as the God’s lieutenant in order to gain power. This made him impossible to rebel against, having accepted the common belief that to challenge the King’s authority is to challenge god. He then proceeded to limit the power of self-ruling towns. This let his government take control over France, which increased his power. Lastly, King Louis XIV’s ministers took control of managing the country’s status. This was able to emphasize King Louis XIV’s power. King Louis XIVs was able to bring himself to power by putting an end to France’s internal conflicts.

England:

Absolutism in England came from the decisions of the parliament. Absolutism had occurred as a sum of many ruler’s decisions throughout time. James I had first tried to use his divine right to rule. His behavior was not able satisfy many of those in England. His son, Charles created problems for the constitution and after having fought the parliament Charles was beheaded. This was able to bring up problems for future rulers to fix and improve upon. Charles II then rose to throne and was able to gain parliament support. This united power between Charles II and the parliament was able to bring absolutism. England’s absolutism came from the choosing of the rulers of England, directly related to the views from the Parliament itself.

Russia:

Absolutism in Russia had already existed in the 15th Century but was enhanced in the 18th Century by Peter I. There was a form of absolutism that Peter I was able to solidify into reality. Peter I created a strong central government. This expanded Russia by having improvements made in the industries and army of Russia. He then took place in many wars. This opened Russia to the West and brought positive influences the the RUssian Industries. Peter I also limited the power of the church. This action was able to bring him even more power because the people’s reliance of the church would decrease. Absolutism in Russia was able to take form due to Peter I’s actions.

11/10/11 Speed-Dating (Voltaire) media type="youtube" key="sBROeirET7A" height="315" width="560"

10/27/11 __**Port 4:**__

__As you watch this video about Japan's attempts to build an empire in the 16th century, answer these questions:__

Bald Rat is Hideyoshi, who has restored order during the chaotic 16th century when rival warlords were trying take control over pieces of Japan.
 * Who was "the Bald Rat"?**

Japan hoped to build its empire in China.
 * Where did Japan hope to build its empire?**

The Japanese invasion of Korea failed due to Korea’s turtle boats and it stopped him from building his empire.
 * What stopped it from building its empire as planned?**

They didn’t try again because Hideyoshi’s death brought Japan into isolation. Another reason is because Hideyoshi’s successor Hideyori had committed suicide, there was no other person to continue Hideyoshi’s work. The next shogun also shut Japan’s doors because he had different visions from Hideyoshi’s.
 * Why didn't they try again?**


 * AP-PARTS**

__Edicts for 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan__


 * A:** The Tokugawa Shogunate created the source. The Tokugawa Shogunate were Shoguns that ruled Japan during 1603 to 1867. Their views are to protect Japan.


 * P:** The source was produced in 1635. This means that the source was created to limit Japan’s interaction with the world because Japan was in isolation during that time.


 * P:** I know that Japan was once on the track of going well until it chose to be isolated from the world due to the loss in the war with Korea. This can help you understand why this source was created by acknowledging the defeat of Japan and that the defeat has impact Japan hard enough for them to go into isolation with these edicts.


 * A:** The source was created for the official administrators of the port of Nagasaki. This would make the source more credible because it seems like these edicts are something serious, judging from the importance of the creator and audience of this source.


 * R:** The source was created so that the official administrators of the port of Nagasaki could follow these.


 * T:** The source is trying to convey the detachment of Japanese from the world.


 * S:** The source is significant because it tells us why Japan was not able to dominate and be glorious due to their separation. From this document I can infer that Japan lost the chance to rule their lands because of their decision of being isolated.

__QianLong__


 * A:** Emperor Qian Long created this source. I know that he had ruled China during 1793. Qian Long’s point of view is that China is still the most powerful country in the world. Qian Long does not recognize how powerful England (Europe) has become.


 * P:** The source was produced around 1793.


 * P:** I know that China was in isolation in this time. This helps me understand the arrogance of Qian Long in the letter, thinking that China was still the most powerful country during that time period.


 * A:** The source was created for King George III. This does not make the source more reliable when looking at the big picture of what’s going on because China’s point of view is arrogant.


 * R:** This source was produced to notify King George III about Qian Long’s view of the Chinese trade with England and his views on the policies and economy of China.


 * T:** The source is trying to convey that China is still all-powerful and is the dominant country in the world during that time period.


 * S:** The source is important because it shows the way China was thinking during that time period. From reading this document I can infer that China thought that they were still the alpha male of the the world.

10/24/11 Phillip An & Ryan Lee Explorer's Journal

=__**Port 1**__= =__**Readying Our Voyage!**__=
 * Map for Port 2 will be handed in separately along with contract stating that we have discussed the questions**
 * Cornell Notes: Chapter 3, Section 1 pp. 92-101**
 * || **Why did the Age of Exploration begin?** ||
 * Pg 94 Map: Shows the voyage routes of Dias, Vasco da Gama, Zheng He

Caravel*: Sturdier version of the ships used in 1200’s.

Pg 97 Ship: Shows how the Caravel looks like and describes its parts.

Line of Demarcation*: Imaginary line through Atlantic Ocean which states all land West to the line was Spain’s, all land East to line was Portugal’s

Treaty of Tordesillas*: Treaty signed to state that they honor the line

Straits of Hormuz*: Let Portugal connect Persian Gulf & Arabian Sea

Pg 100 Map: Shows the trading Ports and Territories of different European Countries.

East India Company*: established direct trade throughout Asia || Renaissance supported curiosity and spirit of adventure

__Why did the Europeans start exploring?__ - They looked for trade routes. Wanted Wealth - They wanted to spread Christianity

The technology of Europeans allowed them to travel easier. (Caravel*)

__How did Portugal start Exploring?__ Portugal explores Africa 1460, Portugal created trade post along Western Africa shores Portugal goes to Asia Da Gama gave Portugal a sea route to India.

__How did Spain start Exploring?__ Hired Christopher Columbus. (Found Caribbean, but Spain and Portugal both believed he found a route to India) Tension between Spain and Portugal increased, Pope stopped tension with Line of Demarcation* and Treaty of Tordesillas*

__What were the trading Empires in the Indian Ocean?__ Portugal: - Took control of Spice trade - Stopped Muslim traders from Reaching India by Controlling Straits of Hormuz*

Other Nations - English and Dutch both created East India Company* but Dutch’s was richer, so English was driven out - Britain and France establish trade posts in India, did not get much profit. || The Age of Exploration begun with Europe wanting to get richer, to spread Christianity, and to establish trade routes. Portugal was able to dominate in Spice trade, the English, Dutch, France all created trading posts. I can see that there was a sort of competition going on for trade routes and wealth.
 * Were other countries in Europe not powerful enough to start exploring as well?*
 * The Main Idea:**

=**Discussion***=


 * What possible rewards might come from exploring the seas for new lands?**

Explorers start voyages with a certain goal in their mind. Those goals could hold their hopeful achievements or even the explorer's dreams. But mostly, voyages are made for the rewards. Possible rewards that could come from exploring the seas are new trade routes. Another could be the spread of religion and wealth. When a certain country sends an explorer to reach another country a trade route can be established between the two countries. Also the countries could influence the other country with their religion. Gaining wealth is also possible during these voyages by either trade or forced claims. Overall, voyages have promised benefits for the people that have supported the explorer's voyage.


 * What are the risks involved in embarking on a voyage into the unknown?**

There are always risks upon embarking a voyage. The weather, the maps, the diseases. These are just some of the examples of the danger the adventures can bring you. Storms can destroy your ships and the diseases can kill your men. The maps could have wrong information, and your journey could have been a waste of time, effort, and money. Risks are always taken into consideration before starting a voyage, but that doesn't mean that you won't be in danger of any.


 * What will you do if you actually run into other people?**

Most people have the basic instinct to start befriending who ever they meet. Phillip says that he would cautiously start interacting with them and try to establish a form of trust. Phillip chose this action because this bond could one day help them achieve something great in the future. Ryan says that he would first try getting to know them, but states that he wouldn’t hesitate to get rid of them if they proved dangerous. Having packs of useless stuff never appealed to Ryan so he decided to "get rid of them" if he had the chance and reason to. Although meeting new people are always different, there is never a reason to just decide to categorize them as dangerous or useless.

__**What’s this navigational Device?!**__ A compass is a circular, navigational instrument which points to the North, in any time, anywhere. The magnetic arrow (usually red) point to the North and the opposite needle point to the South. Using that information, you can navigate using your map lining yourself up so that the arrow's direction on the compass diagram (on the map) is similar to your own compass' arrow. The compass has helped many navigators and explorers find their location on the map and allowed them to continue traveling in the right direction. Without the compass getting lost in the wild could be a common thing for explorers.
 * Compass**

=__**Port 2**__= =__**Getting to know our Enemies..!**__= 1502, discovered continent between Europe and Asia, led to continents being names after Amerigo Vespucci. || =**Port 3**= There are a total of 3 causes of slavery. Africans were a major source of labor force for the Europeans because One, is the fact that Africans were immune to European diseases. Two, Africans knew how to farm. Three, they would not be able to be free because of their lack of geography in America and if they escaped, they would stick out significantly due to their skin tone. Europeans needed strong workers who knew what they were doing to work in America. Africans were just the thing they needed. An African who wouldn't wither easily by diseases, who knew how to farm and who wasn't able to be free in this new country, it was the perfect match for the European's slave standards. These details were the cause of African slavery.
 * **Name** || **Date of Voyage** || **Size of Fleet** || **Summary of Voyage / Achievements** ||
 * Ferdinand Magellan || 1519 ~ 1521 || 5 Spanish Ships, 251 men || Magellan leads 5 ships from Spain around the world. 1520, Storm destroys on of the ships, Magellan discovers a route to the Pacific Ocean. 1521, Magellan discovers Philippines, but is killed by natives. Known as first circumnavigator. ||
 * Amerigo Vespucci || 1499~1501 || 4 Spanish Ships || 1499, Vespucci lead ships from Spain to Northern Coast of South America. Became first European to see Brazil and explore Amazon River.
 * Vasco da Gama || 1497~1499 || 4 Ships, 170 men. || 1497, Da Gama sailed from Lisbon, Portugal to Africa’s Cape of Good Hope and continued to India. Was able to have good trades but did not get to keep trading goods due to large tax. Rewarded by the King for the trip when he returned to Portugal 1499 ||
 * Phillip An & Ryan Lee || 1498-1500 || 5 Ships || 1498, sail from S. Korea down and around Australia and back up to S. Korea. 1499, Ryan gets killed by Native Australians (Aborigines). Phillip continues voyage back to S. Korea. Develops trade rote between S. Korea and Australia, Phillip is greatly rewarded when voyage finished. ||
 * Causes of African Slavery**

T**he Triangular Trade** The triangular trade has three routes to it. Its purpose was to deliver goods and slaves from three different places: Europe, America, and Africa. In the process of the Triangular Trade, the first transaction occurs between Europe and Africa, by Europeans sending manufactured goods. The goods are then traded with slaves in Africa, and those slaves are sent off to the West Indies. Merchants who are stationed in the West Indies then buys products of labor such as sugar, coffee and tobacco and sends these products back to Europe, completing the cycle. This cycle continues to repeat.

The Slave trade is considered a very serious matter. It was a horrible action and negative consequences followed. Africans lost generations of their fittest, many of their families were separated due to the Slave Trade and American culture became a spinoff of the African Culture. Europe wanted the fittest slaves they could get, so they always took out the fittest Africans. Doing such actions, these slave's families had to part with him / her. Having so much slaves in America, the slaves did not forget their culture. The slave's culture eventually started to influence the American culture over a long period of time. Even though the Slave Trade is thought to be an unacceptable act, without it, American Culture would not have been what it is today. Although there were some positive effects of the Slave Trade, it is still believed to be inhuman to commit such actions such as trading lives.
 * Consequences of Slave Trade**


 * || **How did the Columbian Exchange effect the Global Trade?** ||
 * Columbian Exchange*- Global transfer of foods, plants and animals during the colonization of the Americas.

Capitalism*- Economic system based on private ownership and the investment of recourses.

Timeline pg139- This shows the timeline of how the Americas,Europe, and Africa meet.

Mercantilism*- A country’s power depends on it’s wealth. || -Since Columbus had found America, the Columbian Exchange* had been a hit.

Corn & Potatoes were the most popular

Very nutritious-> People lived longer-> Population +

Items from Europe came to America.


 * Exchange brings crisis to Natives**


 * Diseases such as smallpox & measles occur.**

Europeans can fight the diseases but Natives cannot.


 * Europe’s economics rise incredibly.**


 * Capitalism* increases.**

Merchants become wealthy.

Due to the rise of economy, prices rose.

Joint-Stock Companies develop


 * Mercantilism* starts.**

The goal of every nation was the attain as much wealth as possible.

2 ways that a nation could become wealthy was i- obtain as much gold/silver as possible ii- establish a favourable balance of trade.

Economic Revolution Changes European Society

Merchants/Monarchs become too wealthy. Rest become poor. || Main Idea: The colonization of the Americas introduced new items into the Eastern and Western hemispheres. The Exchange brought problems to the Natives such as diseases like smallpox and measles. Thanks to the diseases, the European’s economy rises significantly and capitalism and mercantilism starts to show.

09/21/11 Class 13 Activity


 * Countries with more than 1 million Muslims:** This image shows me countries that have more than 1 million Muslims in them by the size of the circle on top of each country. The more Muslims there are, the bigger the circle gets. I can see that there weren't that many Muslims in China, compared to the rest of the world. China even had less Muslims than the U.S.


 * Voyages of ZhangHe**: This image shows me where ZhengHe has traveled during is voyage. I can see that his Voyage was focused in Asia. I think this is because ZhuDi didn't acknowledge to power of European Kingdoms and focused on Asian Kingdoms. He has probably chosen this route because in that age, it was the golden age for the Muslims. ZhuDi probably knew about their successes and chose to venture out and gain their trust and take away their power.

09/20/11 See/Think/Wonder

1) I see a naked man touch fingers with a man carrying a shield above him. Under the shield are some people who seems to be clinging on to the other man. I think that this is a painting. I also think that this painting is supposed to symbolize the relationship between men and higher beings such as gods, oh the fact that the man on the right is flying. I wonder if why there are people clinging on to the man on the right.

2) I see hands nearly touching that is extremely similar to the 1st picture. I think that this is a zoomed version of the painting above. I wonder why they zoomed into the painting above to create a new painting.

09/5/11 Class 11 Diagrams and Questions


 * China's Golden age**: The image shows me the comparison in size between Chinese Leviathan Treasure Ship and Columbus' Ship, //The Santa Maria.// The Chinese ship is obvious much bigger than Columbus'.

The Chinese ship is considerably bigger than Columbus'. Also it looks like Columbus' ship was built for fast travels, while as the Chinese Ship was designed to be able to carry many goods. Also the bigger size of the Chinese ship shows superiority to the small vessel. The diagram makes me feel like China was the most powerful country back then.
 * 1) In 1421, China launched a fleet of over 800 ships of various sizes and carried more than 30,000 men. The fleet included over 300 leviathan "treasure ships," which were 480 ft long and 180 ft wide. Compare with the Santa Maria (Columbus' vessel), which was 150 ft long and a mere 20 ft wide.**


 * Europe in 1400**:This map shows me the land of each European Kingdoms in the 1400's and where each Kingdom was located. I can also see the powers of each kingdom by looking at the amount of land it owns.

The Holy Roman Emperor would come from the Holy Roman Empire, which is located closest to the German Kingdom and goes a little over the Kingdom of France. In the modern day Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Belgium, Netherlands and Switzerland is in place of the Holy Roman Empire. The Emperor of Byzantium would come from either of the two locations of the Byzantium Empire (Constantinople). One is between the Ottoman Sultanate of Rome and one is below Achaia. In the modern day, Greece is in place of one of the Byzantium Empire and Istanbul, a city of Turkey in the other location of the Empire. The Doge of Venice would come from Venice, which in the modern world is Crete, an island part of Greece. The King of England would come from the Kingdom of England, which in the modern world is now, England. King of France would come from the Kingdom of France, which in the modern world is France. The King of Castille would come from the Kingdom of Castille, which in the modern day would be Spain. The King of Portugal would come from the Kingdom of Portugal which in the modern world is now Portugal.
 * 2) Read the first paragraph of p. 45 Use this map, and the one in MWH p35, to identify where "the Holy Roman Emperor, the Emperor of Byzantium (also called Constantinople), the Doge (ruler) of Venice, and the kings of England, France, Castille and Portugal" would have come from had they been invited to Beijing on 2 February 1421.**






 * Territories of Dynasties in China**: This map shows me the amount of land each dynasties in China had.


 * Silk Road**: The image shows me the routes of the Silk Road and what places the Road took place in.

In the modern world, the Silk Road would go through China, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. I think this is because those countries were better developed than European countries in that time.
 * 3)** **The "Silk Road", along which Chinese traders journeyed to sell their silks, spices, porcelain and other valuable commodities, was actually a web of many routes that extended from Xi'an into the heart of the Islamic world.**
 * Through what MODERN countries did the silk roads go?**


 * European City Population:** This image tells me the number of population in Europe during the 1400's and the 1600's. I can tell that there were more activity in the 1600's then the 1400's in the distribution of the dots. The population in the 1600's are more scattered than the population in the 1400's.


 * Beijing City Wall map & Beijing Map Overview:** The images show me the past map of Beijing and the current map of Beijing. The past map looks much simpler with less buildings. The newer map of Beijing looks very complicated with many roads, buildings and such. This tells me that Beijing has developed a lot throughout time.

I can see that Beijing has gotten much more complicated than before. More streets and more facilities are visible and the Tian'anmen in the past looks similar to the modern one. The body of water that was inside the imperial city and the Temple of Heaven is still located at the same part. There still are countless roads and buildings that were added to throughout time.
 * 4)** **Compare this map of the great walled capital Zhu Di built, to this map of modern China. The Forbidden City is now the Palace Museum, and is located at the centre of the map below:**


 * Great Wall map:** The image tells you where each wall was located in China.

Using the Modern World History online textbook: If the Great Wall began at the Yalu River and extended 6400 km West of Beijing, the Great Wall would end at Iran.
 * 5) On p. 54, Menzies writes that Zhu Di extended the Great Wall (which is actually many separate sections of wall created over hundreds of years) from 5,000 kms to 6,400 kms. You'll notice, that doesn't mean that the wall was 6,400 kms long. If it WAS, where would it reach, if it began at the Yalu River? Use the map in MWH Atlas p A18-19 to estimate where you would end up if the wall really extended 6,400 kms due west of Beijing.**


 * Prime Meridian Time:** The image shows me that Greenwich, England is located at the Prime Meridian.


 * Grand Canal Map:** The image shows me where the Grand Canal passes through. Looking at the long Grand Canal I can conclude that there were huge amounts of people involved in creating it.

2 Sentences of 3 Maps 09/01/11

1)Islamic religion started to spread throughout the lands that were once the Ummayad Empire and the Abbasid Empire. 2) We can still find the Islamic religion in those areas in the modern day.

My Family's Important History (Sources) 08/23/11

Event: Family moves to the Philippines (2005) Recount: My family moved to the Philippines because my dad thought that Korean schools did not do enough of educating students. So we decided to move to the Philippines. I got the Philippines Visa so I could live there, the Philippines Peso I got in in the Philippines airport on the first day. One of the money collector sets. The photo located above is my Philippines Visa which allowed me to stay at the Philippines. This is a primary source because it was created in the time of the event, 2005 (As you can see in the picture above: Aug 08, 2005). This is a significant source because this is what ended the decision in the event of my family moving to the Philippines. Without this I would've never had lived a life I live now. I may have lived somewhere else and wouldn't met the people I would've met, living a whole different life altogether.
 * Written Source**: My Philippines Visa

This is one of the bills in the Filippino currency. It is a 100 pesos bill and it approximately cost 2500 in Korean won. This is a primary source because I got in the airport the day I was going to the Philippines. In the Philippines Airport I bought a money collector set of pesos and this is a bill in one of them. I've kept this over the period of 5 years I've lived in the Philippines. This source is significant because it was with me for the whole 5 years I lived in the Philippines, throughout the whole event. This source also shows how much moving to the Philippines meant to me, keeping it for 5 years like that. It is also important because it was the first Filipino bill I got my hands on.
 * Unwritten Source: Philippino Peso**

media type="file" key="My Song 2.mp3" width="240" height="20" I've interviewed my sister on what she thought when we moved to the Philippines. This is a primary source because my sister had felt this way when we were moving to the Philippines, so the thoughts were created when the event was happening. To conclude the interview, my sister wasn't feeling bad about moving because of the freedom she could have and had also really enjoyed her time there.
 * Podcast Interview:** Sister

Phillip, I'm pleased that you've put time, thought and effort into your answers. There are a few errors, or missing information, so you will want to pay attention when we take this up in class. 9.5/10

The Many Role's of Historians 08\20\11

Vocabulary:

Heretical: Not generally accepted Faggot : a lump of sticks Eucharist: Christian Ceremony that immitates the Last Supper using Holy bread and wine. Abstain: To keep self steady from thing with bad influence Penance: the punishment given when subject has sinned Beseeching: to beg for desperately Source: the origin of something. Place, thing, Person.

Hogflesh has been given penance for his beliefs and had to alert others of his sin and tell the others of him as a warning of what will happen if they commit the same sin as him. The Historian's story is of Hogflesh being punished for having different beliefs from others.
 * 1. In section 1, Heretical Beliefs, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's story or main point of the article?**

John Arnold states that a historian should be a recorder, by organizing the events in order. A historian should also be confident in their sources but that does not mean that they can ignore criticism from other historians. Historians should also try to fill the gaps in history by finding more information and must be able interpret them. There is also Ana analyst role historians play by presenting their findings.
 * 2. What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles?**

By treating sources with fidelity, it means that you must follow what the source states and have confidence in your source. You should not try to make up something that wasn’t stated in the source nor try to pretend you have not read a certain part of the source. It is important to remember this when reading historical references because the sources of the reference may have been altered slightly before publishing. As a student I think that we should keep an open mind when reading historical reference.
 * 3. What is meant by treat(ing) their sources with fidelity? Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references?**

A single event can be interpreted in more than one way by looking at it from different perspectives. One event in my life which could be interpreted in different ways would be when I stuck my tongue out at my first grade teacher. In my teacher’s perspective I was just a rude child because sticking your tongue out at people is not accepted as a gentlemen-like action. But in my perspective, I was actually suffering from OCD where I had a habit of sticking out my tongue every few minutes. If a historian wrote from my perspective I was only a victim of a disorder, but in my teacher’s perspective I was a rude child.
 * 4. How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view?**

Back in 5th grade I had a favorite toy. I used to play with it every day, but one day it disappeared. I went to my mom and asked if she knew where it was but she said that she didn’t. After searching for it for a few minutes I decided to think that my mom took it away from me. I confronted my mom and asked for it back but she just kept replying that she didn’t have it. In my mom’s point of view: Phillip came up to me and asked for his favorite toy, but I didn’t know where it was. He kept coming back and asked for it and it started to get really annoying. I kept thinking that he wanted attention. Soon, angered, I got up and found his toy under his own bed. It is possible for a historian to be completely objective because the way they remember it can be very different. I (Phillip) thought that my mom took it away from me but my mom thought that I just wanted to get her attention.
 * 5. Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response.**

If Historians practice subjective history the information may get jumbled up a little because subjective history is when many opinions about the history is given to finalize into one information. But using subjective history may even get a better detailed history because of the ideas many opinions have contributed. It made sense for me and my mom to remember the story that way because we haven’t told each other about our perspectives. This tells us that history can be recorded from only one perspective and can be seen as something very bias.
 * 6. What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history?**

Every historian is a story teller because they tell stories of the past. If there are myriad versions of every story it’d be difficult to trust historians because stories changes every time they are told. Although stories with many details could be trusted, as well as stories with many sources, because they prove that the story is true. So trusting a historian doesn’t end in trusting their stories, but trusting their sources.
 * 7. Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not?**

After reading my view of history has changed. Before I always thought that everything on textbooks must be correct and must be memorized, but now I know that history is full of stories and some of them could even be incorrect. Now that I have explored these views I will always have an open mind when reading historical text and make sure to get rid of bias opinions or judgments I could have
 * 8. How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views?**