Jae+Hyun+A's+World

Unit 7 Assessment - Debate - 05/22/2012

[]

Class 46

**Twins**

The abuse the twins are experiencing are shocking. Not only physical beating, but they were experimented due to their somewhat peculiar qualities. Many of the abuse the twins experienced would lead to mental shock, and in the case of women, infertility.

**Brothers**

The quote “tore out of the ability to love, to cry, lo laugh” really embodies how badly children were abused in the camps. The manner in which these children were treated were irrational, one in particular was how children would be beaten because of one child’s doing. The torment the brothers suffered destroyed what hope they had, and forgot the feeling of happiness when witnessing a happy moment, such as reuniting with ibe;s brother.

**Mordecai Eldar**

He describes the extent people had to go to in order to survive, and how he would watch one companion die after another. People lost hope of freedom, and the few left surviving were dead inside, just doing what was told. He would wear the clothes of the dead in order to keep warm.

**Zane Farbstein**

She describes how children were tossed into pits like trash, and then burnt alive, and how everybody in the camp would just wait for their deaths, for it was inevitable. The actions that are described show how strongly the Nazi’s must have believed that these laborers were not people, and how determined they were to prove it.

**Yakov Hollander**

It is hard how imagine how people were able to continue living a normal life after the experiences they have faced in the camps. Weighing 33kg when released, and losing his brother are results from tragic events, and would leaved me scared and dysfunctional forever. However, it is a relief to see that things like the art of music, and other forms of activities would bring back the life in victims after the war.

**Sophie Engelsman**

Victims of the Holocaust lost so much during their time, such as families and lovers, that I would not be surprised if when they finally were freed they could experience any real joy. However, in the case of Sophie Engelsman, one can see that some were finally able to move one and form new relationships and start new families.

**Eva Brown**

She summaries the entire experience of both during and after the holocaust. Again she was one of the few that were able to regain a grasp of their lives, and eventually become successful. However, scars of the camps still seem to remain. One that I feel must truly haunt her is the identity placed on her arm, constantly reminding her of the torment she had experienced.

10/10

Class 45

Bernard Montgomery: (1887 - 1976)

British Field Marshal who lead the Allies to victory in the Battle of El Alamein. This was one of the first greats victories for the allies. Lead the attack on D-Day as a commander.

Dwight Eisenhower

Popular US general in WW II. Had an important role in leading the Allies in Western Europe. He led the D-Day attack, and turned the tide of the war.

Comparing WWI and WWII

Image 1:


 * 1) Looking at the table, the USSR had the greatest number of killed soldiers and civilians by a clear margin. 13,600,000 military killed/missing and 7,720,000 civilians killed.
 * 2) The US spent $288.0billion which is double Great Britain’s cost, and triple Japan’s.

Image 2:

When looking at the scale of the two wars, WWII possessed several new characteristics that greatly spiked the number of military deaths. In the case of the USSR, unlike the previous leader, Stalin did not care for the number of soldiers that were killed, as long as cities like Stalingrad, and other territories were not taken away. Also, in WWI countries had a much smaller pool of resources that prevented the war for lasting, such as the reasons why Russia withdrew from the War. However, in WWII, all countries were spending billions of dollars on the war, and the pool of resource (food, clothes, weapons) was much greater, allowing countries to be more stubborn about surrendering. Transportation also greatly improved, so a lot more soldiers could be moved much more quickly, allowing more deaths to occur.

Image 3:

Displaced Persons

Reading off the perspective of Laura de Gozdawa Turczynowicz, readers experience a more realistic and honest interpretation of how desperate the people were, and the conditions people had to bare with. Families were torn apart, people would spend nights in crowded conditions, with scarce quantities of food.

Internment Camps

The oppression the Japanese civilians experience is clear. Despite the large number of people, there is a clear gap between the US soldiers and the Japanese civilians, indicating the low level of trust the two groups shared, and the lack of sympathy for one another. The tension between the two groups is clear.

10/10

Class 44 How is the same history conveyed so differently in these two videos? Which do you think is more "true": the Hollywood dramatization or the documentary?

In many cases movies tend to over dramatize the war situation, and make it seem much more heroic and honorable, rather than horrific, and sickening. However, in the case of **Saving Private Ryan**, the depiction is accurate in that in grasps the emotion and atmosphere very clearly. We have seasick soldiers, they are nervous, the caption is shaking, people are praying, and the entire event is chaotic. We can really feel the intensity and horror that comes with the war. The Documentary on the other hand provides a lot of numerical, and solid data. We don’t get to proper envision the situation but we know that all the information is true. The movie may be true for the most part, but it is still fictional in many ways. I felt that in war, the emotional impact and atmosphere is a far greater influence than the statistics and dates. It is the emotional impact of the movie that moves you and so I would say the Hollywood depiction is more true.

10/10

Class 43

**Japanse Internment: Fair or Unfair?**

The Japanese Internment camps were unfair. Many people undermine its unethical characteristics because in comparison to the Concentration Camps built by the German’s, these seem very comfortable. However, many of the acts done in the Internment camps were still wrong. There are recounts of how people were given poorly conditioned shacks, that had parched floors. Many people thought the way food was rationed was very unfair and disrespectful since many were not even familiar with the food. These camps were surrounded by tall fences and barbed wire, making it a prison, for unjust accusations. The US should not have been concerned with such Japanese-Americans because they are people who are American, and have forgotten any ideas that came from Japan. The way the Japanese-Americans were treated in the camps were unfair.

**War Time Propaganda**

**1.**

The video shows us many characteristics that we recognize such as the Alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan, and we have the big march of musicians and soldiers. The laborers are in constant oppression, and working work in the ammunition factories.

2.

The video reveals how although propaganda may have inspired many people, there were even more who were dragged into the situation and were forced to work for the country. Many workers - who were German - were still placed in prison and punished for misbehavior and being driven to insanity. It then goes on to show that the US is a liberated country with peace and comfort.

**3.**

Companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons as a method of propaganda. America needed to show the people how horrifying the Nazi Germans truly are, so that people fear them, and then are more motivated to fight against them.

**Political Cartoon**

**1.**

This is a poster symbolizing the American war effort at home. Uncle Sam is putting in the endless support from America that will result in supplies being sent to American soldiers.

2.

The American people have unlimited amount of support for the soldiers. They will constantly supply the soldiers.

10/10

Class 41 05/01

Questions (post answers on your gallery page):


 * 1) What was Operation Sea Lion?

A plan made by Germany to invade the U.K. However, in order for the plan to succeed, Hitler would need a more powerful air and naval force than Britain’s. The plan was cancelled in September 1940 after the German’s defeat in the Battle of Britain.


 * 1) Why did the battle not look good for Britain?

The British were not ready for the battle. They had a much smaller air force in comparison to the Luftwaffe.


 * 1) What advantage did Britain have?

The British were smart in their use of radars. They would use it in order track nearing planes and then eradicate them. Britain also had many volunteers from many different countries.


 * 1) What was Germany's mistake?

Germans believed that if the British cities were heavily bombed, the British would just forfeit. However, the British defense got a lot thicker, and many Germans ships were shot down.


 * 1) What was the impact of the bombing of London? How did the bombing of London aid Britain's cause?

The catastrophe that followed the bombing brought about so much outrage that it unified the people.

6) Why was the outcome of the battle of Britain significant for the Allies?

It brought back a lot of the morale for the Allies, and it proved that Hitler could be defeated.

Read the newspaper below about the Battle of Britain, and watch the two videos, then write a short paragraph that explains why the British were able to hold off the German invasion when they were militarily weaker. Use evidence to support your ideas. Post your work on your gallery page.

The British were not ready for this battle. They were heavily out gunned, with a much smaller number of planes. The radar was their new found hope. The radar would locate the enemy planes, and then the soldiers could easily have them destroyed. Britain got a lot of international help form immigrants, but also from the WAAF’s, Home Front Army, and the Observer Corps. There were also a lot of fund raisers held in order to aid the war. Morale was high among soldiers, for Winston Churchill was possessed a very powerful voice that motivated the people.

Podcast notes? 8/10

Class 40 04/30

10/10

Class 37 04/20 Oral Quiz

[|http://youtu.be/ny6tZkTgaE] 9/10

NOTES FROM YOUR READINGS?

Class 34 04/18

Oral Quiz

[]

VERY CLEAR AND ARTICULATE 10/10 WHAT HAPPENED TO YOUR ORAL QUIZ #2 ON THE INTER-WAR YEARS IN ASIA? 0/10

Class 33 04/16

Station 1

Station 2 International Herald Tribune

WAR VETERANS: OUR HEROES ARE **NOT** THANKED.

Thesis

During World War One, millions upon millions faced the rain of bullets, suffocating gas, starvation, mud, more mud, and then even more mud. However, finally when they ask for some compensation, but even our heroes must face the wrath of the Great Depression.

P#1

The Great Depression has proven to be a worser enemy than guns, and bullets, for our great veterans can not seem to dodge them.

P#2

The Veterans only came to ask for what they were promised a few years in advance.

P#3

After the Vito of the bill the majority of the veterans left with lost hope. However, few thousand veterans remained and showed their World War One fighting spirit. There was a riot and things got violent.

New York Times

THE STOCK EXCHANGE **CRASHES**!

Thesis

Everyone refused to believe it, but it finally happened; after the constant rise in prices and the money people just kept on making, finally, it has plummeted, and the money has vanished into thin air.

P#1

Millions of stocks are instantly sold, and no more are willing to buy. The money has vanished.

P#2

We were getting too greedy for more and more, and when we finally could not carry anymore. We slowed down, and now the market has crashed!

P#3

Thousands and thousands of people are marching to the banks in order to regain their life’s savings, but even the bank doesn’t seem to have your money.

Station 3 Notes

Hoover promises his people in 1914 that America will step out of poverty and never face it again. But it soon facin the great depression.


 * The Roaring 20s were coming to an end. House construction was going down.
 * 1926- businesses had too few inventories and few buyers.


 * People believed in the stock market.
 * The stocks kept rising, people believed stock prices would keep going on.
 * However, eventually the stock market drop and millions of stocks were sold in one day. **Black Tuesday.** Millions of more stocks were left unsold. All the money made the year before was lost.


 * The federal government invested in many businesses for low interests. Businesses began to keep borrowing more since the loaning system was poorly regulated.
 * Businesses borrowed to the point they could not pay back
 * Foreign countries were unwilling to buy American products.
 * Sales kept dropping.
 * During the roaring 20s many products kept being bought but soon stopped.


 * When people became worried about their savings, everyone rushed to the banks. Banks could not produce the money all at once and eventually shut down.
 * 9 million saving accounts lost.
 * 1933 1/4 of US banks failed.


 * 1 out 4 workers lost their jobs.
 * Joseph P. Kennedy, Bernard Baruch, Will Rogers were the few that profited from the time.
 * Soup kitchens became common places.
 * Shanty towns (Hoover Villes) were built for homeless people.
 * People left the cities looking for work.
 * 1929-1932 40,000 farms were lost to banks since they could not pay rent. More people were looking for jobs. Then there was the drought, and 1934 Strong winds blew dust East.
 * Many children left school to work. Schlerosis became more common


 * Hoover takes a conserative appproach to taking control of the economy. Meets with other business.
 * Builds large projects like the boulder/Hoover dam in order to provide jobs.
 * Gave 2 billion dollars to companies in order to save them. However, employment rate dropped further.


 * 1932, war veterans wanted their money now due to economy. They did not get it.


 * People were sick of Hoover. FDR becomes president. Brought opptimism to the people.
 * Made swift reforms, the New Deal.
 * I just 100 days in office congress approved more than 15 new legislations.
 * Relief for the needy, recovery for the economy, reform for the American financial system.
 * Then The emergency deposit relief act. Only the solid banks were allowed to reopen. People began to trust the bank again.
 * He prevented the manipulation of the stock prices. People began to trust it again.
 * Provided jobs to the youth.
 * CWA created more than 4 million jobs.
 * Jobs envolved planted trees to prevent soil erossion, schools and roads.
 * JUne 1933, past the Nation Industrail recovery act. Evened prices to balanced competition. PLaced minimum wages and maximum work time in order to increase production.
 * Reduced agricultural production to increase prices of crops.
 * 1935, NIRA was considered to be unconstitutional. Same for Agricutural reform thing.


 * New Deal did not help as much as Rooseelt. So he placed the second new deal.
 * Eleanor Roosevelt (wife) traveled the country to see the poverty and tell FDR to help the poor people. Symbol of hope
 * 2nd agricultural act.
 * Established camps for travelling workers.
 * Works progress Adimisintrations. Created more than 8 million jobs from 1935 to 1943.
 * Wednes Act, allowed workeder to form unions, and improved working conditions.
 * Social Security Act - Old people had insurance. Jobless people got compensations. Families received aid.
 * 1936 FDR was reelected.

Movies became very popular.

Radios aswell.

EXCELLENT WORK, THOUGH YOUR NOTES COULD USE SOME PROOF-READING. ORGANIZER IS ESPECIALLY WELL DONE. 10/10

Class 32 Oral Quiz

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3pt8tVSQvo&feature=youtu.be PLEASE MAKE THIS A LINK RATHER THAN JUST A URL. 10/10

Station 1 There were several issues that added to China’s problem. One of the first was that China had to give up areas of land after the Treaty of Versailles, when the Japanese Empire demanded that land once owned by Germany in Chinese land be given to Japan. This access to land allows Japan to fully realize their potential of being a formidable power, and in 1931 take over Manchuria. After a series of unequal treaties during the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese government did not have any power. They could not control the politics, economy, and infrastructure of the country. This led to political instability, and wide spread famine.

Station 2 Through the late 19th and early 20th century, Emperor Mutsuhito leads the nation into being the first industrialized Asian power. In their hopes of expanding their power, Japan imitated the politics, education, and military, of Britain, America, and Germany in order to grow into a powerful industrial economy.

“A graph that shows Japan’s GDP, industrial production, and employment rates from 1860, 1910, and 1929.” (Figure 1)

As the graph indicates above, through industrialization Japan continued to grow wealthier, and stronger. As the industrial production grew, employments rates lowered, and the people were growing richer. Japan no longer depended on foreign powers to maintain the countries. Japan was ready to finally regain control from foreigners and begin to expand their territory.

“A map that indicates the expansion of Japanese Territory. Land that was taken over by Japan must be marked in red. Manchuria and Korea should be marked with their annexation.” (Figure 2)

Finally in 1984 Japan attempts and succeeds at driving China out of Korea and taking it for themselves. Korea was often considered to be the bridge for Japan to gain access to the main lands, and in 1904 Japan remove Russia from Manchuria, and take over. It was in Manchuria that Japan gained the title as one of the modern industrial powers. In 1905, the Battle of Tsushima, the Japanese navy sink Russia’s, and leads to Japan’s victory against what was perceived to be the most powerful force in Asia. Manchuria gave Japan access to a large pool of resources, which further improved Japan’s industrialization and economy. The annexation of these countries inspired the overpowering countries like Taiwan and other Eastern colonies. The expansion of territory greatly benefitted Japan, but it tore apart Korean and Chinese families and placed the people under hard laws.

“Photos of the mass mobilization of Koreans and Chinese laborers for the production of Japanese goods”

4,000,000 Korean and Chinese civilians were removed from their homes in order to be shipped to Nothern Korea, Manchuria, and Japan in order to work in the mines and factories. A powerful rebellion could never truly be formed due to the scattering of the people across these countries, which made revolts almost impossible.

“Figure 1”

In 1929, Japan was hit by the depression. The civilian power had lost their voice, and were no longer seen as fit to rule the nation. Soon, the people only listened to the senior army general, for the people believed in their powerful army. This total control of power led to the total occupation of Manchuria in 1931, and the invasion of China in 1937. These acts were the beginning of World War II.

Station 3 After a careful analysis of the actions performed by both dictators, Mao Zedong is the more evil leader. The actions, and size of the devastation did not vary much between the two people. Both Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong killed millions of people, placed people into work camps, and used unethical methods for maintain their power. However, Joseph Stalin’s actions were largely caused by a fear of rebels, and a psychopathic mind. He could not see the wrong in his actions. In the case of Mao Zedong, the sugarcoating of his order, and image clearly show his awareness of the wrong he was doing. He used propaganda in order to make concentration camps seem like an honorable place to be at, and an aid to China. Mao Zedong was able to make himself seem like a hero for the actions he had done. Suddenly the death of millions, aws considered a his sacrifice for something much greater. Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong committed horrifying and destructive actions, but Mao Zedong manipulated the public.

WELL DONE, ESPECIALLY "TEXTBOOK" ASSIGNMENT. 10/10

Class 31 04/08/2012

Station 1 Why did Russia have an revolution in 1917?

There were several reasons why the Russia resulted in a revolution in 1917. The Tsar did not push for industrialization while other European countries did. This put Russia in a very weak position and resulted in a withdrawal from the war because they could not develop and build new weapons. The lack of industrialization limited the number of jobs available, and unemployment rate was high. The war brought a crisis in food, human rights, casualties, and inflation. The country was bankrupt, and the people were poor and unemployed. This raised a lot of anger among the public. The Tsar’s poor decisions of removing his general from command of the army, and leading them himself, led to many casualties in the war. Tsar Nicholas was also receiving advice from a peasant monk, Rasputin, a dirty drunk. This issues rose the level of anger to the point a revolution in 1917.

Station 2 Podcast: Joseph Stalin Good or Bad.

Station 3 Poster Analysis

Station 2 podcast not uploaded. Propaganda poster incomplete (this was the only part of the assignment that was graded)

Class 30 Assignment 04/03/2012

Evaluating Decisions

How did the Treaty of Versailles reflect the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I?

The Treaty of Versailles reflected the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I, by the different each country wanted. French was the most aggressive in their approach to the treaty. Most of the war in the Western front was fought in France, and much of the country was destroy. France wanted to completely strip Germany of their wealth and power, and gain as much land, and money as possible so that the France can rebuild, and Germany could never be a threat again. America on the other hand not want anything from Germany, but instead a change in idea. Woodrow Wilson wanted to launch the League of Nations so that issues could be discussed, and a world war would never have to occur again. Somewhat similar to France, other nations like Britain and Italy, did also seek some land and wealth, but not as aggressively as France.

Class 15 Assignment

Nationalism:

After creating the table, Nationalism has more positive aspects than it does negative. Nationalism unified people of different dialects, and of different cultures, under one common idea; It made people proud to have won wars, and be part of such large groups; and finally with more people seeking a common goal, technology could now develop much faster. When Napoleon unified the people under one name, France, he possessed an army, that could win countless wars. At one point he was unstoppable. With the success of the wars, people became proud of being french, and being part of something so much larger than themselves. There are arguments, such as the rise of racism, and the increase in tensions. However, this was risk that came with all changes and revolutions. Eventually it will subside, and as Gandhi had stated, all people should tolerate one another. Today, tensions felt between nations can often be dealt with, not through war, but entertainments, like the olympics, or a peaceful negotiation.

Types of Nationalistic Movements:

1.

Unification

When the political systems may differ, but the culture and land is similar.

Separation

When people of different culture refuse to cooperate with one another and resist being placed together, and tries to break away.

State-building

People of different cultures decide to accept one culure and for a new state.

2. During the rise of nationalism, it is likely that the empires would convert into naming itself as a nation, but portions will break off to become independent, if there are members of the empire who refuse to become part of another’s culture.

Political Cartoon:
 * 1) The cartoonist uses the boot to symbolize the soon-to-be nation of Italy.
 * 2) Garibaldi is portrayed as a rich and arrogant man. Dressed like a King.
 * 3) The cartoonist is in support of the unification. This can be determined by stating how the goal was finally achieved.

Case Study: Germany


 * 1) The Territory of Prussia was odd in that the original land territory of East and West Prussia does not make the Germany we know today, but instead it is the lands that were joined and annexed by Prussia.
 * 2) After 1865, the year that saw the biggest exapnsion was in 1871, when the South German States joined Prussia to form the German Empire.



The National Emblem of the German Empire consists of the Nation's representative animal the Eagle, the initials for Zweites Reich (The German Empire), and four swords. The Eagle represent the Empire's animal, but it also represents the fierce and furocious manner, the German Empire can control land, such as through annexation. The four swords represent the many lands and wars the Empire had obtained over its growth, and the military development of the Empire. Zweites Reich was the original name of the German Empire, and I used it's initials to define, for which Empire the emblem is held for.

You have misinterpreted the cartoon. Garibaldi is the kneeling figure. Please pay attention to details like spelling and question numbering. 18/20

02/14/2012 Class 14 Assignment

Terms and Names:
 * 1) Sepoys
 * 2) They were Indians soldiers who were at their British rulers for violating their religious laws and customs.
 * 3) Sepoy Mutiny
 * 4) This was among the first acts for independence in India. It was a turning point that inspired future independence and nationalist ideas..
 * 5) Congress Party
 * 6) Originally, it was a group that fought for the equal rights for Indians. At the same time they pledged loyalty to the British Crown. However, by the 1900s the Congress Party became much more Nationalistic. It consisted of Indians who received education in the West.
 * 7) Mohandas K. Gandhi
 * 8) He inspired nationalistic ideas to the common people of India. He received his education from University College of London. His technique of non-violent protest revealed the limited control the British actually possessed.
 * 9) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 * 10) He was a member of the Congress Party, and believed in Hindu-Muslim unity. However, he ultimately failed in uniting the two religions and failed to achieve independence.

Main Ideas:


 * 1) The four factors that contributed to Britain's conquest of India was Britain’s greater military, fudes between Indian Kingdoms, a stable and well structured political system, and India’s trading expansions.
 * 2) The Sepoy Mutiny is a result of British ignorance of Hindu’s and Muslim’s culture and religion. For example, rifle cartridges were covered in pork and cow grease.
 * 3) Groups and ideas that promoted the Indian independence, was the Indian Congress Party, the Muslim League, and Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violent protests. The Congress Party and Muslim League spread nationalistic ideas, and unified the people under one cause, the independence. Gandhi’s non violent and non cooperative protests made people realize how they valuable they really are to the British, and the amount of control Britain actually had over the people.
 * 4) Gandhi’s four principles were simple lifestyle without material goals, acceptance of other religions, life of service to others, and fight for justice, without violence.
 * 5) Jinnah was a leader for Muslims who fought for independence. Pakistan was formed and governed by him after conflicts with the Congress Party.

Documents:
 * 1) Pro-British documents were B, C, E, and I. Pro-Indian documents, were A, D, F, G, H, J, K, L.
 * 2) No matter what the state, or class is, everyone is equal under the eyes of the law. Also there is now equal opportunity in employment, which allowed better jobs.
 * 3) The way Indians were treated was unjust, However, Britain did advance India in many ways, that are still evident today. Britain, technologically developed the country, by providing better roads, buildings cities, and modernizing the country. This sprouted many new jobs, and Indians could now become extremely wealthy. The image in document J shows that locals now had enough money and technological advancements to leave and return to the country through planes. However, like how the social classes stretched further and further apart during the British Industrialization, India faced a similar situation that still exists today. The rare few Indians were extremely wealthy, while the remainder are very poor. However, after being colonized by Britain, the country was dependent on the British economy. In document D, it makes mention of how the demand of these products and resources only exist in Britain. Also, despite Jinnah’s attempt to unify the two religions, the tensions increased after the colonization.

Critical Thinking:
 * 1) The cultural conflict between Britain and India rose from the comparison in traditions, religions, and languages. It was also due to the vast difference in technological development. Upon arrival at India, it had not yet begun industrialization, while Britain was leading the way. Such problems would also bring about racism, and the british dominance over Indians.
 * 2) Positive aspects of the British Rule in India were the urbanization and modernization of the country. The countries technology finally caught up to modern standards, and the political structure stabilized by imitating that of the British. However, the land was exposed to racism, and wealth was very unfairly distributed.
 * 3) Gandhi’s principles, brought reasons and justifications for their revolts. They fought to get of people who sought material goods. Ideas on religious tolerance settle some of the tensions between the two religions, and service for others, gave the people a more unified reason to protest.
 * 4) Muslims feared that they would not be granted equal rights, and suffered same conditions as they did during the British rule. A country consisting of only Muslims, ensured Muslims their rights.
 * 5) The British colony of India was broken up into four separate nations due to conflicts, and distrusts between religions and ideologies. Pakistan was result of distrust for Hindu’s and a guarantee of rights for Muslims. Bangladesh was formed from the lack of agreement with Pakistan, and its geographic location. Differences in religion and culture, broke off Ceylon into Sri Lanka. It was the conflict between Hindus and Buddhists.

Please pay attention to details like the numbering of your answers. 20/20

02/09/2012 Class 13 Assignment

1. Feudalism was effective in gaining money by renting out owned land, for them to rent and work on the fields. The materials produced would be sold and provide money to the peasants, and then the peasants would give money to the land owners. Mercantilism was effective when exporting was greater than importing. The more exports, the more money that came in. Capitalism gains profit through a free market. Social class is not important and anyone can take part.

2. According to the to the lecture, the primary driving forces are colonialism, fossil fuels,and the free market. The immense growth of capitalism can be attributed to the large amounts of resources found in the colonies, the ability to extract fossil fuels and convert it into energy, and the competitive system to earn profits. All of these factors earn money, and that is what drives capitalism.

The first and third political cartoons are very well analyzed. I don't think I would consider the second image a political cartoon, and would like to see the source to determine if your analysis is correct, or if this (painting I assume, as it is rather in the cubist mode of Picasso's "Guernica") is actually an anti-war statement rather than anti-imperialist.

I'm not quite sure why you repeated the answers to questions 1 and 2 here as well as in your pages document. Your definition of mercantilism does not clearly differentiate from capitalism. 17/20

02/08/2012 Class 12 Assignement

Task 2:
 * 1) Looking at the map, Britain and France had the largest sections of Africa in 1914.
 * 2) These countries had the largest areas of Africa because they were among the first countries to Industrialize. When realizing that the production of goods and raw materials would become extremely important, in capitalism, they could foresee a race for these materials and so took as much as possible, and quickly as possible.

Task 4
 * 1) The Berlin Conference was a gathering at Berlin between France, Great Britain, Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, Spain, and the United States from November 15, 1884 to January 20, 1885. This was a meeting to divid the African continent between each country for imperial holding. Africans were not involved in this conference and it was the first time one continent boldly decided the fate of another.
 * 2) Three agreements made as a result of the conference was:
 * 3) Any sovereign power that wanted to claim any territory should inform the other powers.
 * 4) Any such Annexation should be validated by effective occupation.
 * 5) Treaties with African rulers were to be considered a valid title to sovereignty.

Task 5 1.
 * 1) This image is anti imperialism because it shows how greedy the imperialists are being for the gold.
 * 2) Africans and Asians cannot even be seen in this image. All the imperialist care about are the riches in the continent.
 * 3) The views that are being communicated are that all imperialists really care about is the money. They do not really care for the outcome of the African and Asian people, despite propaganda may state.
 * 4) The author is conveying the truth behind why imperialists went to Africa. It is not because of the mandate of heaven or the act of duty, it is because of the money.

2.
 * 1) This image is pro imperialism because it is leading the African children to the light. They are all following the taller white man.
 * 2) Here African and Asians are being conveyed to be small, week, and, uncivilized. People who need to follow the tall, white, civilized man.
 * 3) British and Americans are seen as superior being, standing above all the others. They are caring because they are leading the way for the Africans.
 * 4) The message is that the imperialists are superior to the imperialized people, and they are they people who are leading the African. The tall figure is doing his duty and acting according to the Mandate of Heaven.

3.
 * 1) This is a anti imperialism image because we see the African suffering while the serpent like white ruler is barking at the African.
 * 2) It shows that the African people are suffering because of the imperialists. The people have lost their freedom and are coiled into submission.
 * 3) The British and Americans are seen as being oppressive and controlling over the African people. They limit freedom, and harm the African people.
 * 4) The author is trying to convey the cruel environment in which the Africans are placed under. The author is showing that the the treatment of Africans are unjust, cruel, and suppressive.

4.
 * 1) This a pro imperialism image because it is stating that Englishmen stick to their words, and really do try to enlighten Africans.
 * 2) This image does not reveal any African thoughts or reaction, just those of Englishmen.
 * 3) It depicts the British to be loyal to their cause, stating that they will keep whatever promises they have made.
 * 4) The author is trying to reveal how Britain divided their imperialized countries and what purposes they were used for.

5.
 * 1) This is pro imperialism because it shows Uncle Sam trying to teach uncivilized countries how to be more civilized and enlightened.
 * 2) The image depicts Africans and small disobedient children, who refuse to learn, and lack intelligence in comparison to those who sit behind them.
 * 3) Uncle Sam (America) is looked at as a fully grown, and mature teacher who is educating all the uncivilized people.
 * 4) The author is trying to reveal the American people’s duty. That they have to develop these countries, despite the fact that they might be reluctant to do so.

6.
 * 1) This is an anti imperialism sketch because it shows the bird looming over the African people, as though looking for prey.
 * 2) Here Africans are depicted to be trapped and in trouble.
 * 3) The british are seen as predators scanning the land, looking for laborers, and resources.
 * 4) The author is revealing the predator like behaviors of the British and how they continuous scan the country for resources.

7.
 * 1) This is an anti imperialism image, because it shows how the African laborers are suffering while the imperialists do not care.
 * 2) To the eyes of the imperialists the laborers only look like tools that can be easily replaced. Many may die, but there are many more to use.
 * 3) The Imperialists are seen to be arrogant and reluctant to acknowledge the pain the African-Americans are suffering in their own country. They place an excuse that they are civilized, but in reality, they are not.
 * 4) The author is trying to convey that America is not actually civilized yet because of the way that African-Americans are treated in their country. Hence, America can not give the excuse that it is their duty to civilize others, when they are no civilized themselves. The author is telling the audience to fix the problem at home first.

No evidence of the completion of task 3. You analysis of political cartoons is quite well done! 27/30 You are missing the assignment for Feb. 7th, a table on imperialism and a discussion of Charles Darwin's theories. 0/10

02/02/2012

Imperialism Questions To hate others. To take away their money, and mock those who have less. He talks about the two faced people, who although act civilized and mannered, and actually cruel and greedy.
 * 1) What is “The White Man’s Burden” based on Rudyard Kipling’s description in this poem?

I agree with Kipling description to a certain extent, because no matter what is it, people always do things for a reward, even if it is just moral happiness. Everyone has at-least lied once, and laughed at the shame and failures of others.We know it is wrong, but it is our bodies reaction to do so. People always want to have a little more, despite how much they might already have.
 * 1) Do you agree or disagree with Kipling’s characterization? Why or why not?

The attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world was condescending during the 1800 - early 1900’s. In the quote “To veil the threat of terror” it shows how people would take over with force and boast their power in order to imperialize.
 * 1) What does this say about the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800 - early 1900’s? Use specific examples from the poem.

Yes, a lot of students come to KIS instead of public school in order to increase their chances of going to school in America or England. This would allow them to get better education, better access to technology and modern equipments.
 * 1) Is KIS an example of “The White Man’s Burden” in modern Korean society? Why or why not?

Fix the numbering please. You have not understood the "white man's burden", so haven't been able the other questions well. Hopefully you understand it better after the discussion in class. 6/10

01/31/2012 The Industrial Revolution HW p307

10/10 Include page numbers, date, name and block on your cornell notes please. 10/10
 * 1) Andrew Carnegie and Friedrich Engels came from two different classes. Carnegie was among the richest in society, while Engels seemed to be among the bourgeoisie. Carnegie does not really consider the working conditions, and the lives of those in the lower class. Instead, he discusses how the nation as a whole is flourishing and the mass production of good. Engels on the other hand focuses people, and how the majority have to suffer for the rich. He talks about the low wages despite the flourishing economy.
 * 2) Mary Paul may be satisfied with her job because the conditions may be a lot better than that of others. It may also be because she was a women with a job, which may be rare for the time. Another reason may be because she is writing a letter to a father and he does not want him to worry.
 * 3) The cartoon is useful for getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism because it places a religious significance to the cause. Especially in a society where christianity is extremely important everyone wants to side with the angel and God. It also puts capitalism in a negative light, and so people will be conditioned to hate it.

01/30/2012 The Industrial Revolution- Homework: Marxism and Communism

Would Marx have agree that these countries were "communist"? Marx believed in total equality, where no matter what the job, everyone stood as equals. Equal pay, equal voice, and equal rights. However, with such large countries, it is impossible to keep every single individual on equal levels. They would decide for themselves what was right, and be ruled by anyone. However, in order to maintain this equality, one ruler is placed. This factor is what would force Marx to disagree with the fact that these countries are communists.

What has happened to the "communist" world (once called the "Second World", to distinguish it from the "First World" -- wealthy capitalist countries, and the "Third World" -- poor countries)? Today, especially in America, where it is a capitalist country, “communists” are frowned upon, thinking that it is the loss of individuality, and freedom. In capitalist countries, the economy is heavily controlled by the businesses and individuals, while in communism, the government controls and distributes the wealth according to the person’s need. The communist countries are marked as the working classes, for there is no hierarchy, and everybody needs to work in order to receive what they need.In cases like china, the vast majority of the work is based on the digging of resources and the production of products. These kind of situations allow the country to develop along side other capitalist countries. However, “Third World” countries are too poor and still underdeveloped.

Why do you think this has happened? This is the result of years of propaganda. During the World Wars, Cold War, Forgotten War, and the the Vietnam War, all of them began because of the threat of communism expanding. This historical past, where the two often fought violently with one another, one can only expect there to be two polarized opinions, where capitalism stood on one end and communism stood on the other. It grew to the point, that people only looked at the differences and ignored the similarities. Whether it was for communism or for capitalism, both were theorized in order to allow the nations to develop. The result was also due to the nations economy, and main source of wealth. Many communist countries produce their own raw products, that allows them to manufacture a lot of goods, and then sell them. However, many capitalist countries, their wealth resides in trade, and human resources, such as professional workers..

What do you think of the idea that the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world never materialized (see p. 270) because of the Union movement (the formation of trades unions who unite to demand better working conditions for workers) and reform laws (to improve conditions for workers, eg. safety requirements, limits on the length of the working day, minimum wages)? The Labor Unions, and the demand for better working conditions finally corrected all of the abusive, and immoral behaviors that workers had to face during the Industrial Revolution. The strikes and revolts that occurred during the Revolution balanced the gap between the wealthy and the rich. Working conditions, such as better lighting, fencing on stairs, and shorter work hours, greatly improved. Some of these took much longer that others to change but eventually it made the working conditions today. The Labor Unions were very beneficial to future working class people, despite the blacklisting of many Union members.

01/24/2012 The Industrial Revolution: Photo Essay Common characteristics that can be seen in many of these pictures is how children were intensively involved in the labor force, and dominated by the adult male figures. In the above image in page 70 one can see how the adult males loomed over the children as they worked. Also in the same image one can see that it is the children who are doing the labor as the adults just watched. This indicates how abused the children were, the text tells of how children were underpaid, but it is also clear that they were over worked. In page 69, the description states that children had to work in dark and dangerous conditions for hours at a time. In this case they were handling molten glass, increasing the level of threat. In page 68, the two boys are clearly out of place when handling the monstrous textile machines. The children are clearly too small and in danger when standing on such machine. The image also seems symbolic, with the machine trying to boast its power while the feeble children try to handle the beast. Another interesting aspect of these images was the segregation of women and men. In page 70, there is a group of girls sewing around the table, while the men handled other tasks off in the distant. This shows how even though men accepted women to work on certain kinds of labor, the two genders were not equal. Men still got higher wages and working conditions.

01/18/2012 Industrial Revolution Question

The Industrial Revolution, and the urbanization that accompanied it, have been described as a mixed blessing. To what extent to you agree with this statement? The Industrial Revolution and the urbanization that accompanied it have been a mixed blessing. During this period of time, the country had prospered, and but many individuals had suffered. Factories being rapidly produced and the manufacturing of many products that allowed the nation to flourish in wealth. However, since the factories were quickly made, the conditions of the factories were hard for laborers. The factories were often dark, and many severe accidents occurred. Laborers who were victims of the harsh environment often could not pay for the medical bills. Also with the rising number of factories, and the rapid influx of workers into the cities, the city became cramped, and overpopulated. Without security, and sanitary codes, illnesses like cholera rapidly spread and reduced the average life span to 17 years. Also laborers were forced to work for 14 hours a day for low wages, and many jobs needed women and children to also work. The Industrial Revolution allowed the nation to flourish and conditions did eventually improve, but many laborers suffered from harsh environment of diseases, accidents, and crime.

01/17/2012 Industrial Revolution Mindmap

11/20/2011 Catherine the Great - Glogster

http://jhan12.edu.glogster.com/catherine-the-great/

11/14/2011 Speed Dating - Voltaire

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEKLpMjXoU8

10/27/2011 “The Bald Rat” was the Emperor who unified a fragmented Japan under one government. Japan hoped to build its empire by conquering China. Korea stopped the Japanese from building its empire by blasting the Japanese fleet out of the water with the Korean Turtle ships. Japan did not try again because “the bald Rat’s” focus went from the dream of the great empire to ensuring the position of his next heir.
 * Port 4**
 * 1) Who was "the Bald Rat"?
 * 1) Where did Japan hope to build its empire?
 * 1) What stopped it from building its empire as planned?
 * 1) Why didn't they try again?

**Qianlong Article**

Author: Who created the source? What do you know about the author? What is the author’s point of view? The source was created by Emperor Qianlong. He was the leader of China, and strictly forced China’s isolation, allowing only Guangzhou to be a trading port with foreign nations.

Place and Time: Where and when was the source produced? How might this affect the meaning of the source? The source was produced in 1793 in China. The source may be biased towards China, and its lack of need to communicate with other foreign nations because it was when China had closed its gates to the outside world.

Prior Knowledge: Beyond information about the author and the context of its creation, what do you already know about the era/topic that would help you further understand the primary source? China was in a period of isolation because dealing with foreign affairs was too expensive, and the nation did no require the offerings of other nations.

Audience: For whom was the source created and how might this affect the reliability of the source? The source was for King Georfe the III of England. This might affect the reliability of the source because it was made to convince the King that China does not need to open its other ports, and so some of the points stated may be exaggerated.

Reason: Why was this source produced at the time it was first made? The source was produced to show King George his views on Chinese trade with England, and the importance of government policy for commerce and economic affairs in China.

The Main Idea: What point is the source trying to convey? The source was trying to convey the reasons behind why China refuses to open its other ports for trade with other nations.

Significance: Why is this source important? What inferences can you draw from this document? Ask yourself, “So what?” in relation to the question asked. This source is important because it is a primary source on why China refused to open their gates to the world. This source allows us to see the information from the perspective of the actual king.


 * AP PARTS for EDICTS FOR 1635 ORDERING THE CLOSING OF JAPAN **

Author: Who created the source? What do you know about the author? What is the author’s point of view? The author of these edicts was Tokugawa Shogunate. He was the ruler of Japan during the early-mid 17th century.

Place and Time: Where and when was the source produced? How might this affect the meaning of the source? The source was produced in 1635, when Japan was in its period of isolation. The piece was written to explain the policy for handling foreign affairs.

Prior Knowledge: Beyond information about the author and the context of its creation, what do you already know about the era/topic that would help you further understand the primary source? After the death of Emperor Hideyoshi, Japan enters a period of isolation, allowing only a very specific group of foreigners within their gates.

Audience: For whom was the source created and how might this affect the reliability of the source? The source was created for the people of Japan, harshly explaining the consequences if the rules are not followed.

Reason: Why was this source produced at the time it was first made? The source was produced to spread the awareness of how Japan deals with foreign ordeals. This was a method of controlling the people.

The Main Idea: What point is the source trying to convey? The source is trying to convey that the only foreigners allowed inside the gate, and trade are the Dutch. Those who try to run away, or helps the runner will be severely punished.

Significance: Why is this source important? What inferences can you draw from this document? Ask yourself, “So what?” in relation to the question asked. The source is important because it reveals the reaction of the people to foreigners and the outside world. One can see that the policy is strict and will lead to the a freeze in Japan technological advancements.

See, Think Wonder, p70 - 87 10/16/2011

p70-71 The timeline points out important events since Osman’s founding of the Ottoman state to Shah jahan’s orders to construct the Taj Mahal at Agra.

p72 The diverse range of head gears, clothing, dancing, music, and food show the diversity of people in the Muslim world.

p74 The map indicates that the Ottoman Empire began in Greece and Turkey and then grew as far as Hungary, Austria, Arabia, Persia, Egypt, Algeria and Libya.

p75 The image is a French miniature that shows a view of the siege of Constantinople.

p76 The portrait of Suleyman the Lawgiver presents him as a strong, bold, and intelligent character, with great ideas.

p77 The Sinan’s Mosque of Suleyman in Istanbul, presents its importanc by its great size and brilliant decoration.

p79 The gorgeously decorated attire, and bright coloring, indicates Sha Abbas’s great wealth during the Golden Age.

p80 The map presents how the Ottoman Empire stretched into modern day Arabia, and the Safavid Empire covered Persia, and how the Mughal covered the Eastern lands from Persia, South of Uzbekistan.

p81 The beautifully adorned structure of the Masjid-e-Imam mosque is proof of the flourishing of the arts in the Safavid Empire.

p83 The map shows how the Mughal Empire started at modern day North of India and Afghanistan and then grew further North and then South past Surat almost to Calicut.

p84 The portrait convey Akbar as curious kind of man, study various different topics and expanding his knowledge.

p85 The series of Portrait are of Indira Gandhi, Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga, Khaleda Zia, Pratibha Patil, who were all powerful women who led their country after World War 2.

p86 The massive and beautifully constructed Taj Mahal represented the great power and wealth the Mughal Empire had, and the love Shah Jahan felt for his wife.

I see Michelangelo’s painting of the birth of Adam from the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. The scene makes reference to one of the stories within the **Book of Genesis**. The painting is diagonally balance, and the colors used were vibrant and bright in order for the painting to be seen from a distance. The one on the bottom left hand corner, the young man is Adam, while the white elderly man is God. Adam lies naked upon the floor, while God is floating in the air, both stretching out their arms so that God may ignite the spark of life. I think the fingers are slightly apart to give the illusion that the two figures are stretching to touch one another. Michelangelo depicted both individuals to reflect one another’s position in order to show that God has created man in his image. I wonder where Michelangelo got his inspiration for such a magnificent piece. Some say his inspiration came from **Veni Creator Spiritus,** but who can really say what goes on in an artist’s mind.
 * See, Think, Wonder**
 * 09/22/2011**


 * 1421: The Year China Discovered The World**
 * 09/06/2011**


 * 1.** In 1421, China launched a fleet of over 800 ships of various sizes and carried more than 30,000 men. The fleet included over 300 leviathan "treasure ships," which were 480 ft long and 180 ft wide. Compare with the Santa Maria (Columbus' vessel), which was 150 ft long and a mere 20 ft wide.

When comparing the size of the two ships, one can see why China was within its Golden Age. With China's incredible amount of resources, and technological development, its ships were 3 times the length, and 9 times the width of Columbus' vessel, Santa Maria. Often in movies, ships like the Santa Maria are portrayed in a majestic and empowering fashion. However, when looking at the size of Zheng He's fleet, consisting of 800 ship, with some carrying more than 30,000 men, it is evident that Europe's force was minuscule in comparison.

2.Read the first paragraph of p. 45 Use this map, and the one in MWH p35, to identify where "the Holy Roman Emperor, the Emperor of Byzantium (also called Constantinople), the Doge (ruler) of Venice, and the kings of England, France, Castille and Portugal" would have come from had they been invited to Beijing on 2 February 1421.

After reading the first paragraph, and analyzing the map, if the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the Doge of Venice, and the King of England, France, Castille, and Portugal were to be invited, they would have to travel along the Mediterranean Sea, through the Indian ocean, until they reach the Yellow Sea. This would be an extremely long and costly journey, in which the European leaders would have to risk a lot of their resources and men just to honor the inauguration of the Chinese Emperor. The Holy Roman Emperor would come from the German Kingdom, the Emperor of Byzantium would from Roman Empire, the Doge of Venice would come from the Kingdom of Naples, the King of England, would come from the Kingdom of England, the King of France, would come form the Kingdom of France, the King of Castille would come from the Kingdom of Castille, and the King of Portugal wold come from the Kingdom of Portugal.

3. Map: Territories of Dynasties in China.

Looking at the map, one can see the almost continuous growth of China, from being a collection of smaller states and counties, in to a great and prosperous nation. The Qing Dynasty possed the greatest amount of land.

4. The "Silk Road", along which Chinese traders journeyed to sell their silks, spices, porcelain and other valuable commodities, was actually a web of many routes that extended from Xi'an into the heart of the Islamic world. Through what MODERN countries did the silk roads go?

The Silk Routes passed through Syria, Iraq, Ordain,Jordan, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and into China.

5. Compare this map of the great walled capital Zhu Di built, to this map of modern China. The Forbidden City is now the Palace Museum, and is located at the centre of the map below:

The Palace Museum greatly ignores the immense size and magnificence of The Forbidden City. Only the Palace seems to remain from the Forbidden City, while the remaining land seems to have developed as time passed, with hospitals and hotel being constructed near the vicinity of the palace.

6. On p. 54, Menzies writes that Zhu Di extended the Great Wall (which is actually many separate sections of wall created over hundreds of years) from 5,000 kms to 6,400 kms. You'll notice, that doesn't mean that the wall was 6,400 kms long. If it WAS, where would it reach, if it began at the Yalu River? Use the map in MWH Atlas p A18-19 to estimate where you would end up if the wall really extended 6,400 kms due west of Beijing.

When linking one wall to the next, one can estimate that the wall would stretch from the Yalu River all the way to Turkey.

7. On p. 55, Menzies writes that "[Zhu Di's] aim was to ensure that Beijing's great observatory was the reference point from which the entire world would be explored and charted, and all new discoveries located..." He wanted Beijing to be "0" degree -- the prime meridian, from which all latitude coordinates would be measured. Unfortunately, he failed in this aim, and eventually (much later, in 1851) Greenwich, England was chosen for this honor.

Growing up, I always recognized the Greenwich, England to be where the prime meridian sat. It is one of the most important lines for gaining coordinates, and if it was to be shifted, I wonder how one would perceive the map.

8. The Grand Canal and the Forbidden city were engineering marvels of the 15th century, and HUGE accomplishments for a a single ruler to achieve in less than 2 decades. But they were not his most important legacy.

The Grand Canal and the Forbidden City are grand marvels to admire, too advance at such a rate was definitely impressive. However, Zhe Di and Zheng He should truly be remembered for their discovery and knowledge of the world. With a fleet of 800 ships, Zheng He was able to to travel the world, receive tributes, trade valuables, and present China's great power. They were the first to travel to such such an extent, and gain so much information.


 * Three Maps Exercise**
 * 08/30/2011**

When looking at the Map, one can see the spread of the Muslim Empire from the Middle East, to Northern Africa, and then into Europe. The map indicates that Spain was the center of international communication, where the Europeans and Islamic people could meet and share information.

08/23/2011
 * Family History Project**

JaeHyun A. Timeline



APPARTS - The Black Death homework assignment



This is acceptable. Be careful with "Audience" -- is this part (the introduction) of //The Decameron// fiction?

The Many Hats of a Historian

Jae, please use the blue bar button on the edit toolbar to put a line between assignments. Give each assignment a title and a date please. See my comments below:

Hogflesh was beseeched to do several acts in order to be saved from heretical beliefs. He had to stop doing any kind of heresies and was prohibited from stated his opinions. He would repeat this ritual in different days and location. The first was in Midhurst market, and then the Lewes market. His final location was the Chichester Cathedral. The historian’s “story” or main point of the article is the abuse and shame people faced for stating their own individual ideas and opinions. Those who did not conform to the others, were mocked and judged.
 * 1) In section 1, //Heretical Beliefs//, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article?

Not the main idea of the article.

2. What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles? According to John Arnold, an historian is a reporter and interpreter of records. I find this to be a common characteristic that almost all historians share. However, historians should also explore for more records and data, and then teach about his interpretations and discoveries.

An incomplete answer.

3. What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references? “Treating their source with fidelity” refers to how a historians must not fall into a misconception that something exists where it does not. An historians receives information from records, but __can not__ **cannot** mold or create new irrational information.

What is "irrational information"?

4. How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view? In the case of John Hogflesh, some historians consider his heresy to be similar to the beliefs of Henry VIII but brought out the ideas a bit too early. Another may suggest that this was a time during heresy trials and how religious beliefs were controlled since the late 14th century. Others may trace further back and indicate that the beliefs come from a much older source. In certain the belief was not what matters but the objects and people displayed in the market, ranging from people being involved in penance to popular entertainers.

Did you refer to "an event in your life"?

5. Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response. When discussing past events with a friend, I realized that our memories are often skewed from what really happened. We were discussing one of my last soccer games when we came to a disagreement. I was sure that I was the one who passed the ball t the center of the field, where Marcus (another colleague) headed the ball into the back of the net. However, according to a Jim (the friend) I actually passed it to Tom who then centered the ball to Marcus in order to header the ball in. when we continued discussing the game, even our opinions on the score were different. I was sure that it was 2 to 1, but he was stubborn and stated that it was 1 to 0. This just shows that our memories can often be molded slightly, and more so as time passes. So when historians try to attach meaning to history, it is likely that the account may be changed by other factors.

Good answer.

6. What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history? Subjective history is based on one’s own opinion or ideas. There are not any firm evidence to back them up, but instead, just what would have been expected. The obvious flaw is that it can be vey inaccurate. However, it is beneficial because it can grasp a wide range of ideas and opinions. Often in historical records we only see a one side of the whole, but subjective history will consider the other aspects as well. When going back to the account of the soccer game, I remembered it the way **i** **(ARGH!!)** did because then I would be the one who aided the winning goal. I remembered it according to how it would please me.

Good answer.

7. Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not? A historian is a storyteller because all the information that is discovered and interpreted is for a large audience. From this information the composition of it all will build into a story. There are myriad version of every story, but it does not necessarily mean that it is not true. All the facts and points that are stated is true, but the way the information is composed is just different.

Great answer.

8. How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views? In the past I only saw historians as recorders of data. Discovering ancient information and then replicating them in order to maintain the past. However, I now realize that there is more to a historian. They interpret, the information and fill the empty gaps using logical reasoning. Just because it was the past does not mean that we possess all the facts. Even for the past, we must place theories and ideas.

Good.

Heretical A heretic is an individual who posses thoughts and ideas that disagree with the general public. Heretical is when the term is used as an adjective.

Faggot A collection of wooden sticks that are tied to together. It is often used for fuel.

Eucharist A ceremony practiced by Christians. It is based on the Last Supper, where bread and wine are shared and eaten.

Abstain The action of opposing or rejecting a motion or plan.

Penance When a member of the church states his wrong doings to a priest in order to be released form the guilt.

Beseeching To beg for desperately.

Source The origin of where something comes from.

8/10