Kate's+World

=Afghanistan Timeline (Class 51)= 1979- Power struggle in Kabul: Amin vs. Taraki. Soviet Union's intervention in Afghanistan 1988- Peace accords were signed between Soviet Union and Afghanistan, US, USSR, and Pakistan. Soviet's intervention ended. 1996- Taliban seizes the the power. Introducing citizens hard version of Islam. Ex) Banning women from labor. 2001 October- US and Britain sent missiles to Taliban after they refused to give Osama Bin Laden. 2003 August- NATO takes the control of security in Kabul.
 * Partner: Jessica Oh**

9/10

=Organizer (Class 50)=

10/10

=Debate (Class 49)= Partner- Lizzie Jeon:) http://youtu.be/0kezDXQ90Yc

=Cold War (Class 48)= 1. Disagreement in political government system. (Communism vs. Capitalism) 2. Mistrust of history such as Nonaggression Pact. 3. US feared of Russian expansion. 4. Russia allied with Germany in WWII. 5. Failure of Yalta agreement.
 * 5 underlying causes of the Cold War **


 * A1**. In the first picture, I can see a brick house and its side getting destroyed. Then surprisingly, in the second picture the whole house is getting destroyed. The third picture shows the powerful nuclear explosion is swiping the house. At last, in the fourth picture, it clearly shows that the house is destroyed.
 * A2.** If the whole town was hit by the nuclear explosion, like the house in the picture, it would be clearly destroyed. Houses would be bombed with its parts broken. People would die in few seconds without any existence left. Survivors would suffer from their loss of families and shelters. Probably, the aftermath of nuclear explosion will left no existence of town.


 * B1.** People were feared of the disastrous aftermath. Who would want their town or house to be destroyed? Also, if the nuclear land on their village, not only their shelter but their lives are taken too. They didn't want their lives to be killed by nuclear weapons.
 * B2.** There were wide range of people in CND. In the picture, there are both women and man and old and young. These people all had same achievement: Ban the bomb. They wanted to ban the bomb to prevent disasters happening in their homeland. Nuclear bombs were powerful to destroy their home and kill their lives. People didn't want the catastrophe to come.

For instance, US created lots of policies such as MAD and NUTS for war. These policies were both war policies. In order to have success, they planned it to be well prepared. These are the reasons why US and USSR had arguments against banning nuclear weapons.
 * C.** Banning nuclear weapons were both hard for US and USSR during cold war. First, both had hatred feeling toward each other. They needed to increase the productions of bombs and missiles in order to show more power. They thought that more weapons mean more power. Therefore, if one side got more power, it meant that they were weaker. Second, both needed to be prepared. As another side got more weapons, they were feared of their armaments. So that they improved and developed weaponry in order to win the war. In worst, if the armaments were really used, they needed more powerful systems to win. Third, countries were eagerly devoted into war.


 * == **The United Nations** == || == **The Marshall Plan** == || == **The Warsaw Pact** == ||
 * ==== In June 1945, the United Nations was created to protect the aggressions between 48 countries. ==== || ==== The Marshall Plan was created by George Marshall to provide food, machinery, and other materials to help Western Europe. ==== || ==== Soviet Union created Warsaw Pact to form its alliance with other countries such as Poland, Hungary, and etc. ==== ||

In my opinion, space race was the most significant event in the history. USSR's success to send person to space shows great development of technology. By cold war, it was able to develop lots of nuclear armaments. Then later, it went to US and USSR's competition of space race. This was the issue for both technology and Cold War. Therefore, space race was important event in history.
 * Look at each of the following and decide which was the most significant historical event. Explain your decision in a paragraph on your gallery page. **

10/10

=The Post War World= I think it was right for the Allies ti try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes. Nazi has the most responsibility for starting war. They were the one who broke the rules of Treaty of versailles and invaded other countries illegally. Also, their inhumane genocide Jews weren't even related with war. Their cruel actions should be punished. Japan was responsible for starting war in Pacific region. It was trying to invade other Asian regions and Pacific regions. Also, they suddenly attacked on Pearl Harbor, without any declaration of war. THerefore, Nazi and Japanese leaders were responsible for war crimes.
 * Do you think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes? Explain your thinking. **

Pay attention to editing. When the computer underlines something in red, that means there's an error that needs to be fixed. 10/10

=The Holocaust= At young age, twins were taken to camp for experiments. This was very shocking to me. How can Germans used those young children for experiments? They didn't treat them as humans but thing that they use for experiments. It is ridiculous that they wanted twins to be acted as their puppets. I felt sorry for those women who cannot have babies due to cruel experiments. Being pregnant is one of the joy for women can have. Severe experiments took so many lives of innocent twins. I feel so sorry for the twins who were putted into harsh experiments forcefully.
 * Twins**

Germans were visiting each households and forcefully took Jewish children. Uri Chanoch's brother was caught by German but freed himself and ran away. Later Germans found out Mr. Chanoch was his brother so they naked him and punished him until he'll tell where his brother is hidden. How can a person able to hit a child, who's way weaker and smaller, for whole day? These young boys lost their mother and sister from early age. It is sad that they couldn't see them again in their life. Another cruel fact is that the harsh concentration camp life has taken away their emotions. Germans tore out their ability to love, to laugh, and to cry. I cannot imagine how much pain the brothers got from camp that resulted in their emotions to be disappeared.
 * Brothers**

Mordecai Eldar went to labor camp and forcefully worked in quarry. It was very shocking to me when he said that guards pushed off prisoners into the abyss. Human's life is precios. It isn't something that can be easily killed. Germans didn't treat Jews like a human. As laborers get used to situation, it was creepy that they couldn't feel any emotions toward the dead people. Even righteous Saint, Mr. Eldar's father, who was off the train to go to Sabbath, was cremated on the Sabbath with his prayers. Germans didn't have any pity emotions toward Jews. How much suffer did Jews experienced from labor camp? I cannot imagine myself doing hard labors without any proper rations given but just live with dangers.
 * Mordecai Eldar**

This video directly showed how cruel was Germans. I cannot imagine that they built crematoria for burning Jews to death. They even threw the little children into pits and cremated them. How can they throw people into fire and wish them to be exterminated. Those actions showed that Germans never ever treated Jews as humans. Ms. Farbstein later says that she starts to feel that she's living as a human. She got married, got children, and got grandchildren. While normally people would say it's normal life, it is precious life process to her. I cannot imagine her fear everyday toward death.
 * Zanne Farbstein**

Yaakov Hollander went to various camps at very young age. He experienced so many horrible things such as working near the hot oven and making ammunitions. It is not a proper job that child can do. People everywhere was fearing of Nazi. Mr. Hollander couldn't save the cake that he got from the coal miner because the coal miner knew that if he got caught, he'll be in a disaster. In a young age, realization of harshness would be a traumatic memory for him. I can feel his sorrow that he couldn't give cake to his sick brother. In addition, it is ridiculous that his weight was 33kg when he was liberated from camp. How much suffer did he endure during the Holocaust? It is unimaginable.
 * Yaakov Hollander**

Sophie Engelsman's job was burying the dead bodies. How traumatic event is that for young girl to endure? It would have been very painful to watch all those dead people. The worst part is that her lost her parents, brothers, and relatives. I cannot imagine myself without my family and relative. Where can I depend and where can I get support? It would have been very hard for her to carry her life. She's now a midwife, who's saving children's life. I hope for that she'll slowly ease the pain of memory by working as a midwife.
 * Sophie Engelsman**

Eva Brown was a middle aged girl who was also suffered from the Holocaust. She was moving camps to camps with her little cattle cars. How uncomfortable she have felt when she was moving from camp to camp. Camp's conditions were bad. She couldn't have proper rations and food. Even for toilet, one bucket was given out. She wasn't called with name, but a number. Her arm shows the evidence of what number she was called at the camp. Losing your own identity is a sad thing. I feel sad for her that she have experienced all those hard tragic events.
 * Eva Brown**

10/10

=The Allied Victory in Pacific= = Comparing WW1 and WW2 = 1. USSR suffered the greatest human cost. 2. US spent more money than Germany and Japan. Surprisingly, US's war cost is more than sum of Germany's and Japan's war costs.
 * **8. Battle of Leyte Gulf** || Allied forces landed on Leyte Island in Philippines to attack on Japanese force. Japan had risky plan to cut off Allies’s supply line however failed. Lots of violence such as kamikazes happened to attack Allies but defeated. Lots of Japanese fleet and airplanes were damaged. This battle gave Allies chance to win Japan. ||
 * **9. Battle of Okinawa** || After 1 month, American navy forces took Iwo Jima and went to Okinawa. Japanese tried to defense but failed. Heavy loss came to Japanese troops. By losing this battle, finally the wars in Pacific ended. ||
 * **10. Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki** || President Truman decided to make Atomic bombs to end the war. He warned Japan to give up but Japan ignored the precaution. Then on August 6, 1945, US dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Three days later, dropped on Nagasaki. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki gave huge damage to Japan. Then Japan was surrendered by US and war had ended. ||
 * Cost of WW2 Skill Builder: Interpretation**

WW1 and WW2 were both disastrous wars that gave pain and suffers to people. However, compare to WW1, WW2 had more casualties. The main reason for this massive different result is due to new weapons and armaments. During WW2, lots of new inventions were created to damage more enemies quickly and massively. One of the most fearful invention was atomic bomb. Japan's two cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, had huge damage due to atomic bombs. When WW1 soldiers fought inside the trenches, lots WW2 soldiers fought in the air or sea and also on land too. More areas and spaces were used to fight. Therefore, WW2 caused more casualties than WW1.
 * Military Casualties, WW1 and WW2**

Polish refugees flee from Germans under harsh conditions. They only brought essentials that were needed for them but had limited carryings due to hurries. In the text, the old man could only brought his walking stick. People didn't have proper place to rest. They were in the middle of huge crowd. Even worst, some people lost their family. The text showed that one man lost his whole family members. These refugees suffered from poor conditions.
 * Civilian Cost**

The picture shows the departing scene of Japanese Americans to the internment camps. To protect any escapes or violences, the lined American soldiers are watching over them. It seems like there is an imaginary line that keeps distance between Americans and Japanese Americans. Even though those Japanese are also Americans, American soldiers don't treat them as Americans, which is an action that directly shows racism. Even though they are innocent Japanese Americans, they are treated as prisoners or criminals who are soon going to jail.
 * Internment Camps**

10/10

=The Allied Victory= Two videos have same history background but conveyed it differently. "Saving Private Lion," portrayed war in more dramatic ways. The film showed the real fighting scenes. These scenes included cruelty and violence, but all the wars actually have brutality. This film specially described how soldiers pitifully died and how they were courageous to go up and fight for their country. It made audience to realize how battles were horrible and gruesome back then. On the other hand, documentary showed the war in more detail and factual way. The documentary showed more various scenes. It showed what weapons Allies used and how Allies troops invaded France. This film gives more factual information, which is an educational source, while the movie showed the real brutal war, which is made for audience to realize how horrendous war was back then. I think the Hollywood movie is more true. Documentary had many factual information about France invasion. However, the war seemed so normal and peaceful without any violence. True war scenes were shown by the movie and it made me to think about war. Even though it was visually shocking and gruesome, I felt that the movie's well portrayed to impress people about brave soldiers. It was Hollywood production that touched my heart. Therefore, the dramatization of Hollywood production seemed more true to me.
 * A. Guided Reading Section A 1-7**
 * ** 1.Battle of El Alamein ** || Battle of El Alamein was between Germany and Britain. It began on the night of October 23rd by British’s sudden frontal attack toward German. By November 4th the battle ended with Germany’s defeat. German troops were retreated to west. ||
 * **2.Operation Torch** || On November 8th, more than 100,000 Allies’ troops arrived in Morocco and Algeria. British General Montgomery’s armies and American General Eisenhower’s armies summed up power. As a result, German General Rommel’s Africa Korps was finally failed in May 1943. ||
 * **3.Battle of Stalingrad** || Battle of Stalingrad was between Russia and Germany. Under Hitler’s order, Russian General Paulus again invaded Russia to seize oil field. On August 23rd, 1942, Stalingrad was captured by Germany. City was destroyed and many soldier have died. However, Russia grabbed the victory. Russia started to push Germany in to west. ||
 * ** 4.Invasion of Italy ** || On July 10, 1943, Britain and America invaded Sicily and took away power from Germany. However, soon again Germany grabbed the control. Despite their success, it lasted only short. On April 27th, 1945, Allies strongly resisted and took the power away again. They killed Mussolini, who was allied with Hitler. ||
 * ** 5.Propaganda campaigns on home fronts ** || Allied powers promoted propaganda to get citizens’ supports. For instance, Russia’s young children collected scrap metals to help factories making weapons. However, propaganda also had negative effect. For example, America’s government made Americans to have prejudice against Japanese by saying Japanese are enemy aliens. ||
 * ** 6.D-Day invasion ** || On June 6th, 1944, the D-Day invasion was ready to attack Normandy. British, America, France, and Canada troops joined the battle. Even though they had enormous casualties, later it was Allies who marched into Paris triumphantly. By September, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg was liberated from Germany. ||
 * ** 7.Battle of the Bulge ** || Allied forces were moving toward Germany from west, while Russia was moving toward Germany from east. The Battle of the Bulge broke out and Hitler knew that it would be the last battle for them to win or defeat. When Russia captured the capital, Hitler committed suicide. Then the Allied power seized the victory. Finally the six years of war have been ended in Europe. ||
 * B. Question on Video**
 * How is the same history conveyed so differently in these two videos? Which do you think is more "true": the Hollywood dramatization or the documentary? **

Well done! 10/10

=**War on the Home Front**= Japanese internment was not only unfair, but illegal. It is guaranteed by the constitution that everyone is presumed innocent until proven guilty. The internment was a result of racism and public scare rather than the real suspicion of possible spying. There was no actual proof of any Japanese American participating to be a threat to American security. However, the government forced immediate relocation of Japanese to the internment camps. This is a wrongful act. Only two luggages were allowed at most and shelter conditions were almost like a prison with barbed wires. Japanese people didn't know how long they have to stay in this camp and had to face future uncertainty. Imagine that suddenly, one morning, the world's changed. The bombing of Pearl Harbor made all the Japanese Americans guilty. Although these American citizens were innocent from actions of Japanese government, they were subject to blame. This is not justice, this is just pure racism. Their lives were suddenly crumbled like the pieces of broken glass. Kenji was a Japanese immigrant whose life shattered due to internment camp. His hard work's achievement was totally taken away from him. The Anti Japanese feelings were still prevalent. Not only did he have to suffer mental and financial damage, during the internment, he found his house was terrored by anti Japanese people and he had to face prejudice with slogans like, "Go Home Japs" when he returned. The Japanse internment was an unreasonable process that caused unnecessary anguish and suffering for those Japanese Americans.
 * Paragraph about unfairness of Japanese internment. **

**1. Wartime Propaganda** **A. What wartime images do you recognize from your study of the war?**
 * Total war: Factories supporting to build artilleries.
 * Propaganda: German Nazi band singing song that's pro Hitler.
 * Hitler's autobiography, Mein Kampf
 * The symbol of Nazism

**B. What are some of the messages of this cartoon?** The message of cartoon is anti Nazism and anti Hitler. Donald Duck experiences a day as a Nazi. He forcefully work in the artillery factory under the constant hard work. He's not given any proper ration and proper break time. This shows that the cartoon is portraying German workers who are poorly working in harsh conditions. When Donald Duck woke up, he read the book, "Mein Kempf," which is Hitler's autobiography. Input of Hitler's ideas into very tired worker seems ridiculous. Donald Duck keeps on saying, "Hail Hitler." This shows the dictator predominant role of Hitler in everyones lofe where you should have to show total obedience. Donald Duck's routine is observed and monitored by the Nazi band. This also symbolize that people were monitored by Nazi people and observe their life routine. At the last, it was Donald Duck's dream of experiencing Nazi German life. He hugs the Statue of Liberty which means that Americans should be happy that they don't need to suffer like Germans.

**C. Why do you think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war?** Companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during war because it was a way to spread a propaganda. Cartoon gives influence to people easily. Watching cartoons make people to understand easier. For this film the motive would be anti Nazism and anti Hitler. It portrays Nazi and Hitler as bad characters which instill people's mind that Hitler and Nazism are really notorious. Also, they promoted positive ideas for America. They instill people that it is fortunate to be an American citizen.

In the cartoon, Uncle Sam, who represent US, and a worker, who represent American citizen, are recycling papers to make boxes for ammunitions and weaponries. However, these armaments are labeled as christmas packages, core post master, and other kinds of presents. The U.S.A Salvage Program represents supports for producing weapons. The scrap paper processing plant is showing that weapons are being produced. The box factory symbolizes a factory that produces actual weapons.
 * 2. Political Cartoon for Home Front**
 * A. What is in the cartoon? Explain the symbolism you see. **

The intended message of the cartoon is that America is now ready to fight the World War II. America's strong determination is shown by this cartoon because it portrays that they will use any resources that is possible to make the armaments. Also, the cartoon shows that America will end this war until Christmas.
 * B. What is the intended message of the cartoon? **


 * 3. Life on the Home Front in Britain Exploration**
 * A. Children at war **
 * Over 3,500,000 children, women, and old people evacuated from dangerous zones where Germany might bomb.
 * There were 553,890 children who left but there were only 402,118 children who arrived.
 * 151, 772 children are still on train.
 * B. Rationing **
 * There were limited amount of food such as meat, milk, and cheese, that one person can eat.
 * Food like rice, jams, and biscuits, were rationed by points.
 * Not only food was rationed but cloth was rationed too.
 * C. Women at war **
 * By 1943, 770,000 women worked in Land Army.
 * Women can choose which factory they want to work in.
 * Women's Voluntary Service was the largest women organization and had 1 million women as members.
 * D. Messages of war **
 * Propaganda were made by posters to give advice or to warn people.
 * Children who were living in cities could see propaganda posters easily because it was all over the street.
 * All the posters had different meanings, for example, Keep Mum...Keep Dad safe poster means looking forward for victory.

10/10

=Japan Seeks to Build an Empire=
 * A. Drawing Conclusion**
 * ** 1. Bombing of Pearl Harbor ** || a. Early in the morning of December 7,1941, Japanese military forces suddenly attacked America’s Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, where there were many American airplanes and battleships.

b. The death of 2,300 Americans and destruction of American armies led to the declaration of war on Japan and its allies in December 7, 1941. ||
 * ** 2. Fall of Southeast Asian colonies ** || a.Japan was able to defeat many colonies of Allied Forces because they were lightly defended. They invaded Guam and Wake Island, and finally Philippines.

b. After three months of fighting in Philippines, Japan conquered most of the Asian colonies, and they were able to advance more and more. ||
 * ** 3. Doolittle’s raid on Japan ** || a. Wanting to revenge for Pearl Harbor, in 1942, American forces under general Doolittle bombed Tokyo and other Japanese cities

b. Doolittle’s raid on Japan “raised American morale and shook the confidence of some in Japan.” This attack showed that Japan was not invincible. ||
 * ** 4. Battle of the Coral Sea ** || a. Both sides did not fire a single shot, but attacked with airplanes taking off from the huge aircraft carriers. Allies lost more soldiers than Japan.

b.Even though Allies lost more soldiers and equipments than Japan, Allied forces were able to stop Japan’s advance. ||
 * **5. Battle of Midway** || a. Japan’s plan of attacking Midway Island was unveiled due to the code breakers. Thus, American planes were waiting for Japanese planes and were able to destroy 332 Japanese planes.

b. Japanese general, Yamamoto, ordered his soldiers to withdraw, and this battle “turned the tide of war in the Pacific.” ||
 * ** 6. Battle of Guadalcanal ** || a. Douglas MacArthur wanted to stop Japan’s building of new air base in the island of Guadalcanal. He believed that Allies had to strike fast. In August 7, 1942, several thousand U.S. Marines landed on Guadalcanal and seized the island.

b. Battle lasted for six months, and Japan finally lost 24,000 soldiers and abandoned the “the island of Death.” || Isoroku Yamamoto and Douglas MacArthur were both great leaders who were intelligent at managing their troops and making plans to lead victory. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto was a great naval strategist. Japan wanted to conquer lots of land. To expand their territories, Yamamoto thought that America should be destroyed. Therefore he attacked US fleets in Hawaii which gave damage to America. General MacArthur was a general of commander in Allied Pacific land forces. His plan, "island-hop" brought victory in Pacific area by destroying Japanese strongholds in Pacific Islands. Success from the "island-hop" have changed the tide of the Pacific War.
 * B. Summarizing Identify Isoroku Yamamoto and Douglas MacArthur**


 * Write a short description of the perspectives presented in the political cartoons below. What does each cartoon highlight about how Japanese expansion was viewed? **

'Let Sam Do It': There are two perspectives in this cartoon: The League of Nation and United States, which is represented as Uncle Sam in the cartoon. Between US and League of Nation, Japan and China is fighting each other. Japan wants to get Manchuria, China's land. When China is emergent for help, the League of Nation is pointing at US to clear up the incident. However, the US who is actually not a member of League of Nation, is standing still and in a situation where it cannot stop the fight between Japan and China. Even though there are more people in League of Nation, they ignore the Japan's expansion and giving one person, US, to make the decision. Both League of Nation and US couldn't stop Japan's expansion.

'Let others sweat and toil': This is a Japanese perspective viewed cartoon. The cartoon describe about Anglo Saxons or the white people's imperialism. While the white people are relaxing comfortably, the painful looking servants are lifting heavy weight with their tired body. Those servants are white people's colonies from Asian areas such as China and India. This cartoon also reflects for their justification to conquer other territories: If white people can colonize other lands, why not Japan can't colonize other lands like the white people did? In addition, they wanted to get back Asian lands from the western forces.

Light of Asia: This cartoon's perspective view is from European nations. There is one hand which represent Japan. This hand is squishing the Nine Power Treaty Kellog Pact. On this treaty, there is a sign of League of Nation. This treaty paper is burning on the top which means that Japan is ignoring the pact. This pact was signed by nine countries to affirm China's authority and land control. However, by Japan broke the treaty by invading Manchuria with unreasonable reason. European nations watch Japan's expansion in negative ways but also frighten about their growing power.

Japan in New Guinea: This cartoon is viewed from British perspective. Japan and Australia with America's help are fighting between New Guinea. The soldier represents Japan and Kangaroo represents Australia. The soldier in the pocket of Kangaroo represents America who support Australia. Allies power is trying to stop Japan's invasion and growing power by fighting between the land. Japanese's successful invasions led them to invade other countries easier. Also their power became huge.

Japan attacked US because US was a strong country who's not beneficial to Japan. First, Japan knew that US eventually will join the Allies side. America didn't suffer of World War II. Therefore, there are lots of young fresh soldiers and new undamaged weapons. Those dangerous armaments and readied troops must be destroyed to win the war. Second, America and Japan's relationship wasn't good. America was the country which was strongly opposed to Japan's expansion.They even made a law to not allow Japanese living in certain American regions. Also, they disagreed about Japan's invasion of Manchuria. Japan felt that their strongest enemy should be eliminated.
 * Answer the following questions:**
 * 1) Why did Japan attack the United States of America? Provide evidence from the source below in your answer. **

10/10
 * 2) Briefly summarize about Pearl Harbor incident.**
 * BEFORE:** America was keeping it's neutrality in World War II. They didn't want to join the war. Japan and America didn't have good relationship. When Japan had conference in Washington D.C about its expansion toward Asia, America rejected the negotiation. Therefore, the Japan decided to attack Pearl Harbor.
 * DURING:** On December 7th, 1941, Japan suddenly attacked on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Due to their sudden cruel attacks, America's weapons were destroyed. Lots of soldier lost their lives. Japan had two attacks toward Pearl Harbor. First attack was devastating that people were panicked everywhere. The second attack did a little damage because America prepared ships to be loaded.
 * AFTER:** America had severe damage on its armaments. After the battle, America's hatred feeling toward Japan grew bigger. Then on December 8th, 1941, the Congress of US declared war on Japan.

=1940 The Battle of Britain=
 * Note on the podcast**
 * On Summer of 1940, Germany invaded lots of European countries such as Poland, Norway, Denmark, and France.
 * Sea Lion is a plan to Invade Britain.
 * British army left their weapons behind, which is disadvantage for them to fight against Germany.
 * Germany thought that they will obviously have successful invasion because they have stronger air force compare to royal air force.
 * British had strong determination and support which showed that they are not giving up.
 * British had radar which is their strong weapon that can indicate the enemies' flights.
 * Control rooms commanded the information to pilots.
 * Germany made costly mistake in August 1940, Berlin, London, and other cities were attacked by bombs.
 * Adolf attacking London at 7th September. London was caught on big fire.
 * Germany's aircrafts were destroyed by the Royal Air force.
 * British invasion was postponed but it didn't mean that the war was over.

> ** 1) What was Operation Sea Lion? ** > Operation Sea Lion was Germany's plan to invade Britain. > ** 2) Why did the battle not look good for Britain? ** > The battle looked not good for Britain because their weapons were left behind Europe and Germany had stronger air force than British royal air force. > ** 3) What advantage did Britain have? ** > British had radar which was an invention that can tell the location and speed of enemies' airplanes. > ** 4) What was Germany's mistake? ** > Germany made a costly mistake which was bombing Berlin, London, and other cities. > ** 5) What was the impact of the bombing of London? How did the bombing of London aid Britain's cause? ** > Bombs made London caught on fire. Lots of buildings were destroyed. Innocent citizens were dead. However, German's bombing London gave British royal air force some more time to build and develop their aircrafts. > ** 6) Why was the outcome of the battle of Britain significant for the Allies? ** > The outcome of battle of Britain was significant to the Allies because the Allies can be encouraged by British's strong determination. They might also think that even though their power is weak compare to Germany, if they determine strongly and unite with other countries, they might have some possibility to win the war. > Germany gained its power quickly as it successfully invade other European nations. However, this humongous power was defeated to Britain who was way weaker than them. Britain was very determined country. Even though they knew that the battle didn't look good to them, they never gave up. Instead, they encouraged and supported each other by helping. Many organizations for civilians to support war were made. Many males joined Civil Defense and Local Defense Volunteer to be soldiers. They wanted to protect their country. Spitfire Funds were made and people donated money to support the British side. Even women got their jobs. Women's Volunteer Service supported the homeless children and helped them to evacuate from dangerous zones. Women did important roles in royal air force. They commanded pilots and told information such as enemies' plane location. In addition, surprisingly the prime minister of Britain, Winston Churchill, strongly supported the battle. Even though they went through the agony and pain, the strong determination of country and people was able to hold off German invasion. 10/10
 * Questions**
 * Paragraph: W hy the British were able to hold off the German invasion when they were militarily weaker? **

=Note on pg. 492-496= 10/10

=**Note on Hitler's Germany- Ch. 10 & 11**= 10/10

=**Note on Hitler's Germany- Ch. 1 & 2**= 10/10

=**Oral Quiz 4- Fascism**= media type="file" key="Oral Quiz Fascism 4 .mp3" width="240" height="20" Very hard to hear. Did you try listening to it before you posted it? 9.5/10

=**Oral Quiz 3- Global Impact of Depression**= media type="file" key="Oral Quiz 3 Global Impact of Depression.mp3" width="240" height="20"

This is quite clear and articulate, but again, without a face, I unfortunately can't give you full marks. 10/10

=**The Great Depression**=

World War I have left huge damages to people. Mass destruction have caused a worldwide depression while various ideas from different fields were traveled through countries. For instance, Great War made groups of philosophers called existentialist. They believed that world doesn't contain any meaning. Friedrich Nietzsche influenced his existentialist ideas to Germans and writers like Franz Kafka wrote books that showed horror of life. Societies were changed after World War I. Technologies were developed and brought comfort to people. However, many countries suffered with declining economic and uncontrollable government. In Germany, people barely had loyalty toward their government. The poor economy caused prices to rose and money lost its value. Fortunately, America bank loans helped German economy to revive. America also had its depression in 1929. In the early 1920s, America was enjoying their boom. However, problem occurred by workers who couldn't afford to buy productions. As the purchase became slow, the factories' production also became slow. Farmers had troubles with falling food prices and slow sales. However, U.S president, Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal Program solved America's problems. The government started to have big public projects and created millions jobs to help citizens. Also they supported farmers and businesses to progress. Nations also had troubles with trading systems. They raised tariff so that local companies can increase their sales. However, the trade dropped and unemployment rose. In Britain, new mutiny government slowly improved British economy. France created new government, combination of Socialists and Moderates, and passed a law that would support employment of people. However, companies raised the price which still made unemployment high. In Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, active governments supported unemployed citizens with taxes from employed citizens. Also, government hired people to build the roads and buildings. Countries began to find different solutions to solve their economic crisis.
 * Station 1)**

Consistent Economic Crisis All Over the World (International Herald Tribute) Thesis: Economic crisis are striking all over the world. The depression made citizens to suffer.
 * Station 2)**
 * Banks are closing and citizens are losing money.
 * Crushed stock market made citizens to lose their money.
 * High increase of unemployment

Agricultural Depression (New York Times) Thesis: Depression influenced farmers. Bad economic situation makes farmers to suffer.
 * Farmers are suffering with slow food sale.
 * The price of food is falling tremendously.
 * Farmers cannot pay back their loans and debts.


 * Station 3)**
 * 1928, President Hoover promised to end the poverty in America.
 * America's economic situation got worse
 * Black Tuesday: Crash of stock market
 * Banks were closed and people became homeless
 * Increasing hobos-> Approximately 2 million people
 * Hoover: Had money to support businesses but caused more unemployment-> Civilians became angry and unhappy
 * Veteran soldiers marched to get their bonus but Hoover sent them back
 * Roosevelt took control by winning landslide election
 * Roosevelt created New Deal program which gave millions of jobs to unemployed people
 * Federal Security Act was passed and people began to trust the banks
 * More job creations and help for poor were made
 * National Industrial Recovery Act: Set the maximum hours and minimum wages
 * Agricultural Adjustment Act: Certain limitation for crop productions to stop the inflation of crop price
 * WPA, Works Progress Administration created 8 million jobs
 * National Youth Administration allowed students to have part time jobs
 * Movies, radios, and televisions became popular
 * America's economy gradually recovered its Depression until WWII
 * Depression destroyed hopes for world peace
 * 1929 Wall Street Crash-> America fell in to Great Depression, wanting their money back from countries like Britain, France, and Germany
 * Japan and Italy invaded weak countries while Britain and France was suffering of economic crisis
 * Hitler grabbed power: Promise for Germany's prosperity and more job creations
 * Depression was one of the main cause of WWII

Well done. 10/10

**Oral Quiz 2- Anti Communism** media type="file" key="Kate Cho Oral Quiz Anti Communism.mp3" width="240" height="20"

Very difficult to hear, and again, I cannot see you. 9.5/10

**Task 1)** **How did the Treaty of Versailles add to China's problems?** China wanted to benefit by joining the Allies side during World War I. They believed that they will receive independence from foreign countries. However, the Treaty of Versailles resulted only in changing of control to Japanese. China's desire of complete freedom from foreign influence continued to persist to be a problem. The disappointed Chinese rebelled and gave a room for Mao Zedong to gain popularity with Marxist ideas. Due to Mao's rise to power, the two rivalries between Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong will create problems as they will fight for leadership.


 * Task 2)**

From early 1600s to mid 1800s, Japan was isolated from rest of the world. However, Japan started to trade with foreign countries under Emperor Mutsuhito's reign during Meiji era. Because Japan quickly wanted to advance, they followed western's successful models to modernize itself. After successful modernization, Japan wanted to show its power and mimic western countries imperialism. It wanted to gain colonies for exploitation of natural resources, just like the western super powers. In 1904, Japan fought with Russia to control China's Manchuria. Manchuria has abundant natural resource that could provide economic benefits to Japan. Even though Japan was considered weaker, it defeated Russia. In 1910 Japan continue to expand its territories to other Asian countries such as China and Korea. During the process of land expansion, it treated Chinese and Koreans in cruel ways, only for its own advantages. Japan forcefully displaced its subjects to work in its factories in faraway territories. Furthermore, they showed no respect for native cultures. For example, Koreans were not even allowed to speak their own language and only the Japanese language and history were taught. In 1929, when the economic depression hit Japan, instead of finding an internal solution, it looked to its colonies' natural resources and work forces to recover its financial problems. Japan also expanded its territories to Indo-China and Pacific parts of Asia in 1937. Japan justifies its brutal colonization by blaming western powers for not giving any other options to deal with its surplus population. Japan claims that it is simply following what western super powers have done in previous times. It is helping undeveloped civilizations to utilize their resources. However, Japanese expansionism caused many resentments from the natives who have been suppressed in their own land.




 * Task 3)**

Mao Zedong and Stalin were both horrible dictators who killed millions of innocent civilians. Civilians suffered from hunger and work forces. However, I believe Mao was a better national leader than Stalin. First, Mao created People's Republic of China, which still remains its name until now. Chinese people think that Mao was a great leader who established whole new idea of party. They saw some errors within his philosophy but the idea itself was contended. Second, Mao hate to be in water, however he swam in front of his citizens in the water. His teeth were yellow and body was unclean because he didn't like to be in water. This kind of man was swimming in the river where everybody can see him. His action shows that he still cares for citizens. Third, current days, Chinese people recognize him as a great national leader. His house is a famous tourist course and there is a restaurant based on Mao's favorite food. Also, Mao's picture is hung up in the Tian An Moon forum. He is still respected by Chinese people. Therefore Mao was a better national leader than Stalin.
 * Was Mao a better or worse national leader than Stalin?**

You didn't need to ACTUALLY find the images for your "textbook article"! 9.5/10

**Oral Quiz- Russian Revolution** media type="file" key="Russian Revolution Kate Cho 9D.mp3" width="240" height="20"

This needed to be a movie so I could SEE that you are not reading notes, so unfortunately I have to take off 1 point. 10/10

**Station 1)** **Why Russia had a revolution in 1917?**  Russian Revolution was a significant event that shaped the lives of the Russians in the twentieth century. There are two main reasons that caused the Russian Revolution in 1917. The revolution didn't happen by a momentous discontentment but continual dissatisfaction among the people of Russia. First, Czar Alexander III and Nicholas II misused their power by oppressing any opposing powers. They halted any reforms to improve people's living standards. During rapid industrialization, workers suffered in poor conditions such as abominable environments and low wages. Angry workers united and often had strike to show their dissatisfaction. Revolutionary groups who believed in Marxist ideas were formed against the government. Secondly, further to humiliating defeat to Japan, World War I has brought extensive damages to Russia. War demanded many Russian soldiers' lives. The price for necessities were inflated that civilians couldn't afford to buy food. When the situation worsened, citizens and soldiers protested against government and finally Czar Nicholas II stepped down from his position.

media type="file" key="Stalin.mp3" width="240" height="20"
 * Station 2)**
 * Was Stalin a good man?**

This poster depicts happy workers who are going to work in new factories. The number 518 represents the number of how many factories were newly built. By showing laborers' cheerful faces, poster depicts them as ardent workers who are enjoying their work. The poster also says that those workers are "qualified" which shows that workers are proud that they were picked to do the tasks. This poster encourages people to work at factories. Even though the poster depicted well to persuade people to work, I found this propaganda not compelling. Russian industrialization wasn't developed well, therefore the workers didn't get any fair treatments. Instead, they were treated with long hours of work and low wages. Therefore, even though "qualified" workers were picked, they were useless. 518 new factories can give more jobs to more people. However, it means that most of the workers are doing boring repetitious jobs in bad environment. Therefore this poster wasn't compelling to me. Doing hagwon propaganda poster:)
 * Station 3)**
 * 1. What is the message that this poster is trying to get out to the Russian people?**
 * 2. Do you find this piece of propaganda to be compelling? Why or why not?**
 * 3. Make your own propaganda poster designed to make viewers adopt your viewpoint on one of the following issues: school uniforms; freedom of speech; hagwons**

The Treaty of Versailles reflects greediness of various countries who expect to get lots of benefits by blaming guilt on Germany. Even though Germany didn't lose on World War I, it was blamed for starting the Great War. France slyly used this chance to destroy Germany's power. Germany had the most strongest army. France wanted their military to dismobilize. However, Woodrow Wilson, who was the only one that saw in the viewpoint of Germany, disagreed about destroying whole military so they decide to dismobilize 90% of soldiers. In addition, France wanted to gain some land from Germany which are full of coals, a good resource for fuels. Other countries such as Italy, Japan, and Great Britain received huge amount of money and some land from Germany. Germany's economy tremendously fell in to disaster. Many people lost their jobs and money. To prevent from another world war, Woodrow Wilson created fourteen points. By creating League of Nation, lots of countries, both Allies and Central Power joined and tried to remain peace between countries. However in turn in out to be failed. Treaty of Versailles wasn't an fair treaty that Germany took all the blames. It directly showed countries' greediness of wanting land and money.
 * How did the Treaty of Versailles reflect the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War I?**

http://todaysmeet.com/KVE
 * Understanding WW1 Trench Warfare Group Discussion (Vicky, Kate, and Ethan)**

=**The Poet Contradiction**=
 * They are both showing the bitterness of war. However the Wilfred's poet thinks that war is nonsense and horrible. He regrets of being dead. In Flander's poet,he thinks that alive soldiers should fight against the opposition because it's their responsibility.**

=**Impact of Nationalism**= I believe nationalism had more negative impact on world. It is important to respect different groups' cultures. However unification into one major culture ignored minorities' cultures which were their prestigious traditions. In addition, extreme nationalistic movements caused terror. For example, Nazis killed innumerable Jewish people because they wanted to eliminate Jewish race. Nationalism united people together, however this made people to not accept other races or ideas. Therefore I believe nationalism had more negative effect than positive effect.
 * __Positive and Negative Impact of Nationalism__**
 * **Positive effect** || **Negative effect** ||
 * * People began to unite for common target
 * Opposing against colonial rules
 * Growth of democratic government worldly wide
 * Competition in advancement of science and technology occurred between nations || * Forced removal of minor cultures to combine into one major culture
 * Elimination of race or group by using violence
 * Extreme nationalistic movements, such as Nazism, occurred
 * Competition brought wars between nations ||
 * Do you think nationalism has had a more positive or negative impact on the world? Support your opinion with evidence.**

__**Types of Nationalist Movements**__ Unification is Mergers are culturally on similar lands however politically divided. Separation is different cultural groups refuse to unite into one state. State-building is different cultural groups agree to unite into one state. Empire is made of groups of people or nations. When there was rise of nationalism, possibly people who had same ideas would have united together and formed themselves into another country. Nations would also separated themselves from the empire. Therefore, the empire would have been collapsed but different nations were created.
 * 1. Using the table above, explain the characteristics of each type of Nationalistic movement in your own words.**
 * 2. What do you think would have happened to the empires (e.g. Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire) during the rise of nationalism?**

__**Key Skill: Analyzing Political Cartoons**__ 1. The boot that nationalist Garibaldi is giving king of Sardina is symbol of soon-to-be nation of Italy. The boot is newly attaching to king of Sardina's right leg, which shows that it will be part of Italy nation. 2. Garbaldi is portrayed as loyal servant of king. He is helping king to wear the boot which is showing that Garbaldi helped to unite Italy with Sardina king. 3. The title "Right Leg in the Boot at Last," shows that finally unification is on the last stage to be accomplished. There has been some harsh struggles through out the processes of unification.

__**CASE STUDY: Germany**__ On your own, read about the unification of Germany (online textbook pgs 261-263). 1) Create a flow chart that shows the key events that led the unification of Germany. 2) Looking at the map on page 263, answer the two geography skillbuilder questions. 1. The eastern and western parts of Prussia are separated. 2. 1871 is year that shows biggest land expansion because Prussia and South German states joined together and created German Empire. 3) Design a national symbol for the newly formed Germany. Include symbols that best represent the spirit or values of the German people at this time. Write a short paragraph explaining your symbol and its significance. The national symbol for newly formed Germany is consisted of coat of arm of Germany that symbolizes German Empire's creation and proclamation of Versilles. The background is flag of German Empire. There are three colors, black, white, and red. Black and white are colors of Prussia flag. Combination of black, red, and white shows emblem of war and civil.

Some of your answers are confused (eg. "Types of Nationalist Movements #1). You have not considered the meaning of the cartoon with enough care. The "boot" IS Italy, not part of it!

Your German nationalist symbol refers to the proclamation of Versailles, but since YOU are supposed to be creating a symbol for the newly created Germany, you can't use one that ACTUALLY was used! Be a little creative! The point here was to consider what might have resonated with German nationalism!

17/20

=**Terms and names**= Sepoys: Sepoys, Indian troops for Britain, opposed against Britain for their independence. Sepoy Mutiny: Sepoy Mutiny was a rebellion of the sepoys toward Britain for wanting to gain independence. However it was failed, therefore British government gained more direct power to control India. Congress Party: Beginning of India;s awareness of independence. It is first representation of Indians struggling for freedom. Mohandas Gandhi: Promoted nationalist unified Indians. Believing in nonviolence and noncooperation. His tactic was successful. Therefore Indians gained some rights. Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Strong hold for fighting Muslim's right. His influence made India divided into four different parts. =**Main Idea**= 1. There are four reasons for Britain's control over India. Britain had more advanced military weaponry compare to India. Declining power of the Mughal Empire's left the country vulnerable to foreign control due to internal chaos. The British had united goal and well organized system. Britain gave economical and political stability to India. 2. The cause of the Sepoy Mutiny is the Indian soldiers' refusal to load the catridge with grease form cows and pigs. After failed Mutiny British government had more direct control over India. 3. Congress Party, which mainly compromised of Hindus, and Muslim Party were two main groups that encouraged India's independence. 4. Gandhi believed in nonviolence, dedication to serve others, religious tolerance, and relenting material things. 5. Jinnah struggled for more representation for Muslims, but when this failed he fought for creation of independent nation. =**Documents**= 6. Documents B,C,E, and I are pro-British in nature, however, documents A,D,F,G,H,J,K, and L. 7. According to India's Constitution, India's lowest caste, untouchable, is abolished. Before the Constitution was made, untouchables were treated like inhumane things. However the Constitution gave them the rights to be free and independent. 8. British colonization gives both positive and negative lasting impacts on India. As you can see in document I, British built many fundamental infra structures that help to develop India's economy. However, in document J and L, British is removing India's traditions such as religion and culture. =**Critical Thinking**= 9. As can be seen by Sepoy Mutiny, Britain showed no respect for Indian's religion. They also believed themselves to be superior and didn't try to assimilate with the local people. 10. Positive effect is building of basic infra structures such as railroads, water system, and health system. Negative effect of exploitation of raw materials and forbidding Indian economy to compete with British manufacturers. 11. Gandhi's strong urges about nonviolence and noncooperation were successful. Britain had superior military so it would have been useless to fight using violence. In order to show religious tolerance he lived in the Muslim section to show that Hindus and Muslims can live harmoniously however it failed and he was assassinated. 12. The Muslims believed that their rights were not equally granted by the Hindu dominated Congress Party as they were outnumbered. 13. Disagreements among different religious groups could not be appeased. Hostility between the Hindus and Muslims grew to violence and it grew beyond the control of the British government. After Pakistan's independence from India, its leader, Jinnah, died too quickly leaving unsettlement. The long distance between East and West Pakistan gave into partition. Sri Lanka also drifted apart from India due to militant Temils.

18.5/20

=**Class 13**=


 * 1) Watch a student's presentation on the reactions to Imperialism by China and Japan above and take detailed notes. Use the table below. Read [|American Imperialism Overview] to complete the 3rd column.**


 * Reaction to Imperialism**
 * **China** || **Japan** || **United States of America** ||
 * * Europeans wanted to trade, China rejected (self sufficiency)
 * Britain sold opium (causing opium war-> China lost-> Open trade)
 * Taiping rebellion (Hong Xiuquan)
 * Empress Cixi tried to modernize, failed because of traditional values
 * Sphere of Influence, other countries taking over China
 * US- Open door policy, open trade to all merchants
 * Boxer rebellion-> Failed || * Matthew Parry threatening letter to open trade (Japan agreed)
 * Citizens didn't support
 * Mieji Era begun, enlightened rules
 * Successful modernization in Japan || * America's founding father- isolationism
 * Creation of Jingoism, opposite of isolationism
 * Need of new market
 * Citizens wanted America to declare war on Spain to help Cuba
 * Yellow journalists provoked war in order to sell more newspaper
 * Spanish American war (Cuba's freedom)
 * American's global influence spread: Guam and Philippines ||

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? 2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations? 3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists? 4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//OR//__ costs of imperialism?
 * 2) Find one political cartoon for the impact of imperialism in China, one for the impact on Korea and one for American Imperialism. Include these cartoons in your notes and answers the following questions:**

1) This image is anti imperialism. The picture shows that European nations and Japan are trying to divide China's markets among themselves. There is an intense tension between England and Germany, who are fighting to get the same region of China. Other countries, Russia, France, and Japan, are concerned with what regions to take over. At the back, Chinese man is trying to stop the division, however can not stop it due to his powerlessness. 2) The shocked face of the Chinese official shows his desperate opposition to stop the division. Both of his hands are held up high, which indicate they don't have any power to resist, they are nervously watching over for what is happening. 3) Europeans nations and Japan are having power struggles between themselves. They do not give any attention to China, who is the real land owner. The Japanese is deeply in thought for what region will be best for Japan, while England and Germany having bitter rivalry. Russia and France look over the land to find a good piece.They are cutting up China like a piece of pie and eating among themselves. 4) The image depicts the competition among the imperialists who are fighting to gain a bigger part of territory. They have no concern for the local people.
 * Impact on China**

1) This image is anti imperialism. Both Japan and China are fishing for Korea, waiting for Korea to catch the their bait. On the bridge, Russia is watching over China and Japan with great interest, however it did not place a fishing hook into the competition. 2) The native people is represented as a fish who has no where to run. The fish has not decided on which bait to take, however, it seems that it will soon be a victim. 3) China and Japan are both competing for same thing, Korea. They are actively seeking an opportunity to catch Korea. Russia on the other hand wants to take a part in this competition with interest, but it has not yet thrown its bait. 4) The poor fish is the inevitable victim of imperialism. Surrounded by three strong nations, China, Japan, and Russia, Korea is helplessly trapped in a shallow water with no place to hide or escape.
 * Impact on Korea**

1) This image is pro imperialism. The three countries, Hawaii, Cuba, and Philippines, are celebrating the American holiday. Holding hands symbolize that they are in unison of supporting American influence on their nations. In addition, they are holding American flags to show they welcome America. 2) Hawaii, Cuba, and Philippines are all jumping with joy to celebrate America's independence. This is to show their gratitude toward America's assistant in their liberation. 3) Even though America is not depicted in the image, allowing these nations to carry their flags to celebrate together show that America is happy with their associations with these nations. 4) The image conveys that America helped these nations to be liberated. The three nations are in jovial mood and fully support America's influence on them. They show their appreciation toward America's role by holding American flag.
 * Impact on America**

__Economic Imperialism__
Watch the video below but stop at 10:55. Put you answers on your gallery page.

Feudalism is a land based economy where the lord had total power over his land. The serfs and peasants lacked any rights and worked under harsh conditions. The rich land owners generated wealth through farming produce from their lands. Mercantilism is an economic system that emphasizes the balance of trade. It is important for a nation to export more than to import**.** Through this process a nation is able to accumulate gold or precious metal. The government should work closely with the merchants to have a beneficial trade. Capitalism differs from these two economic systems as it adopts "laissez-faire" policy. More driven by individual profits, each business enterprise seeks to achieve the highest level of profits through open market competition.
 * 1) Feudalism and mercantilism were two economic systems that preceded capitalism. Review and summarize (in your own words) how they generated wealth. How does capitalism DIFFER from these two systems?**

There are two forces that drive capitalism. They are imperialism/ colonization and fossil fuel. Imperialism is the main cause of capitalism. The motive of colonization was conquering world for extracting resources for the mother land. For instance Britain colonized India to gather resources needed. They often used violence that led many killings of Indians. Another factor that caused capitalism is discovery fossil fuel. Capitalism is widely productive which made huge economic growth. The fossil fuel, oil, coal, and natural gas, helped to develop mass production as they create more energy.
 * 2) According to this lecturer, what forces drive capitalism?**

This work was exceptionally well done. I appreciate your thoughtful answers, and the fact that you are expressing yourself in your own words. 20/20


 * The Scramble for Africa**
 * Task 1 (Partner: Carol Jung)**

1) England and France controlled the largest sections of Africa. 2) I think England and France mostly controlled Africa because in 1914, they were the most powerful nations. They both are stable with politics and economics.
 * Task 2**

-In 1986, the conflict started -African resources: West's greediness -Spreading Christianity influence -Civilizing uneducated Africans, doing for their benefits -Britain: Kairo to cape town, western region, and Nigeria -Britain removed the culture to replace with their rule -France: East west, Madagascar -Negative effects: Slavery, causing genocide, and bloody wars -Uganda PM quited his president seat due to Britain and Israel's power -Poverty came to Africa -NRA was made, aim for whole country -Successful revolutions caused Laquella to be weakened in his power
 * Task 3**

1) What was the Berlin Conference? The Berlin Conference was a conference in Berlin between powerful European nations such as Britain and France and United States about distribution of African countries for colonization. However there was no African in this meeting. 2) What were the three outcomes of the conference? There were three agreements made in this meeting. First, Any sovereign power that want to claim on territory for colonization should inform to the other countries. Second, Annexation should be validated by effective occupation. Lastly, treaties with African rulers are considered as a valid title for sovereignty.
 * Task 4**

1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know? 2) What views of African and Asians are being communicated in each of the illustrations? 3) What views are being communicated about the British/ Americans in their role as imperialists? 4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//**OR**//__ costs of imperialism?
 * Task 5**

1) This image is anti imperialism. As you can see in the picture, white man symbolizes greediness, who wants Africa's valuable resources to make money. 2) From the Africans' point of view, they can feel angry and aghast because their precious resources are forcefully taken away by the Western forces. 3) From the white man's view point, he is contented because he is making profit by controlling the resources. 4) This image shows that white men are too greedy for money. Their actual motive is having precious resources, not teaching Africans to be developed. For Africans, it is a sad event that they cannot have their resources due to Western forces. 1) This image is pro imperialism. The white man is depicted as a leader who is leading Africans to be educated and developed. 2) From the Africans' view point, they see the white man as a leader who will help them to be educated. 3) From the white man's view point, he is described as a smart educated man who came to Africa to help them civilized. 4) This image shows that imperialism has positive effect on Africa because white people will help Africans to be civilized and developed. 1) This image is anti imperialism. The white snake with crown, which symbolizes the white man, is twisting the African who is suffering from the pain. 2) From the Africans' point of view, they are described as weak people who can't do anything to stop white people's abuse. 3) From the white man's point of view, white men are evil snake who are using Africans to earn more profit and make them suffer under their control. 4) This image shows that imperialism actually harms Africans because the white men is using Africans for their profits. They are not developing the Africans in truth. 1) This image is pro imperialism. This image is from children ABC book. N represents that white men's army is strong. Therefore white people can protect Africans from dangers. I represents that white men kill wild animals to protect Indians. W represents that white men help Africans to be developed. The picture depicts African sitting on nice chair and listening to white man's lecture. 2) From the African's point of view, they will see white people in positive way, who lead them to be developed. Also they will be more secure due to white men's powerful army. 3) From the white men's point of view, they are the kind people who teach uneducated Africans to be educated. Also they are protecting Africans from the perils. 4) This image shows that imperialism is beneficial to Africans. White men are kindly providing them education and protection. 1) This image is anti imperialism. The sharp looking white man is teaching both white and black students. However, the black students, from different nations, are scared of the white man's teachings. In the back, the white students are depicted in bigger size which means that white people have more power than black people. 2) From the Africans' view point, they are forcefully getting lecture from white men. Their faces are fulfilled with scariness. 3) From the white men's view point, they are getting benefits from the Africans. They are pretend to teach but try to use their natures to become rich. 4) This image shows that imperialism is only beneficial to white men. However it gives drawbacks to Africans. 1) This image is anti imperialism. The black bird symbolizes greedy white men. Under this big bird there are lots of Africans who are resisting to this greedy white men. 2) From the Africans' point of view, they are protesting against the white men force. They think it is unfair that white people are dominating their lands. 3) From the white men's point of view, they are the predators who are taking Africans' rights and lands. The bird is symbolizing greediness. 4) This image is showing the white men's greediness toward Africans' greediness. However, the Africans are discontented about their forceful domination. 1) This image is anti imperialism. There is a white man who is watching map to colonize the land. Right next to the mam, there is the a statue of justice and equality which is showing the scene of massacre of Africans. 2) From the Africans' view point, they are killed by the white people due to their greediness. White men think it was under the justice however the truth is opposite. 3) From the white men's view point, they think killing Africans were under the justice sue to their colonization. They are depicted as a cheater. 4) This image means that white men are doing those cruel things under the justice however the truth is opposite. The innocent Africans were killed by their greediness.
 * PIC. #1**
 * PIC. #2**
 * PIC. #3**
 * PIC. #4**
 * PIC. #5**
 * PIC. #6**
 * PIC. #7**

This work was VERY well done! 30/30


 * Darwin Document Based Questions**

I believe that Darwin's theory applies to our culture and society. Darwin stated this theory called, "survival of fittest." It contains the idea that strongest ones can only survive from the cruel society. Even in modern times, people commonly assume that Darwin's theory exist. These days, money and reputation are two symbols for success. Success is a key to lead to the power. For instance, everyone knows Steve Jobs because he's known for founder of Apple, who is rich and well known through out the world. In contrast to Steve Jobs, what do people call the beggars in the street, who don't have any money or reputation? They will call them losers. Basically people who are strong have more possibility to survive. However people who are weak have less possibility to survive. Another example can be comparison between America and Nigeria. America is one of the strongest country, where the economics and politics are stable. However, Nigeria, one of the Third World country, is full of poverty and conflicts. There is a big gap between these two countries. These social examples perfectly match with Darwin's idea.


 * Imperialism Chart**

Your answer is good, although Nigeria is actually quite wealthy, being a major exporter of oil, so I'm wondering why you chose it as an example? It does ALSO have poverty and conflict, but surely that could also be said of the USA? Your chart was very well done. Does Darwin's theory apply equally to NATIONS, not just individuals? In other words, is it natural and/or right that strong countries should survive and weak countries should not? 9.5/10


 * The Rise of Imperialism**

“The White Man’s Burden” describes about the white men’s responsibility toward undeveloped countries. According to Rudyard Kipling, white men have rights to control over the inferior countries. By controlling those countries, they can obtain the wealth.
 * 1. What is “The White Man’s Burden” based on Rudyard Kipling’s description in this poem?**

I do not agree with Kipling’s characterization. Kipling saw those countries as undeveloped, however, they never tried to understand or find those countries own special traits. Kipling has a stereotype due to his extreme racism.
 * 2. Do you agree or disagree with Kipling’s characterization? Why or why not?**

Europe and America believe that they are the most powerful and civilized countries compare to rest of the countries. They believe that they are “teaching” those inferior countries to be developed. However, in reality, they are trying to gain wealth by controlling those countries.
 * 3. What does this say about the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800 - early 1900’s? Use specific examples from the poem.**

I believe that KIS is an example of “The White Man’s Burden” in modern Korean society. KIS is based on the Western education style, which is totally different from the normal Korean education. It means that Korea’s also getting influence from the Western world.
 * 4. Is KIS an example of “The White Man’s Burden” in modern Korean society? Why or why not?**

I'd like to see more thoughtful answers. For example, your answer to question #4 ought to consider the MOTIVE for KIS -- is it imperialist? Is it a reflection of national DUTY?

7/10

1. Why would Andrew Carnegie and Fredrick Engels disagree about the effects of industrialization? Their view points are different. Carnegie’s view point is from the factory owners. He sees the whole American consumer market as people who purchase his productions. He doesn’t think poor people as potential buyers. He emphasizes that market is for opportunities for manufacturers to profit. However, Engel’s view point is from working class. He states that it’s an abuse for unskilled poor workers to find proper jobs. Government never gives chances to those people and neglects them.
 * Class 10**
 * Cornell note**
 * Document Based Questions**

2. What might be the reasons for 16 year old Mary Paul’s satisfaction with her job and life in Lowell? Compare to the works in home and works in factory, the payment is much higher than what Mary earned in home. Even though it is less money compare to men, she’s satisfying that she’s earning more money. In addition, she satisfies with environment. As long as she has shelter and food, she is contented. This shows her low self expectation for life.

3.Why might the political cartoon by Walter Crane be useful in getting workers to rally to the cause of Socialism? In the cartoon, it describes Capitalism as a bat who abuses workers. It shows the way how bat is draining the blood out of man. It implies that how capitalistic factory owners will make workers to work until they lose all of their language. The bat has no concern for tired workers. However the socialism is described as a white angel, who is rescuing tired workers from the greedy factory owners.

10/10


 * Class 9**

Would Marx have agree that these countries were "communist"? What has happened to the "communist" world (once called the "Second World", to distinguish it from the "First World" -- wealthy capitalist countries, and the "Third World" -- poor countries)? Marx wouldn't agree that these countries were "communists." Marx's idea was perfect however, it was unrealistic in real life to be happened. First, Marx hoped for equality between all the classes. He thought that people should share each other their goods and wealth. Therefore, there will be no clash between rich and poor. Second, Marx thought that there is no need for a government. Because people are all equal there is no need for one total power to control over people. Third, Marx believed that everybody should be payed in equal amount. No matter how much effort and time one person achieved, people will receive same amount of money for equality. However, when the "communist" countries actually practiced Marx's principles, it mostly failed. One of the most well known communist country is North Korea. According to the Marx's theory, people should be equal. In North Korea, there is a big gap between rich people and poor people. More problem is that this gap is now getting bigger than before. This shows that rich people remain same as rich but poor people remain same as poor. In addition, there shouldn't be any total government control. Despite this principle, North Korea is centered with government. When countries actually practiced on Marx's theory, it led to failure, usually a dictatorship.

Why do you think this has happened? This has happened because of unfairness in payment system. According to the theory, people should have same income for equality. Therefore, it didn't matter how diligent they work or how long they work. People who ran big businesses thought it as an unfairness. People lost their mind to work hard. Laziness caused no development in country. This was the main reason why Communist countries didn't have much growth in economics. As a result, it led to collapse of country.

What do you think of the idea that the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world never materialized (see p. 270) because of the Union movement (the formation of trades unions who unite to demand better working conditions for workers) and reform laws (to improve conditions for workers, eg. safety requirements, limits on the length of the working day, minimum wages)? I think it is impossible to decrease the gap between rich and poor in the industrialized world. It is true that Union movement and reform laws decreased a little bit of gap. It provided higher wage, shorter time, and better working conditions. However, it couldn't change the whole thing. In addition, society innately accepted high educated rich people more than low uneducated poor people. There were absolutely low chances for poor people to became rich people. Unless there is an innovative new system to develop poor people, it will be hard to decrease the big gap.

Kate, this was not the assignment. You were to look at the photos in the photo essay about child labor in the Industrial Revolution and respond to what you saw. 5/10

Strike!

During the Industrial Revolution, workers worked in harsh conditions. Wage was very low compare to the long working hours. Due to hard work, they often starved. In addition, bad working conditions made their health worse. Factory owners treated workers like a slave. Then laborers began to think it was unfair. Therefore, they revolt against their factory owner. Both men and women, young and old wanted shorter hours and more wage. However, it wasn't an easy process to achieve. Many strikes happened. Polices and employees fought over each other. Different race and age people organized themselves together and opposed against the unfairness. As a result, the law was made to improve employees' situations. Workers succeeded their achievement.

1. The Industrial Revolution, and the urbanization that accompanied it, have been described as a mixed blessing. To what extent to you agree with this statement?

I agree that Industrial Revolution which is accompanied with urbanization is a mixed blessing. It gave lots of jobs to people. Many people got chances to earn money. It greatly increased people's living standard. Also it increased educational opportunities by more demands of professionals and skilled people. However, there are disadvantages too. Due to factory owner's greediness, both old and young people worked for long hours but payed very little. Some people acted extremely like breaking machines and thinking that machines took their jobs away. Therefore, it is agreeable that Industrial Revolution is described as mixed blessing.

4. Why did Napoleon's empire collapse? There were three main reasons for the empire's collapse. First, Napoleon wanted to weaken the British power. Napoleon's attempts, such as blocking possible countries who are trading with Britain, failed. This eventually led to the downfall of France's economy. Second, Napoleon putted his brother as the king of Spain. However, this unsatisfactory event made loyal Spanish citizens to become angry. As a result, they lost 300,0000 troops in Spain. Third, Napoleon attempted to conquer Russia. However, due to Russia's cold weather and lack of food and supplies, Napoleon lost 300,000 soldiers. Out of 400,000 soldiers, only 100,000 soldiers survived. These are the main three reasons why Napoleon's empire collapsed.
 * The Congress of Vienna questions**

5. What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna? There were three goals of the Congress of Vienna. First goal was promise of France that they will not attack any another countries more. Second goal was balancing power between all the countries in Europe, so that one country can't have total power over other countries. Third goal was putting kings into their positions again. In conclusion, the major goal of the Congress of Vienna is making peace for Europe which will last long.


 * The Revolution Poster**


 * I chose this picture for my quote because my quote emphasize the word revolution.**


 * The Poster: Catherine the Great**

Link: http://edu.glogster.com/glog.php?glog_id=25332405&scale=100


 * Absolutism Questions**

What is absolutism? Absolutism is a theory based on idea of monarch’s absolute power in a centralized state. The monarch had total control in all aspects; religion, economic, and politics. The monarch ruled the country with supreme authority. He wasn’t subject to earthly laws because he was believed to have divine rights. Absolutism was used to unify nation states between 15th and 18th centuries.

Explain the justification for absolutism referred to as the 'divine right of kings'. It was believed that the monarch was symbolic of God. The monarch gained absolute power directly from the God. The monarch has to be subject to only God, not the people of his country. Therefore, challenging monarch meant challenging the God.

List the causes of the rise of Absolutism in Europe. Reformation resulted in reduce power of the pope and the Catholicism. People needed a strong ruler after experiencing the chaos of Middle Ages. Influential figures, such as Hobbes and Bishop Boussuet, had spread ideas that supported the significance of one strong ruler.

4) Explain briefly how absolutism developed in Spain- Charles V inherited the massive parts of the European territories due to his birth rights. His huge empire benefited great wealth. France- Louise XIV was successful at putting down any possible oppositions from aristocrats and Huguenots. England- Tudor Dynasty successfully worked together with the Parliament to maintain absolute power. Russia- Peter I and Catherine II developed Russia by westernization and expanding territories.


 * Speed Dating Video**


 * Voltaire:[|Speed Dating]**


 * QUESTIONS: VIDEO**

1) Who was "the Bald Rat"? The Bald Rat was Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who was highly regarded in society. 2) Where did Japan hope to build its empire? Japan hoped to build its empire in china. 3) What stopped it from building its empire as planned? The defeat against Korea stopped Japan to build its empire. 4) Why didn't they try again? Japan didn’t try again because of successor problem.


 * APPARTS: QIANLONG**

Author: The author of the source is Qianlong,

Place and Time: The source was written in 1793 in China, Guangzhou.

Prior Knowledge: China isolated itself from the rest of the world.

Audience: The audience of this source is King George III. The source is reliable because it is personal letter to the king.

Reason: The reason why author wrote this letter to King George III was to refuse trade between China and Europe.

Main Idea: The main idea of the source is telling Europe that China refuse to interact with rest of the world.

Significance: The significance of this source is isolation of China from rest of the world because they believed China’s already self sufficient.


 * APPARTS: "Edicts For 1635 Ordering the Closing of Japan"**

Author: The author of edicts is Tokugawa Leyasu, who is one of the person who united Japan into one country.

Place/Time: The edicts are written in 1635 in Japan.

Prior Knowledge: Japan isolated themselves from the rest of the country in 1600s.

Audience: The source was created for Japanese citizens who lived during Tokugawa Leyasu’s time. This source is reliable because the content is factual.

Reason: The reason why source that was created is to clearly announce to Japanese citizen that contacting with foreign people or receiving influence from foreign people are restricted with severity.

Main Idea: The main idea of the source is Tokugawa Leyasu’s strong refusal of global trade.

Significance: This source is significant because edicts show the clear reason of Japan’s isolation. They isolated themselves by strong refusal of interaction with rest of world.

September 22nd 2011
 * Class Work 13**

1. There are many countries believing Muslim. Many countries have over 1 million muslims.

2.Zheng He had many voyages. There are many routes that he traveled. The travel's object is to show the superiority.

September 20th
 * See, think, and wonder.....**

I see... men with the touching fingers I think... the right man is the god I wonder... why two men are touching their fingers each other

=**China's Golden Age**= September 7th

Zheng he's ship and Columbus's ship have great difference. From the size, it's easily recognizable that Zheng he's ship is bigger than Columbus's ship. Also the usage of both ships are different. For Columbus, the ship was for discovery. However, for Zheng he the big ship was to show off how great China is to the other countries.
 * Comparison between Columbus's and Zheng He's ship**

China's silk road goes through Syria, Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and China in modern world.
 * China silk road**

The map of the capital that Zhu Di made is different from the modern map of China. The modern map is in larger scale. It shows other buildings in Beijing. However, the map of the Beijing city wall only shows the capital. It shows that this map only cares for the capital, which means that this map want to show that capital is most important feature.
 * Comparison between two maps**

If the wall was extended 6400km west from Yalu river, it might be end in Turkey or the other Europe countries which are around Turkey.
 * Extension of Great Wall**

**Images**
1. ChinaZhengHeShip1405vsSantaMaria500pxw.jpg I learned that China has a great skill in building ship and has superiority from the other countries.

2. europe_1400.jpg I learned that Europe had lots of kingdoms during 1400s.

3. Territories_of_Dynasties_in_China.gif I learned that most expansion occurred in Qing dynasty. Also, each time period has different land size.

4. mapSilkRoad.gif I learned that China had a silkroad which starts from China and ends in Europe.

5. European_city_populations I learned that most populated cities in 1400s are different from most populated cities in 1600s.

6. Beijing_city_wall_map.jpg I learned that the walled capital is divided into four parts and most important forbidden city is located in most inner part.

7. beijing-map-overview.gif I learned that Beijing has lots of features that are also big as the walled capital city.

8. great_wall_map1.png I learned that great wall was created through constructions over long period of time.

9. PrimeMeridianThm.jpg I learned that Greenwich is located in the prime meridian line which is zero degree in longitude.

10. grand-canal-map1.png I learned that Grand Canal starts from Beijing and end in Hangzhou.


 * Islam map analysis**

From the three maps i can see that Islam is spreading through Abbasid and Umayyad family. Islam is influencing the empires greatly. It spreads very fast

Kate, I'm not sure the last sentence is finished, but you were asked to write only TWO sentences. You do you know that "Islam is influencin the empires greatly"? 1.5/3





[|Interview.swf]

Kate, Please use the blue bar button in the edit bar between assignments, and give each assignment a clear title and date. See my comments below:

Vocabulary heretical- Religious, doctrine faggot- A bundle of sticks that represents someone’s belief about religion Eucharist- People who have their own conviction of religion abstain- To hold something, refrain penance- A punishment, sacrament beseeching- Searching around source- The origin of something

1. In section 1, Heretical Beliefs, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article? Hogsflesh is renouncing his heretical belief, which is rejection of Mary, in market places. Then he joined to the religious procession at Chichester Cathedral. However, he was still carrying the faggot to show his conviction for heresy and to complete his penance. The main point of the article is Hogsflesh’s firm belief about heresy and faggots show his firmness.

Not the main point of the article. Please do not begin answers with "-" as this is an incorrect usage of this punctuation.

2. What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles? Read the record and inform to the wider world. Also, historians should interpret the records which might be incomplete or contradictory. I agree with his assumption because the reason why we know the history of different places are that historians found the records and inform to the world. Another roles can be discoverer and author.

He explains MANY more roles -- 9 in all! Your answers must be in complete sentences please.

3.What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references? It means that historians think that every parts in the record is precious. Historians shouldn’t make the facts up and shouldn’t ignore the record that is containing opposite argument from the historians. It is important to remember because you might misinterpret the source or skip the important facts.

Good answer!

4.How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view? For Hogsflesh incident, some historians interpreted that it’s an evidence of general shift in religious belief but another historians interpreted that his experience formed part of a pattern controlling religious belief. Some believed that Hogsflesh’s belief was already existing and some believed that his penance reminds of variety displays in English marketplaces. When I had middle school graduation, I took many pictures with my male friends. Some might interpret that I was a girl who __every males likes**?**__ or some might interpret that I had many male friends, who shared deep friendships with them.

Good.

5.Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response. When __me and my friend__ **my friend and I** attended to the same school, we still remember our first day of school. We had a PE class and we needed to go to the gym. However, we lost our way and we couldn’t attended our class. __We both couldn’t__ **Neither of us could** remember the details, but we still remember the general story. Yes, historians should be objective, because they should have various point of views.

Good answer

6.What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history? If historians practice subjective history, they will describe stories in different ways because of different point of views. It might be beneficial because historians can have a political view points and have the role of philosopher. It is important to remember both way I did and other person did because both can have different point of view and different memory.

Good answer

7.Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not? -Every historians are story tellers because they produce a synthesis and spread it through writing, radio, TV, and many other sources. No, because the tales might appear a little differently and historians adopt different roles.

We can NOT trust historians? Your answer/reasoning is unclear.

8.How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views? -Based on this reading, my view of history and historians changed. I thought that history is a hard subject and historians are boring job, however, by reading this text, I knew that history is interesting and historians are having multiple roles which are great. Such as discoverer, interpreter, author, and many other roles. I will now approach history more deeply than before to understand in different point of views and discover interesting new facts.

Okay.

9/10