Lizzie's+World

On Jasmine's page
 * Date:5/25/12**
 * Afghanistan War**

- Persecuted communists and Buddhists
 * Date: 5/22/12**
 * Korean War and Vietnam War**
 * **Korean War** || **Similarities** || **Vietnam War** ||
 * * Soviet troops take north of 38th Parallel, U.S. take the south part
 * Communist in North, Nationalist government in South
 * North Korean forces crosses over to South for invasion
 * United States and United Nations help the South endure the invasion
 * Showed Communism's spread in Asia
 * Repetition of pushing back from North and South
 * Settled into long stalemate
 * Signing of an armistice at Panmunjom, which signaled the division of North and South Korea
 * Destruction of Korea; millions of homeless citizens
 * South Korea becomes one of the strongest economies and remains independent
 * North Korea remains communist
 * 1950-1953 ||< * Division between North and South depending on political views
 * Involvement of the United States
 * Communism rooted in Asia by China and Soviet Union || * After World War II, nations in Indo-China become independent from Japan and France
 * Laos and Cambodia independent; Vietnam divided between communist North and anti-communist South
 * U.S. gives money to South Vietnam to prevent the 'domino effect'
 * Leader of South Vietnam, Diem, was a dictator:
 * Communists set up National Liberation Front, or Vietcong, backed by North Vietnam
 * USA sends advisers to South Vietnam
 * Rebellions rise against Diem and he faces death
 * Communism rises in South Vietnam
 * USA uses bombs on Vietcong
 * Communist China and the Soviet Union gives aid to the North (hidden forest path)
 * USA brings more hate due to their actions; destruction of homes and crop fields, usage of bombs
 * USA draws back and signs a peace agreement with North Vietnam
 * North takes South Vietnam and North Vietnamese leader, Ho Chi Minh, unites the two divided regions
 * Indo-China becomes communist ||


 * 10/10**

media type="youtube" key="TchQBXsM6SM" height="315" width="420"
 * Date: 5/21/12**
 * Debate**

- Difference in political beliefs (Russia: Communism, the Allies: democracy) - Distrust between both sides during World War 2 - Tension between the Superpowers that started in World War 2 - The fear from Britain and U.S.A. after the Yalta agreement, when it came clear that the USSR had plans of their own - Competition between USSR and the United States to change the governments of European countries
 * Date: 5/20/12**
 * Cold War**
 * __5 Underlying Causes__**

This house has been hit by the shock of an atomic bomb. It is getting blown into pieces in matter of seconds.
 * __Questions A,B,C__**
 * A. Look at the photographs opposite.**
 * 1. Describe in your own words what happened to his house.**

Every building and infrastructure in the town would get blown away and many people living there would be vaporized to death. After the impact of the bomb, people would be screaming and burning amongst the dust and falling pieces of buildings. It would just be terrifying with the dust cloud rising to the sky.
 * 2. Use your imagination to describe what would happen if a whole town was hit by an explosion like this.**

I think these people wanted to 'ban the bomb' to protect themselves and the whole world. They saw the impact of atomic bombs through Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the growth of nuclear weapons. They knew the consequences of bombing and the future of the world if nuclear weapons kept on forming.
 * B. Look at the photograph above.**
 * 1. Why do you think these people wanted the government to 'ban the bomb'?**

I think there was a wide range of people in CND because atomic bombs could impact anyone of any age and gender. It was crucial for everyone to go against the bombs because it could change the shape and the future of the world.
 * 2. The picture shows that men and women, young and old, wanted to 'ban the bomb'. Why do you think there was such a wide range of people in CND?**

There were plenty of arguments against banning nuclear weapons. Most of the excuses were made because of fear. The United States was especially scared of being second in getting new nuclear weapons. They created new airplanes to carry nuclear weapon to close the bomber gap. Then, they created lots of missiles to close the missile gap between them and USSR. The United States thought they needed to balance the amount of power the two Superpowers had. To do that, they had to go against the banning of nuclear weapons.
 * C. Look back to chapter 7 on pages 16-17. What arguments were there against banning nuclear weapons?**

__**Charts**:** Goals of Establishment **__ I think the most significant historical event was the fall of the Berlin wall. Other three events were also very significant in human history but through the fall of the Berlin wall, you could see unity. All revolutions starts with unification and anger, and this revolution to bring down the wall was especially successful. The number of people arguing for their rights was incredible. When I was watching the video, my mouth dropped at the size of the rebellions. People really put themselves in action throughout the event. Different nations stood up for their own rights to go against the communist party. Unity was clearly visible throughout the whole film and I think that's what made it so significant for me.
 * **United Nations** || **Marshall Plan** || **Warsaw Pact** ||
 * * June 1945, United States and USSR joined with 48 other countries to form an international organization called the United Nations.
 * To protect nations from international aggression
 * To discuss and to keep peace within nations || * 1947, proposal by the U.S. Secretary, George Marshall that gave aid to weak European countries.
 * Provided food, machinery, and other materials to Western Europe
 * Big success: many nations joined the Allies || * 1955, USSR forms its own alliance called the Warsaw Pact.
 * Created to go against NATO.
 * Included USSR, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania. ||
 * __Most Significant Historical Event__**

10/10


 * Date: 5/17/12**
 * Venn Diagram**

I do think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes because they did a lot of awful things to the whole world. They were responsible for a big chunk of World War II, especially the Nazis. The Italians were also part of their alliance however they did not take much action and they were split into two groups within the country. The Nazis broke the Treaty of Versailles by obeying Hitler and they created a major conflict in the world. Not only that, they caused a horrendous genocide; such a terrible and deadly killing of mankind that the world created a new word for it. The Holocaust killed millions of people just because of their beliefs. The Nazis should be responsible for all the deaths they created. The Nazis also brought back the idea of imperialism, which led to other countries to jump in to stop them. The Japanese also adopted the idea and jumped around the Pacific theater and angered the United States with the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The Japanese attacked territories without asking. Both the Nazi and Japanese leaders helped break world peace and create millions of innocent deaths and destruction of many countries. Therefore, the Nazi and Japanese leaders should be the only ones charged fro war crimes.
 * Do you think it was right for the Allies to try only Nazi and Japanese leaders for war crimes? Explain your thinking.**

__**Video Responses**__ The twins emphasized the amount of pain they earned from this event in the beginning when they said that they never told anything about this to anyone. They were sent off to the camps at a very young age and they were experimented on, and I can't believe they went through all that without complaining. It was truly sad to see the scary reality of the Holocaust, where the Jews could not speak up for themselves. After the experiments, many women were unable to have children in the future and I can't imagine how sad the twins must have been to hear that news. Luckily, they were able to have children. However, thinking of other women that went through the experiment and those who are unable to have children, I feel really really sorry for them. Every women's dream is to have kids and to grow a family I'm glad that at least they had each other to depend on and to lean on throughout the whole event.
 * Date: 5/15/12**
 * The Holocaust**
 * Twins**

Imagine how guilty he must have felt, watching his brother getting taken away by Germans. He must have had a hard time getting over the loss of his brother and the memory of him getting beaten. On the way to his next camp he lost his sister and his mother, left with only a photo of her. From the video, you could tell that the news of the death of his mother was a very sad event in his life. He looked like he was about to cry. It was even more tragic when the two brothers met again but did not greet each other. I was shocked at this. They lost the ability to have happy emotions and actions such as hugging and laughing. I can't imagine myself losing the ability to laugh and love, because without those traits, it wouldn't be me. The effects of the Holocaust really shocked me.
 * Brothers**

This video showed the fear and the determination to survive of the Jews. Not only that, it highlighted the cruelness of the escorts or the Germans. They pushed prisoners into the abyss. Do they not have feelings? How would anything like that be amusing? The man had to watch the people die at a pretty young age. He had to take the clothes of the dead to keep himself alive and he fought for the food being offered at the camps. After the Holocaust, he must have felt guilt and sadness from his determination to survive amongst other people. However, it is good to see that this inspired him to serve for his country and the Jews by being a Zionist.
 * Mordecai Eldar**

I was shocked by this video. First of all, girls were sent off to work in construction sites of trenches and roads. They are young girls and I bet majority had little strength to carry on with the tasks. Second of all, Germans threw live children in the crematoria. LIVE children. Once again, do the Germans not have a heart? Have they become so inspired by Hitler that they began to act like the same way? You can tell that she hates the memory in her head by the way she closed her eyes after mentioning the horrible sight. The fact that she was surprised to have an ordinary life again shows how depressing the Holocaust was.
 * Zanne Farbstein**

The fact that Mr. Hollander could describe each camps without hesitation shows how awful the camps were. Was it that bad enough for people to clearly picture the different camps all over Germany? He was sent to the camps at a young age and when he expressed his grief for not being able to share the cake with his brother, it told me that the Holocaust destroyed family life and love. Watching the people die could have been his most difficult situation during the Holocaust but instead, it was something related to his sibling. This touched me because it really showed the tragedy of the Holocaust.
 * Yaakov Hollander**

I can't believe prisoners had to bury the Jews that were murdered by the Germans. It would have been horrible to bury the people that were in the same situation as her. She also lost all her family members because of this tragedy. However she established her dream of becoming a midwife and I think this is something really courageous of her to do after so much loss during the Holocaust. I'm really glad that she achieved her dream and weave out of the memory of the Holocaust.
 * Sophie Engelsman**

I feel bad for Mrs. Brown because she had to transport from camps to camps in tight cattle cars where there was little freedom. Her arm had to be tattooed with a number and she said it herself that everyone lost identity. Losing identity must have felt awful. However, I feel happy for her because she found her true love and she gave birth to two girls. She seemed to have a happy life after the Holocaust.
 * Eva Brown**


 * Date: 5/13/12**
 * The Allied Victory: In the Pacific**
 * __Guided Reading__**
 * 8. Battle of Leyte Gulf**
 * October 23, 1944, a battle between the Allies and the Japanese over the island of Leyte in the Philippines.
 * End of Japanese navy in the war.


 * 9. Battle of Okinawa**
 * April 1 ~ June 21, 1945, battle between the U.S. troops and the Japanese.
 * Many losses for both but especially for the Japanese who lost over 100,000 troops.


 * 10. Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki**
 * August 6, 1945, bombing of Hiroshima, August 9, bombing of Nagasaki
 * September 2, Japan surrenders to General MacArthur, announcing the victory for the Allies and the United States.


 * B.**
 * Bernard Montgomery:** A British general that controlled the British troops in North Africa. He took part in the Battle of El Alamein and Operation Torch to get rid of Rommel's forces.
 * Dwight Eisenhower:** An American general that led Operation Torch in Morocco and Algeria.

USSR suffered the greatest human costs.
 * __Comparing World War I and World War II__**
 * Cost of World War II: Allies and Axis**
 * 1. Which of the nations listed in the chart suffered the greatest human costs?**

The total U.S. spending on the war was greater than the sum of the spending of Germany and Japan.
 * 2. How does U.S. spending on the war compare with the spending of Germany and Japan?**

I think the stronger determination to invade and control other nations in World War II contributed to the increased number of deaths. There must have been more deadly weapons involved in the second war because they have went through the same process in the first war. The armies were quite developed by this time and it meant tougher battles between armies. All of this factors contributed to the increased number of deaths in World War II.
 * Military Casualties, World War I and World War II**
 * 1. What factors may have contributed to the increased number of deaths in World War II over World War I?**

The Polish refugees flee from the Germans in awful conditions. The refugees had to leave their houses and they could not take much with them; some people had to be separated from their families. All they could do was wait for good news and trudge along with other refugees.
 * Civilian Cost**
 * 1. Under what conditions did the Polish refugees flee from the Germans?**

From the photograph, it is clear that the government did not trust the Japanese Americans. There is a line of Japanese Americans getting ready to board the train and also a line of American soldiers looking at the Japanese. The government set up many soldiers to keep an eye on the Japanese while they were being sent off to internment camps to make sure they did not try to run away. This shows distrust of Japanese Americans from the government.
 * 2. Judging from the photograph, what was the government's attitude toward Japanese Americans?**


 * Date: 5/9/12**
 * The Allied Victory: In Europe**
 * __Guided Reading__**
 * 1. Battle of El Alamein**
 * Battle between General Montgomery and Rommel in an Egyptian village named El Alamein.
 * Started on October 23, 1942 and Rommel's army fell back on November 4th.
 * Pushed back the Germans to the west.


 * 2. Operation Torch**
 * November 8th, an Allied force led by General Eisenhower landed in Morocco and Algeria.
 * Montgomery and Eisenhower's army trapped the Germans in the middle and destroyed Rommel's army and power in North Africa on May 1943.


 * 3. Battle of Stalingrad**
 * Battle between Germany and Russia over the city of Stalingrad from August 23, 1942 to February 2, 1943.
 * The tide of the war changed from the Germans to the Russians thanks to the seasonal change.
 * Germans surrender to the Soviets and Soviets push them westward.


 * 4. Invasion of Italy**
 * July 10, 1943, Allied forces land on Sicily and capture it from German and Italian control.
 * Causes Italy to surrender on September 3rd.


 * 5. Propaganda campaigns on home fronts**
 * Made a crucial contribution to the Allied war support.
 * Encouraged the production of weapons and equipments necessary for the victory of the Allies.
 * Increased nationalism.


 * 6. D-Day Invasion**
 * The invasion of Normandy by Britain, the United States, France, and Canada from June 6, 1944 to August.
 * German army retreat and the Allies free the used-to-be-controlled France.


 * 7. Battle of the Bulge**
 * German attack along the American defenses in the Ardennes.
 * Allies push the Germans back to where they came from.
 * Shows who is winning in the war.

__**How is the same history conveyed so differently in these two videos? Which do you think is more "true": the Hollywood dramatization or the documentary?**__ The perspective and the level of dramatization are different for both videos. For the Hollywood film, it was focused on one scene where the Allied forces were coming into Normandy. However, the documentary showed the less dramatic scenes with armies preparing and marching through the streets of France. After watching the Hollywood film I was shocked by the intensity and the horror of the battles. But after watching the five minutes of the documentary, I was shocked by the clear difference between the two films. It was much calmer and seemed as if the war was actually alright. Maybe they were trying to make it seem less terrifying but I was definitely surprised at the sudden change of mood. I think the Hollywood dramatization was more "true". The battle must have been a fierce one for it was the largest land and sea attack in history. The documentary only showed the less intense parts of the battle, not what really happened at the battle scene. Yes, the documentary had primary sources unlike the Hollywood dramatization however I think the Hollywood version really shows the risk the soldiers took for their countries.

I don't think the Japanese internment was fair for the Japanese living in the States. Yes, it is true that the Japanese did a horrendous action on Pearl Harbor, but that should be blamed only on the Japanese living in Japan. It wasn't like all the Japanese in the States were part of the Japanese navy or army. In the end, no Japanese were found guilty of spying. This is especially unfair for all the Japanese that came to the United States for a better life; all they wanted was a new start and a good life in a grand country. Also, the fact that no German-Americans or German-Canadians were interned is even more stunning. They were the one who started the war and the U.S. did not even budge to move them out. This shows that the United States would only be active in wars when it effects its country.
 * Date: 5/7/12**
 * War on the Home Front**
 * __Opinion Paragraph__**

__**Walt Disney Propaganda**__ I noticed the swastika, the symbol of Nazism, Hitler and his allies, Japan and Italy, the Mein Kampf, and weapons such as shells and torpedoes. I also saw the greeting of Fascists, where they raise one arm straight above.
 * What wartime images do you recognize from your study of the war?**

I think the cartoon emphasized the awfulness of Hitler's rule and Nazism. Disney made the Nazi Land really evil looking and not the place that you would want to work in. The cartoon also showed the Nazi's greed for more weapons and how they forced their workers to work faster and harder. The last message of this cartoon was to feel grateful for being an American citizen, where freedom exists.
 * What are some of the messages of this cartoon?**

I think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war because cartoons are easy to understand and influential to any audience. For me, it was really easy to understand the main message carried in this cartoon: Hitler and the Nazis are bad. Cartoons are effective for propaganda; any audience from young children to the elders can watch and understand. Cartoons like these must have helped the increase in American nationalism.
 * Why do you think companies like Disney and Warner Brothers produced these cartoons during the war?**


 * __Political Cartoon for the Home Front__**

** What is in the cartoon? Explain the symbolism you see. **
I see a lot of boxes and packaging materials. I see Uncle Sam on the top left, which usually means the United States in cartoons. The man worker is holding a bomb, which I think means an attack.

**What is the intended message of the cartoon?**
Honestly, I'm not sure what this cartoon's intended message is. I think is showing how the United States finally entered the war. The box that Uncle Sam has the words "U.S.A. Salvage Program", which means rescuing program. Maybe this cartoon is showing how the United States had a plan to stop the war. Otherwise, I really have no clue what the intended message is.


 * __Life of the Home Front in British Exploration__ **
 * Children at War:**
 * 241,000 children evacuated from London.
 * Over 3,500,000 children, women, and old people were evacuated to 'safe places' to stay away from bombing raids.
 * Biggest movement of children was in September, 1939.


 * Rationing: **
 * Food rationing starts in January 1940
 * Each person could have 8p worth of meat, 3 pints of milk, 8 ounces of sugar, 4 ounces of butter or fat, 4 ounces of bacon, 2 ounces of tea, 1 ounce of cheese, and 1 egg.
 * Families would register with a store and they could gain food from only that particular shop.


 * Women at War: **
 * Women's Voluntary Service (WVS): largest women's wartime service. WVS did many different tasks for the war. (Ex: running canteens, nurseries)
 * Air Raid Wardens: patrolling the streets to check various information during the war. (Ex: reporting bomb damage, checking that people had gas masks)
 * Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS): helped the army by being semi-part of the battles and the war. (Ex: driving trucks, being radar operators)


 * Messages of War: **
 * Used symbols and colorful images to bring attention to the eye
 * Showed immense amount of nationalism
 * Clearly showed the dislike of the opponent such as Hitler

There are two perspectives in this cartoon: the League of Nations and the United States. As you can see, China and Japan are fighting in the background. The League of Nations, which is supposed to stop conflicts like this, are looking at United States for a solution instead of even trying to stop it by themselves. They look desperate as they are all pointing at the battle scene and looking at Sam with panicked eyes. The United States are looking at the League of Nations as if stunned by their actions. From this, I think the League of Nations was scared about the Japanese expansion and desperate for someone to stop it.
 * Date: 5/3/12**
 * Japan Seeks to Build an Empire**
 * __Political Cartoon Descriptions__**
 * Write a short description of the perspectives presented in the political cartoons below. What does each cartoon highlight about how Japanese expansion was viewed? **

Let's keep in mind that this was drawn in a Japanese perspective. The Anglo-Saxon are the people of west, or whites, and they are being carried by the people of their colonies in Asia, such as Vietnam and Cambodia. The faces of the "servants" in the picture look tired and painful while the Anglo-Saxons' faces look comfortable and lazy. They look like they have no worries and I think the Japanese are expanding land to get rid of the western imperialism.

Japan is holding a burning paper in its hand. The Nine Power Treaty was a treaty signed by 9 nations, the United States, Great Britain, Japan, Italy, France, Belgium, Portugal, the Netherlands, and China, to celebrate the full independence, territorial and administrative integrity of China. This was broken by Japan in 1931, when it invaded Manchuria, a property of China. The Kellogg Pact was a multilateral agreement to not use war as a solution to foreign problems. These two are burning in the paper because Japan is going against the contents of those two agreements. Japan believes that the League of Nations is going to disappear, noting that the League of Nations is attached to the bottom of the paper. Whoever drew this image thinks that Japan's expansion would bring an end to many things such as the Nine Power Treaty, the Kellogg Pact, and the League of Nations. [] []

In this image, you see Japan and Australia and New Guinea in the middle. Japan invaded all of the Dutch East Indies and they moved eastwards towards New Guinea, which was part of Australia at the time. Japan shows its determination to take New Guinea and at the same time, Australia is not backing out; it is ready to fight the Japanese for its property. You can see Australia's readiness from its weapons behind the kangaroo. This image also shows that some nations were not afraid of Japan's expansion; they were ready and brave enough to face the new threat.

__**Questions**__

**1) Why did Japan attack the United States of America? Provide evidence from the source below in your answer.**
Japan attacked the United States of America out of anger. The United States did everything that the Japanese did not want. First, the U.S. sided with the Chinese during Japanese invasion of China and they even stopped shipping war materials to Japan. Volunteering U.S. fighter pilots went to China to serve at the war. Secondly, the United States cut off some important exports and trades to Japan. The U.S. embargo on steel and iron exports were cut off to build weapons. Not only that, oil and general trade embargo were against Japan. This must have made Japan angry at United States for first, not supporting them, and second, cutting off materials for their progress.

=

 * 2. Read this [|article] about Pearl Harbor. Briefly summarise the key events of the attack (before, during and after). (User ID is kis, PW is welcome)**=====
 * Before:** The United States had a neutral stance on World War II. However, they did not have a good relationship with Japan as they helped the Chinese resistance and stopped exporting materials to Japan. Japanese diplomats talk about expansion in Asia in Washing D.C. and the Japanese navy get ready for an attack to United States.


 * During:** Japanese navy attack Hawaii with weapons such as dive bombers and torpedo bombers. Even though the United States had radar to detect the attacks, the technicians were unskilled and unable to detect the size. Japanese attacked from above and badly damaged the U.S. ships along with the aircraft. Near the end of the battle, the U.S. airplanes flew up to fight against the Japanese. Both sides gained casualties however the United States suffered more through this event.


 * After:** Hatred toward Japan increased in the United States. The United States join the Allies and declares war on Japan on December 8, 1941. Germany and Italy declare war on the United States.

__**Notes on Podcast**__
 * Date: 5/2/12**
 * 1940, German forces have run over large parts of Europe (Poland, Denmark, Norway, France)
 * Germans would have to go over the channel by air
 * Germans had more aircraft to help them; Britain lacked air force
 * Determination + air crew from other countries showed that Britain was not going to give up that easily
 * Britain uses radar to reflect incoming aircraft to find distance, speed, height
 * Women sent information to pilots
 * Britain was desperate: urgent need for pilots, aircraft
 * August 1940, Germans bombed Berlin
 * Bombed London and other British cities
 * September 7th, attacks start in London
 * Cities bombed, destroyed, and on fire.
 * September 15th, 200 bombers and 800 fighters flew over to Britain
 * German aircraft shut down by British air force
 * German invasion plans were postponed after underestimation of British air force

__**Questions**__ Operation Sea Lion was a plan made by Adolf Hitler to invade Britain.
 * 1) What was Operation Sea Lion?**

The battle did not look good for Britain because the British army has been kicked out of Europe with their weapons left behind.
 * 2) Why did the battle not look good for Britain?**

Britain had a device called radar, which could detect the enemy's airplanes. It could detect their distances, speeds, and heights. Also, Britain had the advantage of being an island with a large channel in between the land and main land of Europe.
 * 3) What advantage did Britain have?**

Germany made the mistake of bombing Berlin, London, and other British cities. Hitler looked down on the British air force and military, and this angered the British civilians.
 * 4) What was Germany's mistake?**

The bombing of London turned the city into a disaster. People got injured and many of them died. Buildings and homes were destroyed and set on fire. However, this bombing gave some time for the British air crew to build more aircraft and to improve tactics.
 * 5) What was the impact of the bombing of London? How did the bombing of London aid Britain's cause?**

The outcome of battle of Britain was significant for the Allies because this proved that through determination, patience, and unity, Hitler could be discouraged. The Allies must have thought Britain would lose with its small air crew but the air force defeated German air force, which was much larger.
 * 6) Why was the outcome of the battle of Britain significant for the Allies?**

__**Paragraph**__ Although very disadvantaged compared to its opponent, Britain managed to hold off the German invasion by uniting as a country with a positive attitude and being organized. In the year of 1940, Adolf Hitler invaded France and his next target was the European island of Britain. First, people of Britain united together to work as one. Winston Churchill, the prime minister of Britain at the time, encouraged his people to never give up and boosted up the morale support in the country. People volunteered to work in different volunteer services such as Local Defence Volunteers or Women’s Voluntary Service. British people did not coward because of Hitler; instead, they held hands and faced him directly. Secondly, the British people were very organized for the war. The Operation room staff of Fighter Command, the council which allows communication between ground and air, kept themselves organized even at chaotic times. They sent the information of the movements of the enemy air force to warn the British air force beforehand. The ground crew was also very organized. Whenever an aircraft landed on the base, they started fixing it and refueling it so that the next flight would be better than the last. Without these organizations within the country, Britain might have faced defeat. The Battle of Britain was definitely a harsh event for the people of Britain but through unification and thorough organizing, they were able to pull through well.

__**Section 1 Assignment #2**__ - Hitler orders for every cargo ship to be diminished ||
 * Date: 4/30/12**
 * **Cause** || **Effect** ||
 * **First blitzkrieg** || Annexation of Poland to Hitler ||
 * **Allies stranded at Dunkirk** || Resistance in France decreases ||
 * **Lead-Lease Act** || - British army becomes stronger

Napoleon's invasion of Russia and Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union were pretty similar. When both Hitler and Napoleon crossed the Russian borders, there was a great number of soldiers and weapons. They were both grand enough to make the opponent retreat for a while. Russians and Soviets used the scorched-earth strategy while running away. During both invasions, the Germans and the French got surprised by the Russians and the Soviets in the heart of the country: Moscow. Germans found themselves counterattacked and Napoleon's army found themselves looking at a destroyed city. Germans and the French both made the dumb decision of retreating during the winter time, resulting into many deaths from starvation and temperature changes. As you can see, Napoleon's invasion and Hitler's invasion of Russia and the Soviet Union were very similar indeed.
 * __Assignment #8__**
 * How were Napoleon's invasion of Russia and Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union similar?**

- Ended the World World I - Blamed Germany for the war
 * Date: 4/28/12**
 * Notes on pg. Ch. 10 & 11**
 * __A. Hitler's foreign policy aims__**
 * The Treaty of Versailles**
 * Took away land, money, materials, and army

- Hitler wanted to have all Germans in one country - Hitler believed that the invasion of countries with many Germans, such as Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland was necessary.
 * The union of all Germans in Germany**

- //Lebenstraum =// living space - Believed that Germany was too small for its population and that there was not enough materials for the country's needs
 * The conquest of //lebenstraum//**
 * Believed that the solution to this problem was taking over rich farmlands/mines of the east, like Russia and Poland

- Only could be done when Germany restored its army

- 1934, Hitler orders Germany's army to expand: - 1935, Hitler announces to the world about his army - Countries panic and create alliances
 * __B. Hitler's rearmament of Germany__**
 * From 100,000 men to 300,000 men
 * Building two pocket battleships and six submarines
 * Creation of an air force with Hermann Goering as the creator
 * Britain, France, and Italy sign an agreement disagreeing to Hitler's news

- No country stood up to stop Germany

- 1936, Hitler orders his army to go into Rhineland - Britain and France had an agreement to fight Germany if the reached Rhineland - Hitler only had 30,000 equipped troops - However, Britain does not help France and France does not do anything to Germany - Germany takes this chance and builds forts ('West Wall')
 * __C. The remilitarisation of the Rhineland, 1936__**
 * The Treaty of Versailles kept the German army from going to the Rhineland

- Both gives strong alliances to Germany
 * __D. Hitler's alliances__**
 * The Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936:** Agreement between Hitler and Benito Mussolini (dictator of Italy) to work together in foreign affairs
 * The Anti-Comintern Pact, 1936:** Agreement between Hitler and Japan

- Hitler sends his best air force unit to fight for General Franco's side (nationalists) during Spain's civil war
 * Help for Franco in the Spanish Civil War, 1936 - 9**
 * Gives Germany an alliance with Spain if Franco wins
 * Gave the air force a chance to try out air bombing method

- //Anschluss// = union - 1938, Hitler feels confident enough to form unions with Austria - Orders the Austrian Nazi Party to make a lot of troubles - Austrian government bans the Nazi Party - Hitler threatens Kurt Schuschnigg, the leader of Austria - Schuschnigg tries to find a solution: - A Nazi becomes the leader of Austria and invites the German army to come in
 * __E. The Anschluss with Austria, 1938__**
 * Holds parades, sets buildings on fire, used bombs
 * Forced Schuschnigg to give all the good jobs to the Nazis
 * Held a plebiscite, a vote, amongst Austrians (Failed due to Hitler's move with his army)
 * When Schuschnigg asks Britain, Italy, and France for help, they refuse

- 1938, Hitler decides to invade Czechoslovakia - Decides to take Sudetenland: - Henlein stirs up trouble in Sudetenland - Hitler tries to move in with his army but Czechs find out and get ready to attack back also with the help of France - Hitler gains chance back with Neville Chamberlain, the prime minister of Britain
 * __F. The take-over of Czechoslovakia, 1938 - 9__**
 * The Sudetenland Crisis, 1938**
 * Richest part of Czechoslovakia (coal/copper mines, power stations, good farming land, Skoda arms work)
 * Great number of Germans living there (more than 3 million)
 * Most Germans part of Sudeten German Party, a Nazi-style party
 * Led by Konrad Henlein, an obedient follower of Hitler
 * Riots and demonstrations
 * Believed Sudetenland belonged to Germany
 * Did not want another war that would involve France and Britain
 * Would do anything to stop a war (appeasement)

- Chamberlain asks Hitler for a meeting in Germany to discuss solutions to the problem - 1938, the last meeting was held in Munich
 * The Munich Conference, 1938**
 * Leaders of France and Italy present
 * Decides Germany can have Sudetenland without the permission of Czechoslovakia
 * Hitler promises to take no more countries

- The German army marches in and takes the western half of Czechoslovakia - Poland and Hungry takes the remaining parts
 * The invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1939**

- Hitler aims for the 'Polish Corridor' (Given to Poland after the Treaty of Versailles) - Britain and France decide to protect Poland - August 1939, Hitler makes an agreement with Russia not to fight each other - September 1st, 1939, German army crosses Polish borders - Britain and France declares war on Germany - Second world war about to begin
 * __G. The Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939__**
 * Thought this would scare Hitler because it would mean three powerful countries, Britain, France, and Russia, would fight him
 * Also agrees to divide Poland between them
 * Called the "Nazi-Soviet Pact"

__**A. Adolf Hitler**__ - Born in 1889 in Braunau, Austria - Wanted to be an art student but ended up with no job or qualifications - Became interested in politics in Vienna: - Leaves Austria in 1913 to not join the army - Ends up in Munich, Germany and joins the German army for WWI - Stays in the army after the war and works as a spy to look after different political parties - Joins the German Workers Party and takes leadership - Believed that Germany needed a strong leader and that the Jews and Communists needed to be gone - 1923, attempt at overthrowing the government but failed - 1929, economic depression in Germany and people listen to Hitler's ideas and agree with him - January 1933, Hitler becomes the Chancellor of Germany
 * Date: 4/25/12**
 * Notes on Chapter 1 & 2**
 * His life up to 1993**
 * Supported nationalist parties
 * Hated socialist parties, foreign races, and Jewish people
 * Wins Iron Cross First Class along with 5 other medals of bravery
 * National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party)
 * Swatstika (the crooked cross) = symbol
 * Storm Troopers = people that used violence on people that disagreed with the party's ideas

- Written mostly in //Mein Kampf,// book written by Hitler in 1924:
 * His ideas**
 * **The Fuehrer principle**: Germany should be ruled by one strong leader (Fuehrer)
 * **//Lebensraum// (living space):** Invasion of other countries for more land (Ex. Poland, Russia)
 * **Race**: Purebreds are the best race & Germans must be kept pure
 * **Anti-semitism:** Jews are Germans' enemies
 * **Communism:** Dangerous, must be banished
 * **The Treaty of Versailles:** The peace treaty in 1919 is unfair and Germany's past lands should be returned. France should be destroyed

- Hitler's speeches gave hope to the Germans that were literally depressed from the economic problems and unemployment - Could hypnotize audiences by the speeches
 * His appeal**

__**B. How Hitler established his dictatorship**__ - Marianus van der Lubbe, a Communist, lit up the Reichstag. - Hitler persuades President Hindenburg to make the __Law for the Protection of the People and State__
 * The election campaign of March 1933**
 * Hitler uses this situation by blaming the Communists for trying to take over the country
 * Banned Communists and Socialists from participating in the election campaign

- Hitler and Nazis win just under half the vote - March 23, 1933: Hitler persuades the new Reichstag to agree to an __Enabling Law__
 * Results of the election**


 * The Enabling Law, March 1933:** permission for Hitler to create laws without asking the Reichstag

- April 7, 1933: Nazi officials are put in to charge of the local governments
 * The take-over of local governments**

- May 2nd, 1933: Hitler closes down trade unions
 * The banning of trade unions**


 * Law against the Formation of New Parties:** Nazi Party = only party in Germany
 * Germany becomes one party state

- Ernst Roehm, leader of the Storm Troopers and the thugs, wants his soldiers join the German army - Hitler disapproves this idea for Roehm would receive too much power - June 30, 1934, Roehm and SA leaders were killed by SS, Hitler's own guards
 * The 'Night of the Long Knives', 1934**

- July 1934, President Hindenburg dies - Hitler takes over, calling himself 'Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor'
 * Hitler becomes Fuehrer, 1934**

- August 2nd, 1934: Officials and the army swore an oath to Hitler.
 * The army's oath of loyalty**

media type="youtube" key="aL_e6TUbVUk" height="315" width="420" It's great that you understand the impact of a Fascist takeover of Korea. 10/10
 * Date: 4/20/12**
 * Oral Quiz #4**

media type="youtube" key="Zm14CJWEHrE" height="315" width="420" You have done a good job organizing the information and expressing yourself. 10/10
 * Date: 4/19/12**
 * Oral Quiz #3**

__**Station 1**__ __**Station 2**__ __Mother Nature Breaks the Record for the Worst Climatological History in the United States__ The deadly drought brings even more problems to the already chaotic Great Depression.
 * Date: 4/17/12**
 * The Great Depression**
 * Cause and Solution Organizer**
 * **Causes of the Depression in the US and the world** || **Attempted solutions** ||
 * * Manufacturing/producing too much
 * Unavailability for workers to purchase all goods
 * Continuous falling of food prices and sales
 * Spread of the American Depression to other nations
 * Raising of tariffs
 * Decrease of trade and increase of unemployment
 * Weak economy/governments in European nations || * Raising tariffs to keep import prices high
 * Britain: new multiparty government
 * France: new government by combining the moderates and the Socialists
 * Sweden, Norway, Denmark: government trying to fix economy by 1) taxing people with jobs, 2) hiring the unemployed
 * U.S.: "New Deal" which created big public work projects ||
 * Newspaper Headlines**
 * //International Herald Tribune//**

Agriculture has been destroyed//,// leaving farmers in their own depression.

People living the drought-affected location are yelling out for help and are being migrated to the non-affected locations.

Dust storms are predicted to circle the Great Plains.

__Unemployment Starts an Unrest in the Society__ Unemployment is high and unemployed workers are absolutely not happy about their situation.
 * //New York Times//**

Demonstrations are being held commonly in Columbus, Kansas.

Unification of unemployed workers are displayed through the creation of unions, such as the U.A.W. (United Automobile Workers of America).

Unemployed workers arguing and creating a scene at the American Legion Employment Bureau in Los Angeles.

__**Video Notes**__ - United States economy dropped after Hervert Hoover becomes the president (predicted the day where poverty is vanished) - Banks closed, million people became jobless, homeless, hopeless, during the Great Depression. - After World War I, era of prosperity: business increased - Investors believed the stock would rise - The price paid for many stocks was not proportional, creating the illusion of increasing stock market - Black Tuesday: Many stocks went unsold - Markets collapsed: investors suicides out of depression - Germany and many other European countries were unable to pay for the American goods after the damage of the World War I. - America found herself unable to sell all the products - Unemployment increased - Banks shut down their doors (1/4 of American banks failed) - People move away to find jobs - 1929~1932, roughly 4 thousand (9:00) - Drought brings dust storms to Texas and Oklahoma (killed agriculture, people die from diet diseases) - Hoover called in businesses, companies and banks to work together to bring back the stable economy again - Funds for projects like Hoover Dam for the unemployed - Charities to feed the hungry people (Did not work out) - People became outraged at Hoover - Bonus March in front of Capitals - Bonus for veterans get vetoed and the veterans get mad and uses weapons. - Franklin Roosevelt comes to power - The New Deal: new reforms by Roosevelt - FDR passed 15 legislation to help out his citizens - FDR gave bank holiday to calm the citizens and to give some rest to the bankers
 * Station 3**
 * 29 Minutes Overview**

- Passed many acts such as: __F.D.I.C.__ - Provided insurances for depositors __Federal Securities Act__ - Helped restore confidence in the market. prevented the manipulation of the market - C.C.C. was formed to put young men to work, built roads, flood __Federal Emergency Relief Administration__ - Provided 500 dollars for ill, poor __P.W.A.__ - Provided funds to the stateto create jobs, and to build __C.W.A.__ - Created 4 million jobs, and schools, and roads __N.I.R.A.__ - Code of fair practices, recommended minimal __A.A.A.__ - Limited crop production - People criticized FDR : government becoming too powerful __Court Reform Bill__ - 6 more justices to the supreme court (Court Packing Bill) Bill failed. __Second New Deal__ - With the help of his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt - Eleanor Roosevelt Went around seeing poverty in the country - She became the kindly symbol of hope - Thousands of people went to her and asked for help __Resettlement Administration__ __W.P.A. (Works PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION)__ - Created more than 8 million jobs for many unskilled workers - Built a lot of new infrastructures __National Youth Administration__ __Wagner Act__

- Charles Coughlin challenges FDR's new deal wanted guaranteed income and nationalization of banks

__Francis Townsend__ - Claimed Roosevelt wasn't doing much for the elderly,

__Huey Long__ - Only criticisms (Share Our Wealth) 1935, at the time of highest popularity, Long was assassinated

- 1920, Agriculture is in bad shape - Good for urban areas with stock markets - Summer of 1929: unemployment rises, automobile sales and other sales dropped, farms failing in record numbers, however Wall Street's optimism continued - Wall Street economy became a "bubble" from the underlying real economy (farming, etc.) - Stock prices dropped - Ten billion dollars gone in thin air - Stunned disbelief from frightened men, start of attempts to back out of the market - Hope when a banker agreed to pump billions of dollars to the market to raise it up - Banks withdrew their funds - October 29, 1929, Black Tuesday: Another wave of economic failure but no one comes to the rescue - People really wants to get out of the market - Desperate broke investors fight each other out of frustration and anger - 14 billion dollars vanish again in to thin air - Life savings, houses, dreams of investors lost - A decade for the United States to recover back to its stability - Depression scarred Americans' hearts and history - Sharp line between parties in 1920's and Great Depression in 1930's.
 * Documentary**

Excellent work. 10/10

media type="youtube" key="byYku_Gm36U" height="315" width="420" Yup, you nailed this one too. 10/10
 * Date: 4/13/12**
 * Oral Quiz #2**

The Treaty of Versailles added on to China's problems because the Treaty did the opposite of what China wanted. China joined the Allies during World War I to win their support and to gain freedom from other influences**.** However, after winning and negotiating the consequences and new regulations, China found themselves not gaining much from the conference. Instead, parts of China were now taken and controlled by Japan. This just added on to China's overloading pile of problems and forced China to look for a solution to gain their territories back; communism.
 * Date: 4/10/12**
 * The Chinese Revolution and Japanese Imperialism**
 * __Station 1__**
 * How did the Treaty of Versailles add to China's problems?**

Japan was not a strong country from the beginning. After reaching its "Golden Age" previously, Japan was separated from the rest of the world with only little interactions with neighboring countries like China and Korea. However, in 1853, when American ships came across Japanese waters, Japan opened its doors again. Trades were made again with strong western powers like the United States. After the overthrow of the shogun, Emperor Mutsuhito rose to power and ruled throughout the Meiji era for 45 years from 1867 to 1912.
 * __Station 2__**
 * Japan's role in Asia**
 * __Opening of Japan's closed doors__**


 * Emperor Mutsuhito:** A picture of the ruler during the Meiji era, either real photo or a portrait of him drawn in that period.

__**Modernizing and Strengthening Japan**__ Emperor Mutsuhito's main goal was to modernize and shape Japan. Officials were sent to the western countries to observe and study the countries. Japan began to use those observations as their model. They imitated the government and the strong army of Germany, navy of Britain, and the education system of the United States. To help the economy, railroads, mines, and factories were built under the control of the Emperor. After following these steps, Japan became as strong as any developed country. Japan's economy has risen and different powers began to give respect and attention to Japan.


 * Japan's Economical Rise:** Chart of Japan's economy from its isolation to after modernization.

__**Expansions**__ After becoming modernized like the western nations, Japan began to look abroad for more power and land. In the years 1894 and 1895, Japan invaded Korea over China and earned Taiwan and other islands. In 1904, Japan defeated Russia over Manchuria, surprising other nations for beating a bigger nation. Japan invaded Manchuria in the year of 1931, which was full of natural resources and raw materials for the Japanese to utilize. Other nations pointed their fingers at Japan for their rapid expansions but Japan moved on, giving the reason that their population was growing and that they needed space for everyone. In 1937, Japan invaded China and French Indo-China. They also attacked United States and United Kingdom bases in 1941. The captured people were treated harshly and they were forced to learn and treat the Japanese language and culture as their own. Approximately 4 million Koreans and Chinese were forced out of their homes and they were sent to work in mines and factories all over Japan's empire.


 * Japan in 1600s-1800s:** Map of Japan before its expansions, when it still had its doors closed.
 * Japan in 1930s-1940s:** Map of Japan after its expansions, which includes Manchuria and Korea.

I think Mao was the worse national leader than Stalin for many reasons. Although Stalin and Mao seemed very similar in their style of ruling and actions, the fact that Mao were able to feel the feelings for death and pain made me think that Mao was worse. Stalin was a psychopath, a person unable to feel any empathy for humanity, and Mao wasn't. His plans such as the "Great Leap Forward" failed miserably, causing 38 million people to die of starvation and labor. Mao's Cultural Revolution stripped all of China's culture and he sold the products made in China to Russia and eastern Europe, not to his starving citizens. Clearly, Mao did not think of his people and he was using his powers for his benefits. He killed many people for unbelievable and selfish reasons.
 * __Station 3__**
 * Was Mao a better or worse national leader than Stalin?**

Well done. 10/10

media type="youtube" key="UCmA1BKvj48" height="315" width="420"
 * Date: 4/10/12**
 * Oral Quiz #1**

Very well organized and articulate. 10/10

__**Revolutions in Russia**__ Russia had a revolution in 1917 because of many reasons. Starting from the year 1881, the Russians had internal conflicts with their czar and they went against the way he ruled the country. Nicholas II and Alexander Kerensky were some examples of the czars that the Russians did not like. Nicholas II, taking the throne from his father Alexander III, managed to increase industry in Russia, however he did not think of the workers. Working conditions and wage were not good, and eventually, the workers got angry and people began to split up into groups based on how they wanted the revolution to happen. The tension increased as Russia lost the war against Japan and the final cut was made when World War 1 showed its effect on Russia. Nicholas II was forced to let go of his throne. Then Alexander Kerensky took over and he did not meet the expectations of his citizens. Because of the unfair rules of the czars, Russia had a revolution.
 * Date: 4/6/12**

__**Podcast**__ media type="file" key="Stalin Bad Guy.m4a" width="300" height="50"


 * __Poster Questions__**

I think this poster is trying to tell the Russians that the czar is not doing his job as a leader and that he is just controlling the workers in a very bad way. He has a whip and workers below him look very tired and worn out, emphasizing the negativity in the poster.
 * 1) What is the message that this poster is trying to get out to the Russian people?**

I find this piece of propaganda to be compelling because you can see the cruelty of the Russian society in this poster. If I was a Russian, I would agree and encourage others to follow the meaning of this propaganda.
 * 2) Do you find this piece of propaganda to be compelling? Why or why not?**

The Treaty of Versailles truly reflected the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War 1. Different countries had their own reason for participating in the Paris Peace Conference. The Allies were debating on how to keep peace and how to stop from creating another war. For example, France wanted to revenge on Germany for the damage it did to France as well as crush Germany's spirits. Many countries decided to limit Germany's military due to the thought of Germany causing a conflict like World War 1 again. Also, President Woodroe Wilson presented his Fourteen Points during the conference. The Fourteen Points was a plan to maintain peace. In one of the statements, President Wilson brought up an idea of a global forum to discuss any problems going on in the world. United States' main purpose of attending the conference was to deliver these points to other big powers. Countries like Japan and Italy did not gain as much land as they wanted to. As you can see, different countries had different reasons for attending the Paris Peace Conference but not all of the reasons were fulfilled to satisfaction.
 * Date: 4/5/12**
 * Evaluating Decisions**
 * How did the Treaty of Versailles reflect the different personalities and agendas of the men in power at the end of World War 1?**


 * Date: 2/16/12**
 * Impact of Nationalism**

- The overthrow of colonial rule - Democratic governments - Competition among countries promoting advances in science and technology || - Minority cultures forced to take in the culture of nation's majority - Ethnic cleansing (getting rid of unwanted groups out of society) - Extreme nationalistic movements - Competition between countries resulting into warfare || I think nationalism has had a more negative impact on the world because minority cultures were eliminated, some ethnic groups were kicked out of society, and there were deadly wars created through nationalism. Nationalism can be defined in different ways; It can be defined as pure patriotism for one's home country or overwhelming amount of pride that makes people reject "foreign" cultures, just like how Nazism was like. Minority cultures were forced to join the culture of the nation's majority for it showed unity as a nation. However, this seems unfair and disrespectful for the minority. Everyone has the right to choose and keep their cultures, and that value is being waved off by the blending of the minority's culture with the nation's majority culture. Not only were cultures being eliminated, ethnic groups were disappearing also. Ethnic groups have cultures that came from many centuries ago, or even from the creation of the country. Nationalism were forcing these groups with the nation's oldest traditions to leave the society through ethnic cleansing. Ethnic groups should be respected for their long existence in the nation but instead, nationalism was doing the complete opposite. Lastly, nationalism caused wars. Wars are obviously not a good thing, looking at the past consequences of wars. However, due to the newly risen amount of nationalism, countries began to battle each other to prove that they are better than others. This was also not good for poor countries because wars would most likely be very costly for them. In conclusion, even though nationalism might have had a good impact on some countries, it did not have such positive impact on the world because cultures and ethnic groups were removed and it caused wars.
 * __Positive and Negative Impacts of Nationalism__**
 * Positive Results || Negative Results ||
 * - Overcoming of differences for the common good
 * Do you think nationalism has had a more positive or negative impact on the world?**

__**Types of Nationalistic Movements**__ Unification movement is the combining of similar lands that has been divided by political issues. Separation movement is when people or groups that have different culture in a country tries to break away from the country. State-building movement is the creation of a new state by groups of different cultures agreeing to accept one culture.
 * 1. Using the table above, explain the characteristics of each type of Nationalistic movement in your own words.**

I think the empires were threatened by the rise of nationalism because these empires included many diverse cultures. Those groups of different cultures might have stood up for their own independence from the empire, leading to the decline of the empire.
 * 2. What do you think would have happened to the empires (e.g. Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire) during the rise of nationalism?**

Nationalism encouraged citizens and leaders to gain territory and expand the boundaries of the countries. This helped build a stable nation with just a right amount of land.
 * __CASE STUDY: Italy__**

Italy is symbolized by the boot. It is being worn by the king of Sardinia, meaning that the conquests made by different leaders are being put together to form one nation of Italy.
 * __Key skill: Analyzing Political Cartoons__**
 * 1. What symbol does the cartoonist use for the soon-to-be nation of Italy?**

Garibaldi is portrayed as the person helping the king wear the boot of "Italy", as he was the one who got the lands but now is giving the control of the lands to the king. He looks like a calm, serious nationalist by looking at his facial features.
 * 2. How is Garibaldi portrayed?**

The title of the cartoon, which is "Right Leg in the Boot at Last", tells me that the author likes the idea of Italian unification. He seems eager to see the unification, as if he had been waiting for this the whole time.
 * 3. What does the title of the cartoon say about the cartoonist’s view of Italian unification?**


 * __CASE STUDY: Germany__**
 * 1) Create a flow chart that shows the key events that led the unification of Germany.**

There is a great amount of space between the eastern and western territory of Prussia. This is unusual because usually countries are kept tight, not separated like this.
 * 2) Looking at the map on page 263, answer the two geography skillbuilder questions.**
 * 1) What was unusual about the territory of Prussia as it existed in 1865?**

In year 1871, there was the biggest expansion of Prussian territory.
 * 2. After 1865, what year saw the biggest expansion of Prussian territory?**


 * 3) Design a national symbol for the newly formed Germany. Include symbols that best represent the spirit or values of the German people at this time. Write a short paragraph explaining your symbol and its significance.**

This national symbol for the newly formed Germany includes an eagle and a map of Germany in the background. The new map of Germany shows the pride for the Germans for their new joined lands and the eagle symbolizes their courage and leadership during the course of invasion. On the bottom, it says Germany in its language and also the map is colored in with the colors of the nation's flag. This shows the risen nationalism in Germany by using their language and the color of their flag. Also, on the left side, it says "EINHEIT", which means unity. Germany was a result of lands unifying in the end and therefore unity is an important word for Germany.

Eagle: http://jetsrant.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Wiki.png Banner: http://www.wpclipart.com/blanks/shapes/yellow_scroll_banner.png Map: http://youngandthrifty.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/german-flag-map2.png
 * CITATIONS:**


 * NOTE TO MS.BOYLE: I got the pictures on the wiki! Yay! :)**
 * Excellent! Cartoon is exceptionally well analyzed. For the last task, would you, designing a new symbol of German nationalism, be able to use the modern German flag as part of you symbol? Otherwise, it's great!**


 * 19.5/10**

Date: 2/14/12 Case Study Assessments

__Terms & Names__ 1) sepoys
 * Sepoys were Indian soldiers, either Hindu or Muslim, that were angry at the British for disrespecting their culture of not consuming any meat and that resulted in to them rising up to rebel against the British that would later change the future of India.**

2) Sepoy Mutiny
 * The end of this mutiny sparked the start of the years of the Raj, the British rule, where the British would use India's resources, lands, and people to increase their economy. It also led to many internal conflicts and tension between India and the mother country.**

3) Congress Party
 * A party formed during the first meeting of the Indian National Congress that consisted of Indians filled with Western ideas and support for Hinduism that would later participate in many internal conflicts such as the partition and independence in India.**

4) Mohandas K. Gandhi
 * Gandhi was an Indian nationalist that came with the idea of non-violent non cooperation that converted many Indians to the nationalist cause and he helped build the motivation for independence from British rule.**

5) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 * Jinnah was also an Indian nationalist that wanted the unification of the Hindus and the Muslims but he failed to do so. He eventually supported the Muslim League and slowed down the progress of gaining of independence.**

__Main Ideas__ 1) What were four factors that contributed to Britain's conquest of India?
 * The four factors that contributed to Britain's conquest of India were more technologically developed military forces, struggle between the Indian kingdoms, organization and unity, and political stability. Britain had things that India did not have.**

2) What was the cause of the Sepoy Mutiny and what was its main result?
 * The anger of the sepoys for the disrespect of their religious beliefs from the British caused the Sepoy Mutiny and the main result was that Britain government took over the control of India from the East India Company.**

3) Which groups and ideas promoted the Indian independence?
 * The Congress Party and the Muslim League were the groups that promoted Indian independence and it was the idea of nationalism that encouraged Indian independence. However, Ghandi's idea of non-violent non cooperation, which meant simply disobeying the rules, helped promote Indian independence.**

4) What were the four general principles of Gandhi's philosophy?
 * The four general principles of Gandhi's philosophy were to live as simply as possible, to be understanding of the religious beliefs of others, to sacrifice for others, and to battle injustices without violence.**

5) What role did Jinnah play in the partition of India?
 * Jinnah supported the Muslim League and he created a separate nation named Pakistan. He became the first leader of the new nation.**

__Documents__ 6) Which of the documents are pro-British in nature? Which ones are pro-Indian?
 * Documents B,C, and E are pro-British in nature and documents A,D,F,G,H,I,J,K,L are pro-Indian.**

7) How would Indians in the lowest levels of their society benefit from India's Constitution as stated in Document H?
 * Indians in the lowest levels of their society would definitely benefit from India's Constitution because it contains many laws about equality and freedom in all citizens. For example, "untouchability" is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. Discrimination is also abolished thanks to this fair set of laws. Now, Indians in the lowest levels would not get looked down upon by the people in the higher levels of the society because the laws prevent them from doing so.**

8) Using only the information contained in the documents, answer the following question: How would British colonization have a lasting impact on the people of India? Use examples from the documents to support your answer.
 * British colonization had many lasting impact on the people of India. British colonization made the modernization in India possible while keeping the traditions at the same time, like document J shows. This enabled the Indians to progress forward and not lag behind. Also, the colonization created a stable Constitution of India, shown on document H, where it showed the Indians' desire for democracy. The new Constitution gave equality to all men in India, even for the "untouchables. However, British colonization also increased the tension between neighboring countries such as Pakistan and Bangladesh. You can see that there is still agitation by looking at document K. People are getting checked to see if they are holding any harmful weapons of any kind to prevent dangerous situations such as war.**

__Critical Thinking__ 9) What were the causes of the cultural conflict between the British and the Indians?
 * One of the causes of the cultural conflict between the British and the Indians was the cultural difference between them. Europeans were exposed to Western education and ideas while Indians were exposed to their own culture and ideas. Due to the many experiences of imperialism for Britain, they were used to looking down at the people they took control of. They thought of Indians as the "inferior race". British automatically set their distance and difference in ranks between them and the Indians. This setting of distance caused the cultural conflict between the British and the Indians.**

10) Identify both positive and negative effects of British Rule in India.
 * British rule had both positive and negative effects in India. One of the positive effects were modernization in India. Thanks to the British rule, India gained new technology such as transportation and infrastructures to make production faster. Also, British rule stabilized the chaotic Indian government. This was important since the government in India was very weak and unstable. However, there were negative effects too. British rule caused many internal conflicts, especially those between the Hindus and the Muslims. British rule was unfair; the British people made themselves higher than any Indians in the country. This caused citizens to revolt for equality.**

11) How were Gandhi's four general principles effective in dealing with a much more powerful Great Britain?
 * Gandhi's four general principles were effective in dealing with a much more powerful Great Britain because by living simply Indians came to dislike the British, by being unbiased of religious beliefs, the Hindus and the Muslims fought off the priests trying to convert their religions, by sacrificing one's life for the service of others, people started fighting for their home country, and by fighting injustice, Indians fought the British rule using non-violent non cooperation.**

12) For what reasons did Muslims demand a separate nation?
 * Many Muslims demanded a separate nation because they feared that the Congress Party, which was filled with Hindus, would dominate the political world and that they would not get much say in anything. So, in order to create an equal nation, they demanded for a separate nation where Muslims would be the majority.**

13) Why did the colony of India break up into four separate nations?
 * The colony of India broke up into four separate nations because of different religious beliefs. First India broke up into two parts: India and Pakistan, due to conflicts between the Hindus and the Muslims. Then, in Pakistan, East Pakistan called themselves a new nation of Bangladesh due to military coups. Ceylon changed its name to Sri Lanka because of the tension between different religious groups such as Buddhists and Hindus.**

20/20

Sepoy Mutiny: Date: 2/12/12 Global Impact of Imperialism

__Reaction to Imperialism**__ - Starts importing opium from Britain - Later tries to stop the trade but instead starts a war named the Opium War. - Forced to open trade due to loss of the war - Taipin Rebellion led by Hon Xiuquan (to make utopia) - Attempt at modernizing China by Dowager Empress Cixi (failed due to too much existing traditional values) - Sphere of influence due to the failure of Empress Cixi (other countries taking over China) - United States creates open door policy (open trade to all merchants) - Loses power - Attempt at change but failure - Causes rebellion called Boxer rebellion (Asks for extraterritorial rights) || - United States ask for open trade in Japan (eventually agrees to open trade) - Citizens get made about open trade - Emperor Mutsuhito takes control of the government (Meiji era: Enlightened rule) - Tries to modernize Japan (Successful, resulting into gaining power and winning many wars) || - Jingoism opposes isolationism - "Yellow journalists" and the press persuades President William McKinley for a war - Some people sees the truth behind their actions (for more money) - The Spanish-American War Treaty (1898) ends the war. - Cuba is free - Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines is America's - Indemnity of $20 million to Spain - Right to build naval bases on Cuba - Wanted access to worldwide market - Strongest nations will survive (similar to Darwin's theory of evolution), competition is necessary - Sharing of Christian ideas ||
 * **China** || **Japan** || **United States of America** ||
 * - Self-sufficient country, which made people want to open the trade in China.

__**Political Cartoons**__ https://thebrightestman.wikispaces.com/file/view/China_imperialism_cartoon.jpg/52470429/China_imperialism_cartoon.jpg
 * China**

This image is anti-imperialism because different countries are cutting out slices of China even though China is enraged by their actions.
 * 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?**

The Chinese are angry about the other countries' actions however they cannot do anything about it since they had lost the Opium War.
 * 2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations?**

The Europeans/Japanese are busy distributing lands among themselves. It was the imperialist countries' jobs to lead the undeveloped countries.
 * 3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists?**

The message being conveyed is that the imperialists now got a chance to get more land through Britain's success. Therefore, it shows the benefits of imperialism for the developed countries
 * 4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//OR//__ costs of imperialism?**

http://www.cityofart.net/bship/korea_cartoon.gif
 * Korea**

This image is anti-imperialism because different countries are "fishing" for Korea.
 * 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?**

Korea is viewed as a "fish" that the different countries are trying to catch. Korea is another country that developed countries are trying to gain control of.
 * 2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations?**

The Europeans/Japanese are shown as imperialists that are aiming to get as much territory as they can. In this picture, Russia, Japan, and China are competing for the control over Korea.
 * 3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists?**

The author is telling us that developed countries were competing for undeveloped countries and that the competition between developed countries for land was high.
 * 4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//OR//__ costs of imperialism?**

http://home.comcast.net/~whslibrary/austin/10kMiles.jpg
 * United States**

This image is pro-imperialism because there's a proud eagle with a nationalistic background. The image includes the islands that the United States annexed with the mother country, showing United States' new empire.
 * 1) Is this image pro or anti imperialism? How do you know?**

There is no particular views of the natives being communicated in this illustration. However the picture is making it seem as if the natives are happy to be a part of United States.
 * 2) What views of the native peoples are being communicated in each of the illustrations?**

The Americans are shown as proud imperialists that help undeveloped countries to become developed.The eagles' wings seem like they are protecting the lands it owns.
 * 3) What views are being communicated about the Europeans/Japanese in their role as imperialists?**

The message being conveyed in this illustration is that through imperialism, a country can gain more territory. This demonstrates one of the biggest benefits of imperialism.
 * 4) What is message is being conveyed by the author about the benefits __//OR//__ costs of imperialism?**

Feudalism generated wealth by upper classes distributing land to the classes below them. This system created a clear social class; king on top, dukes, many counts, and a lot of farmers at the bottom. Mercantilism was a system where a country would sell more than buying. The ultimate goal of mercantilism was to become self-sufficient and to increase the nation's wealth. Capitalism differed from these two systems because it was a system based on private ownership. It is a free market and there is plenty of competitions around. However, it creates most wealth and equality.
 * __Economic Imperialism__**
 * 1) Feudalism and mercantilism were two economic systems that preceded capitalism. Review and summarize (in your own words) how they generated wealth. How does capitalism DIFFER from these two systems?**

According to the lecturer, capitalism is driven by three things: free market, imperialism, and energy called fossil fuel. The speaker states that wildly productive system of market drives capitalism by providing incredible economic growth. He also mentions that imperialism has gone forward along with the system of capitalism. Through imperialism you gain many resources and lands and this helped strength and even further increase economy in developed countries. Lastly, the speaker points out the hidden importance of fossil fuel. Without it, there would have been no transportation to other nations and no general energy that is needed for various types of work.
 * 2) According to this lecturer, what forces drive capitalism?**

Very well done, Lizzie! Keep up this caliber of work. 20/20


 * Date: 2/8/12**
 * The Scramble for Africa**

__**Task 1:**__
 * Discuss table from the Reading on Imperialism with a partner.**

__**Task 2:**__ France and Britain controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914.
 * 1) Which countries controlled the largest sections of Africa in 1914?**

I think these countries had the largest area of Africa because they were far ahead with industrialization compared to the other countries. In order to get more resources for manufacturing, it makes sense that they would look for more land in countries less "developed" than them.
 * 2) Why do you think these countries had the largest area of Africa?**

__**Task 3:**__ The Berlin Conference was a meeting between European countries with the great powers to discuss the division of Africa into colonies. This was the first time that countries got together to plan out who was going to take which part of the continent. However, interestingly, no Africans attended this meeting.
 * __Task 4:__**
 * 1) What was the Berlin Conference?**

The three outcomes of the conference were division of the continent Africa by the greatest European powers, rebellions from the African countries to escape the power of Europeans, and new resources available to the countries that were taking the land.
 * 2) What were the three outcomes of the conference?**

1) This image is pro-imperialism because a rich-looking man is putting his hands over a map of Africa with labels that says "Gold Fields". 2) Africans are shown as people with plenty of resources and people that are easy to take over. 3) British/Americans are being shown as greedy, competitive people. 4) The author is sending a message that the British and Americans took the benefit of expanding their territories far out in Africa.
 * __Task 5:__**
 * Image 1:**

1) This image is pro-imperialism because the image shows thin African children behind a non-harmful looking white man. 2) The Africans are viewed as vulnerable, weak people that needs severe help. 3) The British/Americans are viewed as a protector and a leader of the colonized people. 4) The message conveyed in this picture is that an imperialist protects and guides the Africans to the right way, or to the light.
 * Image 2:**

1) This image is anti-imperialism because a snake with a head of a white man is trying to strangle an African. 2) Africans are tangled by the rules of the imperialists and they do not have the choice to do what they want to do. 3) The British/Americans are shown as people who use their power over the Africans in a bad way and people that take freedom away from the Africans. 4) This picture shows how one of the costs of imperialism was the loss of rights for the Africans.
 * Image 3:**

1) This image is pro-imperialism because it shows a great amount of nationalism. The illustration explains the white man's strength, lack of fear, and honesty. 2) Africans are looked down upon by the white men. The writer really shows his pride for his nation and it shows on lines such as "It's a sight that makes foreigners/Wish they were dead" and "Our land in the East/Where everybody goes/To shoot tigers and feast". 3) The British/Americans think that they top everyone else because they are ahead in business and in economics. 4) The message is that British and the other white men are the ones with top power.
 * Image 4:**

1) This image is anti-imperialism because its shows white man scolding a group of Africans while the white kids are studying in the back. This shows the attitude difference based on the race of the person. 2) The Africans are viewed as helpless, scared children that fears the whipping of the white men. 3) The British/Americans are viewed as harsh directors that only criticized and used Africans for their own benefits. They knew nothing of the pain of the Africans. 4) The message conveyed in this picture is that there were definitely a difference in the attitude toward the same kind of people and those that are different. It conveys the seriousness of racism. Also, the picture also tells us that even though the Africans get some teaching, they end up working for someone, like the man cleaning the window on the left.
 * Image 5:**

1) This image is anti-imperialism because the picture shows Africans making an eagle that depicts Britain, to go away. 2) The Africans are rebelling against the way of British rules for them and for their freedom. 3) The British/Americans are viewed as a bother to the Africans that keep coming near to attack once again. 4) The message shown in this picture is that the Africans did not want British people to come to their land to take control over them. However, the British and the Americans kept attacking them, just like a eagle on a swoop.
 * Image 6:**

1) This image is anti-imperialism because it shows how white people wanted more land and resources but they did not care about the trouble happening in the actual nations they were supposed to take care of. 2) The Africans are viewed as victims of the work of the British and other European nations. They are dying and suffering. 3) The British/Americans are viewed as people who only care about the progress of their mother nation and not the nations that they promised they would take care of. 4) The message conveyed in this image is that the white men ignored the suffering happening in the lands they owned and went on planning on which countries to take next time.
 * Image 7:**

Good effort. 30/30


 * Date: 2/7/12**
 * Age of Imperialism Table**


 * Date: 2/7/12**
 * Darwin's Excerpts Questions**

Yes, Darwin's theories do apply to culture and society for us humans because we have seen examples of those theories being applied throughout history. Charles Darwin was a naturalist and the author of //On the Origin of Species// that came up with theories involving evolution. The theories that were shown on the excerpts included struggle for life and natural selection. Imperialism is an example of struggle for life for us humans. Darwin stated that "the struggle will generally be more severe between species of the same genus" and that it would be something very similar to a competition for survival. The "western" countries came into a severe competition for land and resources in the "undeveloped" countries. Imperialism was a way of survival for the developed countries since taking control of "undeveloped" countries raised their economic statuses and gave them advantages such as cheap labor and new resources. Switching theories, Karl Marx is an example of natural selection. Natural selection gave divergence of character, which was definitely shown on Karl Marx. He created the idea of communism, a theory about human economic development with ideas including equality and no classes. Marx boldly stated that communism would be the last stage of human economic development which was a new, interesting idea to people, especially for the proletariat class. Natural selection made it possible for such theories to be stated about in human history. Differences in personal beliefs are also effected by natural selection. The natural selection gave different characteristics to every people, which also meant that their choice of believing something would be different also. You can see an example of this with religion; some people believe in Christianity, some people believe in Buddhism. Religion is an important part of our culture and thanks to natural selection, there was a diversity in which religion you believed in. As you can see, Darwin's theories really do apply to our culture and society and you can see that there are examples that prove so. Isn't it amazing how we can connect scientific ideas of evolution of animals on us?
 * Do Darwin’s theories apply to culture and society? Why or why not? Use the excerpts above and strong examples to support your points.**

Great response to the Darwin reading! For your imperialism chart, which were reasons, and which were justifications? 9.8/10


 * Date: 2/5/12**
 * The White Man's Burden Questions**

The white man's burden, according to Kipling, is that they have the responsibility and right to control undeveloped, weak countries. Looking at the lines and the tone of the poem, Kipling seems to have a mind set where the white men and people from developed countries have more power than those from undeveloped countries and other races.
 * 1) What is “The White Man’s Burden” based on Rudyard Kipling’s description in this poem?**

I disagree with Kipling's characterization because he is being very disrespectful of other existing races and countries that haven't progressed as much as their home countries. He thinks that they will never catch up to them if they don't get help from developed countries.
 * 2) Do you agree or disagree with Kipling’s characterization? Why or why not?**

The attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800 to early 1900's seem very arrogant. They reminded me of China at their Golden Age, where they looked down upon the rest of the world because they were so far ahead in technology and economics. Just because Europeans and Americans were now ahead of the rest of the world, they now had this overwhelming amount of self-confidence and thoughts that involved expanding their territories. In the first stanza, Kipling wrote several lines about how white men should send military services to help undeveloped nations. He also describes the captives as "new-caught, sullen peoples, half devil and half child", which shows his opinion about the captives. In the second stanza, the last two lines, "To seek another's profit, And work another's gain" describes how the system of helping undeveloped countries has turned into a competition between developed countries.
 * 3) What does this say about the attitude of Europeans and Americans toward the rest of the world during the mid 1800 - early 1900’s? Use specific examples from the poem.**

I guess KIS could be an example of "The White Man's Burden" in modern society because we get better education than normal public Korean schools. However we definitely do not look down upon them just because of the different quality of education. We just realize that we get to have better system of schooling and that we should be thankful for it.
 * 4) Is KIS an example of “The White Man’s Burden” in modern Korean society? Why or why not?**

10/10


 * Date: 2/1/12**
 * Document-Based Questions**

Andrew Camegie and Friedrich Engels would disagree about the effects of industrialization because their perspective of industrialization were different. Andrew Camegie described industrialization as a positive, very effective step for America, which would only be counted true for the rich class at that time. However, Friedrich Engels saw industrialization in the poor people's views and how it is making their lives more miserable. They have totally opposite views of the same topic.
 * 1) Why would Andrew Camegie and Friedrich Engels disagree about the effects of industrialization?**

I think Mary Paul is satisfied with her job and life in Lowell because she knows that she is not one of those workers that is struggling to get a job. She has a decent home with something to fill her stomach every night which was all a worker could ask for but could not get at the time. Working with textile must be comfortable for her since she is a girl, making her every day job even more doable.
 * 2) What might be reasons for 16-year-old Mary Paul's satisfaction with her job and life in Lowell?**

This political cartoon explains the workers' feelings towards capitalism. The capitalism is shown as a blood sucking bat, symbolizing the awfulness of capitalism for the workers. Socialism, the angel, comes to help the bitten worker. This shows how the workers think that socialism is the answer to capitalism. This cartoon can be agreed with majority of the workers back then.
 * 3) Why might the political cartoon by Walter Crane be useful in getting workers to rally to the cause of socialism?**

Good, thoughtful answers. 10/10


 * Date: 1/30/12**
 * 4 Questions**

Marx would not have agreed that these countries were "communist" because they go against some characteristics of communism described by Marx. Karl Marx stated that the workers would have the authority to control the government and that the state or government would vanish as a classless society emerged. This did not happen for the communist states. Instead, they created one national legislative body that gave more power than the past system of government. This also meant that another statement told by Marx, that a classless society would develop, would fail to achieve. If there's a big chunk of government and a chunk of people not in the government, you are looking at two different classes right there. Marx would most definitely disagree with these countries being "communist".
 * 1) Would Marx have agree that these countries were "communist"?**

The "communist" world had fallen behind the "First World". Some people say that the "Second World" had failed.
 * 2) What has happened to the "communist" world (once called the "Second World", to distinguish it from the "First World" -- wealthy capitalist countries, and the "Third World" -- poor countries)?**

I think the "communist" world had failed because of the idea of "communism" was a theory in the first place. When the countries tried to try out this theory, they thought it would work naturally as Marx stated. However, it ended up creating more problems for that country. The main goal of "communism", which was equality, did not happen at all; the people were required to follow the communist party's orders. Because the communist party had the power to instruct the people what to do with their property and everything, the citizens lost motivation to do their work. They knew their earnings would go to the government and they would have no power over it. Everything depended on the communist party's decisions.
 * 3) Why do you think this has happened?**

I think that the growing gap did happen but slowed and eventually stopped due to the Union movement and the reform laws. The main reason for the growing gap was due to the harsh conditions the workers were put under in by the rich owners. With the Union movement and the reform laws, the workers were put in to better conditions and they were able to gain higher wages that appeared satisfying to them. Although the gap didn't disappear completely, the new regulations and movements made it possible to shrink down the gap.
 * 4) What do you think of the idea that the growing gap between the rich and poor in the industrialized world never materialized (see p. 270) because of the Union movement (the formation of trades unions who unite to demand better working conditions for workers) and reform laws (to improve conditions for workers, eg. safety requirements, limits on the length of the working day, minimum wages)?**


 * Date: 1/20/12**
 * Comments about the photo gallery**

After reading and seeing the seriousness of child labor through this document, I'm amazed by people's silence about this issue during the time. Why would parents allow their kids to work in such harsh conditions even if they are desperate for money? By that time the fact that childhood is meant for growth and learning must have spread. In the photos, all the kids looked depressed and tired, unlike the elementary kids I see at my school. Even the government did not take a stand to stop this. It took them so many years to finally stop child labor and I can't imagine the harshness those children went through. I hope unfair things like this in the world to fade out soon.


 * Date: 1/19/12**
 * The Industrial Revolution Question**

I agree with this statement partially because the Industrial Revolution enabled rapid production with machines and it boosted up the economy of countries. However, other than that, I disagree with the Industrial Revolution being described as a mixed blessing because it caused great gaps and tension between classes**,** growth of cities without planning, and pollution. The Industrial Revolution was a time where goods were beginning to be made with machines rather than with hands. It first started in England during the 18th century. First of all, this important revolution formed large gaps between the classes. During the Industrial Revolution, the wealthy had the benefit of gaining all the profits and using the lower class as laborers. While the working class labored under the harsh conditions, the wealthy watched them and gained the money equivalent of their hard work. This caused series of revolts from the working class. Not only that, landowners and aristocrats that dominated the top of the British society, felt tension toward the now rapidly growing and wealthy middle class. The middle class was getting richer than the landowners and the aristocrats. This caused tension between all existing classes. Secondly, the revolution involved cities growing without control or plan. This was the reason for the short average life span of people living in the cities. The unplanned cities had no sanitary codes or building codes. The workers lived in bad conditions such as unsanitary shelters with one family crowded in one room. Because of this, sickness spread all over the city. The cities were a complete disaster and provided little help to all citizens. Lastly, the start of the Industrial Revolution also marked the beginning of the pollution. Pollution has become a very big problem in the society today and even though people try their hardest to stop it, it is obvious that nothing can stop pollution now. If it weren't for the sudden growth of factories in cities and competition between companies, pollution might have been less today. The Industrial Revolution started something that would affect the world forever in a harmful way. The greed of humans led us to make our own weapons that could kill us all. Although the Industrial Revolution was an important event that marked a turning point in history, it is crucial to see the negative side of the event. The great gaps and tension between the classes, unplanned cities, and the start of pollution are some of the bad effects of the revolution and we must understand that revolution can be both good and bad.
 * The Industrial Revolution, and the urbanization that accompanied it, have been described as a mixed blessing. To what extent to you agree with this statement?**

[]
 * Date: 1/17/12**
 * Impact of Computer**


 * Date: 12/11/11**
 * The Congress of Vienna Questions**

Napoleon's empire collapsed because Napoleon made many terrible mistakes that worsened France's conditions back then. Napoleon wanted to expand his empire larger and underestimated the power of other European nations. First, he tried to destroy Britain. In order to do so, he established a blockade called the Continental System which closed all ways of communication and trade between Great Britain and other European nations. However, his plan failed when smugglers brought in British goods into Europe and Britain created its own blockade around Europe**.** With Britain's strong navy, they were able to make a more stable and tight blockade and this damaged France's economy. The Continental System backfired and injured France more than its enemies. Secondly, Napoleon made his brother Joseph the king of Spain. This occurred after Spanish towns protested against Napoleon's army going through Spain to invade Portugal. Spanish people were angry at Napoleon for this action because they were loyal to their former king and they were also afraid of the weakening of the Catholic Church in Spain after hearing that the French Revolution had reduced the power of the Church in France. As a result, Spain and France got into a war called the Peninsula War which lasted for 5 years. Through this war, Napoleon lost about 300,000 troops and the French Empire weakened once again. Lastly, Napoleon's major mistake was his attempt at invading Russia. France and Russia were not getting along very well; Russia kept on selling grain to Britain and they distrusted each other for designs on Poland. This destroyed their alliance and in the year 1812, Napoleon and his Grand Army entered Russia. However, winter came and as Napoleon and his troops were heading back to France, Russian raiders attacked the remaining soldiers, marking the clear loss of France. As you can see, Napoleon made mistakes that brought down France immensely, such as attempt at crushing Britain, invading Russia, and putting his brother on the Spanish throne. These actions confirmed the people of France that Napoleon was not doing a good job as the leader.
 * Why did Napoleon's empire collapse?**

The goals of the Congress of Vienna were finding ways to prevent France's attack on any other countries, to have a balance of power between countries, and to return power to the former kings. The Congress of Vienna, established in 1814, was a meeting of leaders of many nations which lasted for months. The person that came up with the goals for the Congress was the foreign minister of Austria named Klemens von Metternich. The first goal was to keep France from striking other countries. To do this, the Congress of Vienna made the weaker countries stronger so that France would no longer overpower weaker countries. For example, the Austrian Netherlands and Dutch Republic joined to form the Kingdom of Netherlands, 39 German states bonded to form the German Confederation, and Switzerland was now an independent country. These new rules assured the nations that France would not attack them. The second goal was to have a balance of power. Leaders of Europe were in unison when it came to the weakening of France's power. However, the side effects of that action would be too great and it would effect all nations. So, the congress decided to take away some of France's lands to make France a major yet reduced European power and now, no country in Europe could easily gain control over another. The third goal was to put kings and queens that were thrown off by Napoleon back on their thrones. The members of the congress agreed with this idea because they believed that by doing so, it would stabilize political relations among the nations. Many monarchs took their throne such as the brother of Louis XVI who led the country as King Louis XVII. The Congress of Vienna created a time of peace in Europe after a long period of chaos, especially in France. They managed to achieve their goals, which were keeping France from going to war, having a balance of power, and putting former monarchs back on to their thrones. Without the Congress of Vienna, Europe might have faced long period of serious panic.
 * What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna?**

I chose a joker's hat for the quote, "Revolution is the festival of the oppressed," by Germaine Greer because jokers or clowns are usually mistreated by the power above them but they are an important part in festivals.
 * Date: 11/26/11**
 * Explanation of Quote Picture**


 * Date: 11/15/11**
 * Catherine the Great Glogster**

[]


 * Date: 11/14/11**
 * Absolutism**

Absolutism is the idea in Europe that stated that one person ruled with absolute power. In another words, absolutism is dictatorship.
 * 1) What is absolutism?**

Absolutism was referred to as the “divine right of kings” because since the monarchs were believed to be the God’s representative on Earth, their choices became law without second thoughts and the monarchs believed that this was a right for them.
 * 2) Explain the justification for absolutism referred to as the 'divine right of kings'.**

There were several causes for the rise of Absolutism in Europe. Absolutism was used from the 15th century to the 18th century. Citizens wished for a successful monarch. People believed that the monarch would restore orders and guide the state into the right path again. The Protestant Reformation caused a need for Absolutism also. The impact of the papal influence was big and many states were in need of a powerful ruler that will clean up the mess. The mercantile policies helped the rise of Absolutism. The monarchs were expected to maintain the stable economy as production increased. The three factors were the fuel for the boost of Absolutism in Europe.
 * 3) List the causes of the rise of Absolutism in Europe.**


 * 4) Explain briefly how absolutism developed in:**
 * Spain**: Dynastic marriages that gave power to the royal family started the Absolutism in Spain. Phillip II used the divine right of kings’ theory to do whatever he wanted such as conquering lands.


 * France**: Absolutism rose in France when an aristocracy rebelled against the country and King Louis XIV took control in 1661 to regain peace.


 * England**: James I declared his divine right to rule but that led to the hatred of the people in England.


 * Russia**: The reign of Ivan III in the 15th century started absolutism in Russia. He greatly expanded Russia and challenged the church.

media type="youtube" key="hUNuOqzv5v0" height="315" width="560"
 * Date: 11/8/11**
 * Speed Dating**

"Bald Rat", Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was the peasant soldier that managed to take control of Japan.
 * Date: 10/26/11**
 * Port 4**
 * Four Questions on Japan**
 * 1) Who was "the Bald Rat"?**

Japan hoped to build its empire in Korea.
 * 2) Where did Japan hope to build its empire?**

The Korean navy created a secret weapon called the "turtle boat" that scattered the Japanese away.
 * 3) What stopped it from building its empire as planned?**

The Japanese did not try again because Hideyoshi died on the year 1598, when the Japanese failed to conquer Korea.
 * 4) Why didn't they try again?**


 * APPARTS: Edicts of Tokugawa**


 * APPARTS: Qianlong's Letter**

On Jasmine's page
 * Date: 10/25/11**
 * Explorer's Journal**


 * Date: 9/23/11**
 * Class 16 Homework**

This picture shows how large the Islam religion is. It demonstrates how Islam has spread through nearly most of Africa and Asia. You can see that Muslims existed also in China, which surprised me because I thought all of China's population believed in Buddhism. This figure shows the power of Islam in Africa and Asia.
 * Picture with the countries that has a Muslim population over 1 million:**

This figure shows how Zheng He was trying to find every piece of land he could see, just by looking at how he stopped frequently. It also shows that he traveled quite far and covered all the Islamic countries. This picture also shows how much Zhu Di wanted to find his cousin and how much he trusted Zheng He as his Grand Eunuch. Also, this map shows that it took Zheng He about 14 years to complete his trip.
 * Picture of Zheng He's voyages:**

I see two men reaching for each other. I think this is a religious painting**.** I wonder why they are in that position.
 * Date: 9/20/11**
 * Class 15 Homework**
 * First Picture**

I see two pointed hands. I think this is part of the first picture. I wonder why there are cracks.
 * Second Picture**


 * Date: 9/7/11**
 * Class 11 Classwork**

I can see that Chinese fleets were a lot bigger than Columbus' ship. This image tells me that the Chinese had better knowledge and strategy about shipbuilding**.** I can tell that while Columbus' main goal with his ship was to explore, the Chinese's goals were to trade and explore all over the world. The Chinese put a lot more thinking into the purpose of their fleets.
 * With the reference to the image that is comparing Columbus' ship and a Chinese ship**:

Chinese fleets were much larger than Santa Maria. As you can see, the measurements differ noticeably, and the Chinese fleets were about five times larger than the Santa Maria. This shows how Chinese were better educated and interested in learning compared to the Europeans back at that time.
 * 1) In 1421, China launched a fleet of over 800 ships of various sizes and carried more than 30,000 men. The fleet included over 300 leviathan "treasure ships," which were 480 ft long and 180 ft wide. Compare with the Santa Maria (Columbus' vessel), which was 150 ft long and** **a mere 20 ft wide.**

This map shows me how the countries were divided up at that time. Some names of some countries are different than the present names, for example, Spain, which is supposed to the chunk of land just south of Kingdom of France. This map shows the different countries before they were claimed by other countries. It also shows which countries had more power by looking at the size of the countries.
 * With the reference to the map of Europe during 1400:**

The Holy Roman Emperor would have came from the German Kingdom, which is located east of France. The Emperor of Byzantium would have came from the center of the Roman Empire, which is located in the between the Ottoman Empire. The Doge of Venice would have came from the Kingdom of Naples, located just south of the Holy Roman Empire. The kings of England, France, Castille and Portugal would have came from Kingdoms of England, France, Castille, and Portugal, which are all located far west from other countries in Europe.
 * 2) Read the first paragraph of p. 45 Use this map, and the one in MWH p35, to identify where "the Holy Roman Emperor, the Emperor of Byzantium (also called Constantinople), the Doge (ruler) of Venice, and the kings of England, France, Castille and Portugal" would have come from had they been invited to Beijing on 2 February 1421.**

This image shows the development of small China to the modern grand China. The development shows how the country grew as they made trading connections and power from new inventions and goods. This truly demonstrates the growth of China and the significance of the growth.
 * With the reference to the image of Chinese dynasties:**

The silk roads went to China, Arabia, Tibet, India, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Afganistan, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey.
 * 3) The "Silk Road", along which Chinese traders journeyed to sell their silks, spices, porcelain and other valuable commodities, was actually a web of many routes that extended from Xi'an into the heart of the Islamic world.**
 * Through what MODERN countries did the silk roads go?**

From looking at this map, you can tell that China wanted to interact with the Islamic world, who had the knowledge of the past Greek and Romans. The silk route snakes through many different countries in the Islamic world and ends just before the borders of Europe. This also demonstrates that the Chinese did not want to be in contact with the Europeans, who still had not gained interest in education or trade. This brings us back to how the Chinese did not invite some emperors due to their low rank on the Chinese emperor's scale of priorities.
 * With the reference to the image of the Silk Routes:**

This figure shows us how people started moving around Europe during the Renaissance. This shows how Europeans finally started to get interested in education and how they were making their first move. The population is spotted in the eastern part of Europe, which also shows that people were making their moves to Asia.
 * With the reference to the figure that shows the European urban population in the years 1400-1600:**

This map shows how organized and planned the Chinese were with construction works. By looking at the way they made the water to enter the city, you can easily tell that they were very intelligent and that they thought of every possible way to keep the city going for a long time. You can also tell the Chinese thought of security for their emperor when they built this. This shows how the Forbidden City got its name.
 * With the reference to the map of the Beijing City that Zhu Di built:**

Even though the modern map has every feature of the old map, the modern map has more features to the palace such as hotels and department stores. The map of the capital that Zhu Di built showed how security came before anything else and how stable it is. However, in the modern map, it shows how the city is now used as a museum and that it got more developed compared to the old days. More roads and railroad tracks cover the map.
 * Compare this map of the great walled capital Zhu Di built, to this map of modern China. The Forbidden City is now the Palace Museum, and is located at the centre of the map below:**

I think the wall would have ended up in Iran if the wall really extended 6,400 kms west of Beijing.
 * On p. 54, Menzies writes that Zhu Di extended the Great Wall (which is actually many separate sections of wall created over hundreds of years) from 5,000 kms to 6,400 kms. You'll notice, that doesn't mean that the wall was 6,400 kms long. If it WAS, where would it reach, if it began at the Yalu River? Use the map in MWH Atlas p A18-19 to estimate where you would end up if the wall really extended 6,400 kms due west of Beijing.**

This map shows how the walls developed as time went on. If you compare the Pre-Qin walls to Ming Great Wall, the length is noticeably different. It also tells me how they wanted to connect the walls together and where they wanted to secure. This demonstrates Chinese's determination for protecting the empire.
 * With the reference to the map of the walls in China:**

This map shows how China was far too east to be the "0" degree. Greenwich lines up with the prime meridian, which the emperor cannot do anything about.
 * With the reference to the map of the prime meridian:**

This shows the conclusion of one of the great works of Zhu Di**.** This shows how now water is accessible to both the northern and southern parts of China. But by looking at the length of the canal, it demonstrates the amount of labor done for this canal and the also the amount of money for this project. This map shows the success of Zhu Di's plans. This map makes me think that the Chinese dynasty will be stronger due to the construction of this canal.
 * With the reference to the map of the Grand Canal:**


 * Date: 9/4/11**
 * Maps of Islam**

I think the maps are showing the growth of the Muslim empires as they began to study the preserved datas of the Greeks and the Romans. It tells us that their studies were successful and they were able to expand their empires.


 * Date: 8/25/11**
 * 9D**
 * Ethan, Jane, Lizzie**
 * Turning Points in Pre-Renaissance World**




 * Date: 8/21/11**
 * 9D**
 * Sources for Family History Project**


 * Event:** Mom attended and graduated culinary school in the United States.

- During my three years in the United States, my mom decided to try something she had never done before. She decided, with great determination and excitement, to attend a local university called Johnson & Wales, where culinary education was provided. My mom started attending the school in the year 2006. She learned variety of cooking skills and knowledge about different ingredients. My mom memorized lots of recipes and vocabularies for her classes. You can see the way she practiced one of the recipes by looking at the unwritten source. By helping her with her homework at home and watching her try out some of her recipes, I noticed that it was a tough course, especially for someone who has not perfected her English yet. After two long years of the culinary course, my mom proudly graduated Johnson & Wales in her graduation outfit, as you can see in the unwritten source section. With the degree she earned (look at primary written source section), she even got a job at the Harvard Club, located in the center of Boston, Massachusetts. The two years left an important mark on my mom's history and they will last there forever, untouched.
 * Recount of the event:**

- This is my mom's degree that she earned from her two years of studying culinary arts. This means a lot to my mom because this truly shows her the result of her hard studying and effort she put up for her years in her second college. The degree acts as a proof for my mom's completion of the culinary arts course. This is a primary source because the degree was made for her with all her information in it. This degree hadn't been shown to anyone else except the family. With this degree, she could show that she studied 2 years at the culinary school.
 * Primary Written Source:**


 * Primary Unwritten Source:**
 * -** This two pictures were taken on my mom's camera, which makes them both primary unwritten sources. The first picture is her graduation photo with her closest friends in college. She's wearing her graduation outfit along with her medal. The second photo was taken during one of her classes, where they were practicing setting up and making a certain recipe. These unwritten sources show how her classes generally went like and how her graduation was like. Once again, these two photos hasn't been shared with except the family and the people inside the pictures.

media type="youtube" key="I9P21Lae4lg?hl=en" height="349" width="425" - Here's an oral interview with my mom. She explains why she decided to attend a culinary arts school, how it was like, and how she felt on her graduation day. This is a primary source because it was an interview with the person who went through the situation.
 * Oral Interview:**


 * Please see my comments below:**


 * Date: 8/18/11**
 * 9D**
 * Examining the Roles of a Historian**


 * Vocabulary**
 * heretical** - to go against what people normally believe
 * faggot** - a bunch of sticks
 * Eucharist** - part of Christian ceremony where bread and wine are taken from the priest.
 * abstain** - to hold back from
 * penance** - punishing oneself for doing something wrong
 * beseeching** - begging, imploring
 * source** - something that is either written or unwritten that provides variety of information.

Please do not begin answers with "-" as this is an incorrect use of the punctuation.

- Hogsflesh is being punished for heretical beliefs. He thought differently than other people around him, that religion does not exist. The historian’s “story” is about what Hogsflesh went through when he went against the known beliefs in his time.
 * 1) In section 1, Heretical Beliefs, the historian gives his account of a historical event. What is happening to Hogsflesh? What is the historian's “story” or main point of the article?**

This is not the main point of the article.

- The roles of a historian defined by John Arnold were reader, teacher, and interpreter. I agree with his assumptions because those roles are played by historians. They read to find out more about their research subject, they teach others about their new research and they interpret many different cultures of the past. I think of historians also as explorer, because they explore various time periods in the past and record what happened then.
 * 2) What are the roles of a historian defined by John Arnold? Do you agree or disagree with his assumptions? Can you think of any other roles?**

Arnold actually identifies 9 roles. I like your idea that a historian is also an explorer!

According to the article, they state that “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity” is that historians should not have any other assumptions that is not proven by the source and that they should not ignore sources that go against their sources. Historians “treating their sources with fidelity” is to treat them with faithfulness, that they should believe in the sources they found. It is important to remember this when reading historical references because you might have some suspicions or assumptions about the topic. It’s important to look in a broad way and to keep mind of the contradictions of the articles.
 * 3) What is meant by “treat(ing) their sources with fidelity?” Remember to put your response in your own words. Why is it important to remember this when reading historical references?**

Good answer!

- Single event can be interpreted in more than one way depending on the time period of the event, culture of the location of the event, and other events that happened during the same time period. Historians could interpret my big move to the United States in different points of view. They might think I followed the trend during that time, which was moving to a foreign country to study, or they might simply think I was following my brother to the States.
 * 4) How can a single event be interpreted in more than one way? Can you think of an event in your life that historians could interpret with differing points of view?**

Good answer!

- __Me and Jasmine__ **Jasmine and I t**hought of the incident during a rehearsal for the 2010-2011 school year musical, Into the Woods. During that rehearsal, when the cast was going through the whole thing, one of the characters bumped into me while switching sides and twisted her ankle badly. We had to stop the rehearsal and the atmosphere turned very sad. Of course I felt so bad and worried and I remember myself crying that day. It is not possible for a historian to be completely objective because the other members of the cast might have seen the situation in a different perspective. For me, who created the disaster to happen, I felt so bad about myself and worried. The other people might have seen the situation as scary and surprising. The girl who actually twisted her ankle must have felt pain throughout the whole situation.
 * 5) Talk to a family member or friend about something that happened to you both a long time ago. Examine how you both remember the incident and write about it. With that in mind, when attaching meaning to history, is it possible for a historian to be completely objective? Use examples from the incident you just discussed to reinforce your response.**

Good answer.

- Historians might have different opinions and perspectives while practicing subjective history. With subjective history, historians can think of more options to find out what really happened during that time period. Historians would also have a specific topic to focus on without straying off to somewhere else. Yes, it makes sense for me to remember the event the way I did and the other person to remember it the way she did because we all had different view points during the situation. I was involved in the accident while Jasmine watched the situation happen. This tells us that history has many different sides to it, depending on the person's perspective.
 * 6) What problems may arise when historians practice subjective history? In what ways may subjective history be beneficial to the study of history? Think back to the incident you just discussed with your family member or friend. Why did it make sense for you to remember the event the way you did and for the other person to remember it the way he or she did? What does this tell us about history?**

Another good answer!

- Every historian is "a storyteller" because they have their own different version of the same story. Even though all historians are storytellers, we can't trust them because they have interpreted the main story into their version. One of historian's roles is to be an interpreter, so **we can't really trust them with their version of the story.** The main story might have a different plot, character, or even setting. Historians are also called "storytellers" because they tell stories from the past. They recall the people from the past and tell what they did.
 * 7) Why is every historian "a storyteller?" If all historians are storytellers and there are myriad versions of every story, can we trust historians? Why or why not?**

Really? Then why do we study history?!!

- My view of history went from boring to interesting. Before this reading, I have always thought history was just another boring subject for school. But this article showed that history is actually a collection of stories told in different perspectives. This also taught me to understand history in many views, not just in one simple way of looking at it. I will have to approach history as a historian now, which includes being an interpreter, reader, and teacher. This article also helped me to realize that I can't wholeheartedly trust every source out there. Some sources might have been interpreted and changed by other historians. This article helped my understanding of historians' job!
 * 8) How did your view of history and historians change based on this reading? How will you approach history now that you have explored these views?**

Okay.

9/10